Item 10
What color do acids turn litmus paper?


yellow


red


pink


blue

Answer:

is an assumption , in an idea that is proposed for the sake of argument so that it can be tested to see if it might be true.

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Answer:

Physical and chemical methods can be used to monitor the rate of a chemical reaction. Physical methods measure changes in properties like temperature, pressure, or volume. Chemical methods track reactant consumption or product formation using techniques like titration or spectrophotometry. The choice of method depends on the reaction being studied, and scientists use these methods to gain insight into reaction kinetics and optimize conditions for better efficiency and selectivity.

Answer:

1.04 g/mL

Explanation:

Applying,

D = (m-m')/V................. Equation 1

Where D = Density of the unknown liquid, m = mass of the pycnometer when filled with unkwon liquid, m' = mass of the empty pycnometer, V = volume of the empty pycnometer

From the question,

Assuming the mass are in grams

Given: m = 20.1 g, m' = 10.3 g, V = 9.4 mL

Substitute these values into equation 1

D = (20.1-10.3)/9.4

D = 9.8/9.4

D = 1.04 g/mL

Answer:

c. or b._____________

Explanation:

correct me

The calcium molecule undergoes oxidation while zinc molecule undergoes reduction during the redox reaction.

What is redox ?

It is a type of reaction in which there is an exchange of electron between two reactant species. During which one reactant under reduction and the other reactant undergoes oxidation.

Let the atoms in it ionic form-

\(Ca (s) + Zn^{2+} (aq)\) →  \(Zn (s) + Ca^{2+} (aq)\)

Oxidation :

\(Ca (s)\) → \(Ca^{2+} (aq) + 2e^{-}\)

Reduction :

\(Zn^{2+} (aq) + 2e^{-}\) → \(Zn (s)\)

Hence we can see that in the following redox reaction, calcium changes its oxidation state from 0 to +2 and zinc changes its oxidation state from +2 to 0 as it undergoes reduction.

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Answer:

0.1029(rounded to sig figs)

Explanation:

convert from grams to moles

Amount in grams/molar mass of substance

Molar mass of Mg=24.305

So, 2.500/24.305=0.1028594939

Rounded to 0.1029

Answer:

density

Explanation:

density, volume holds fluid, and temperature is negligible

We have to solve this question using the stoichiometry of the reaction using number of moles:

The equation of the reaction is;

\(2 C12H26(l) + 37 O2(g) -----> 24 CO2(g) + 26 H2O(l) + 15,026 kJ\)

According to the question;

Number of moles of CO2 released = 21.3 g/44 g/mol = 0.48 moles

From the  stoichiometry of the reaction:

Since;

24 moles of CO2 released 15,026 KJ

0.48 moles of CO2 will release 0.48 * 15,026/24

= 301 KJ of heat.

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Answer:

2 C12H26(l) + 37 O2(g) ----- > 24 CO2(g) + 26 H2O(l) + 15,026 kJ2C12H26(l)+37O2(g)−−−−−>24CO2(g)+26H2O(l)+15,026kJ

According to the question;

Number of moles of CO2 released = 21.3 g/44 g/mol = 0.48 moles

Since;

24 moles of CO2 released 15,026 KJ

0.48 moles of CO2 will release 0.48 * 15,026/24

= 301 KJ of heat.

Answer:

\(\boxed {\boxed {\sf 0.0769 \ M}}\)

Explanation:

We are asked to find the molarity of an acid given the details of a titration experiment. The formula for titration is as follows:

\(M_AV_A= M_B V_B\)

In this formula, M is the molarity of the acid or base and V is the volume of the acid or base. The molarity of the hydrochloric acid (HCl) is unknown and the volume is 25.0 milliliters.

\(M_A * 25.0 \ mL = M_BV_B\)

The molarity of the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is 0.108 molar and the volume is 17.80 milliliters.

\(M_A * 25.0 \ mL = 0.108 \ M * 17.80 \ mL\)

We are solving for the molarity of the acid and we must isolate the variable \(M_A\). It is being multiplied by 25.0 milliliters. The inverse operation of multiplication is division, so we divide both sides of the equation by 25.0 mL.

\(\frac {M_A * 25.0 \ mL }{25.0 \ mL}= \frac{0.108 \ M * 17.80 \ mL }{25.0 \ mL}\)

\(M_A= \frac{0.108 \ M * 17.80 \ mL }{25.0 \ mL}\)

The units of milliliters cancel.

\(M_A= \frac{0.108 \ M * 17.80 }{25.0 }\)

\(M_A= \frac{1.9224}{25.0 } \ M\)

\(M_A= 0.076896 \ M\)

The original measurements have 3 and 4 significant figures. We must round our answer to the least number of sig figs, which is 3. For the number we calculated, that is the ten-thousandth place. The 9 to the right of this place tells us to round the 8 up to a 9.

\(M_A \approx 0.0769 \ M\)

The molarity of the hydrochloric acid is 0.0769 Molar.

Answer:

Explanation:

This question is incomplete. However, let's understand what a single displacement reaction is and what occurs during such reactions.

A single displacement reaction is a reaction in which a more reactive element displaces/replaces a less reactive element in a compound. The reactions below depict a single displacement reaction.

A + BC ⇒ AC + B

2Al + Fe₂O₃ ⇒ Al₂O₃ + 2Fe

During chemical reactions, heat is either absorbed from the environment (endothermic reaction) or given off into the environment (exothermic reaction). During bond formation (in a reaction), heat is released into the environment (exothermic) while when bonds are broken, heat is absorbed from the environment (endothermic).

During single displacement reaction, heat is given off, hence single displacement reaction is an exothermic reaction because it involves the formation of a bond (for the compound formed in the product).

Please note that it can be argued that bonds were also broken in the reactants before new ones are formed in the products, however the bonds broken in the reactant do not require much heat from the environment because the more reactive element ordinarily has a higher activity than the displaced element thus, the entire reaction produces heat (exothermic) when the new bond is being formed.

What is usually observed during a single displacement reaction is the release of heat and this shows the reaction is an exothermic reaction.

The maximum mass of water that could be produced by the chemical reaction is 162 g.

The given chemical equation is: 2 C8H18(l) + 25 O2(g) → 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(l)In the chemical reaction of liquid octane with gaseous oxygen, the products are gaseous carbon dioxide and gaseous water.According to the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of C8H18 react with 25 moles of O2 to form 18 moles of H2O.So, 1 mole of C8H18 react with 25/2 = 12.5 moles of O2 to form 9 moles of H2O.The molar mass of C8H18 is 114 g/mol. So, the number of moles in 17 g of C8H18 is:17 g / 114 g/mol = 0.149 molThe molar mass of O2 is 32 g/mol. So, the number of moles in 112 g of O2 is:112 g / 32 g/mol = 3.5 molFrom the balanced chemical equation, 1 mole of C8H18 react with 12.5 moles of O2 to form 9 moles of H2O.So, the number of moles of O2 required to react with 0.149 mol of C8H18 to form H2O is:(12.5 mol / 1 mol) × (0.149 mol / 2 mol) = 0.935 molThe maximum number of moles of H2O that can be produced from 0.149 mol of C8H18 and 0.935 mol of O2 is 9 mol.So, the mass of water produced from 17 g of C8H18 and 112 g of O2 is:9 mol × 18 g/mol = 162 g

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Answer:

First, let's calculate the number of moles of H₂SO₄:

Number of moles of H₂SO₄ = mass of H₂SO₄ / molar mass of H₂SO₄

Number of moles of H₂SO₄ = 583 g / 98.079 g/mol

Number of moles of H₂SO₄ = 5.944 mol

Next, let's calculate the number of moles of water:

Number of moles of water = mass of water / molar mass of water

Number of moles of water = 1.50 kg / 18.0153 g/mol

Number of moles of water = 83.277 mol

The mole fraction of H₂SO₄ can now be calculated as follows:

Mole fraction of H₂SO₄ = moles of H₂SO₄ / total moles

Mole fraction of H₂SO₄ = 5.944 mol / (5.944 mol + 83.277 mol)

Mole fraction of H₂SO₄ = 0.0666

Therefore, the mole fraction of H₂SO₄ in the solution is 0.0666 (rounded to four significant figures).

The  formula of the hydrate = CuSO₄• 3H₂O

Given

4.175 grams sample CuSO₄• xH₂O

3.120 grams anhydrous compound CuSO₄

Required

The formula

Solution

mass of H₂O driven off :

= 4.175 - 3.12

= 1.055 g

MW CuSO₄ = 159.5 g/mol

MW H₂O = 18 g/mol

mol ratio of CuSO₄ : H₂O :

= 3.12/159.5 : 1.055/18

= 0.01956 : 0.05861

= 1 : 3

Based on the data provided, the formula of the hydrated salt is CuSO4.3H20

The formula of the hydrate is determined from the mole ratio of the anhydrous saltand water.

Mass of water = 4.175 - 3.120

mass of water = 1.055 g

Mole ratio= mass/molar mass

molar mass of CuSO4 = 160 g/mol

molar mass of H2O = 18 g/mol

CuSO4 = 3.120/160 = 0.0195

H2O = 1.055/18 = 0.0586

CuSO4 = 0.0195/0.0195 = 1

H2O = 0.0586/0.0195 = 3

Therefore, the formula of the hydrated salt is CuSO4.3H20

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Answer: Both of these are of great concern to human health. BPA is used in many things including plastic bottles and food packaging materials. Over time the polymer chains of BPA break down, and can enter the human body in many ways from drinking contaminated water to eating a fish that is exposed to the broken down toxins.

Explanation:

I think you will get it

Answer: 5,266

Explanation:

5,266

Answer:

C. increase crop yields

Explanation:

Genetically modified organisms are those organisms that have been improved using genetic engineering procedures. Genetic engineering/modification is the manipulation of an organism's genome in order to get an improved organism with desirable traits.

The organisms being genetically modified or engineered is called GMO or transgenic organisms. Hence, in this case, one feature of the crops being genetically modified is to have an INCREASED YIELD.

Answer:

Carboxylic acids produce hydrogen bonds amongst themselves and possess lower vapor pressure. They generally possess a sour odor. When an acid and a base react with each other to produce salt and water and comprises the combination of hydrogen and hydroxide ions, the reaction is termed the neutralization reaction. Thus, when carboxylic acid reacts with base the reaction is termed neutralization.

On the other hand, esters are known for their pleasant fragrances. They do not produce hydrogen bonds amongst themselves and possess higher vapor pressure. A hydration reaction in which free hydroxide dissociates the ester bonds between the glycerol and fatty acids of a triglyceride, leading to the formation of free fatty acids and glycerol is termed saponification.

Thus, the given blanks can be filled with carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid, esters, esters, esters, and carboxylic acid.

A) The specific humidity of the air with the given parameters is;

w1 = 0.00967

B) The relative humidity of the air with the given parameters is;

Φ1 = 0.459

C) The enthalpy of the air in KJ/kg dry air with the given parameters is;

h1 = 49.75 KJ/Kg

Correct question is;

The dry- and wet-bulb temperatures of atmospheric air at 95 kPa are 25 and 17 °C, respectively. Determine (a) the specific humidity, (b) the relative humidity, and (c) the enthalpy of the air, in kJ/kg dry air.

We are given;

Atmospheric Pressure;P = 95 KPa

Dry temperature;T1 = 25 °C

Wet temperature;T2 = 17°C

A) From table A-4 attached and at temperature of 17°C and by interpolation, we have a saturation pressure of P_g2 = 1.938 kpa

First of all, we will calculate the specific humidity from the given pressure and saturation pressure with the formula;

w2 = (0.622 × P_g2)/(P - P_g2)

w2 = (0.622 × 1.938)/(95 - 1.938)

w2 = 0.013

Now, let's calculate specific humidity with the enthalpies at 17 °C and by interpolation. We have specific enthalpies from table A-4 as;

h_fg2 = 2460 KJ/Kg

h_g1 = 2546.5 KJ/Kg

h_f2 = 71.36 KJ/Kg

The formula for the specific humidity under these conditions is;

w1 = (c_p(T2 - T1) + w2•h_fg2)/(h_g1 - h_f2)

c_p of air has a value of 1.005 KJ/Kg.°C

Thus;

w1 = (1.005(17 - 25) + 0.013*2460)/(2546.5 - 71.36)

w1 = 0.00967

B) The relative humidity is determined from the equation;

Φ1 = (w1*p)/(0.622 + w1)p_g1

From table A-4 attached and at temperature of 25 °C, we have a saturation pressure of P_g1 = 3.1698 KPa

Φ1 = (0.00967*95)/(0.622 + 0.00967)3.1698

Φ1 = 0.459

C) For the enthalpy of air, h1 we will use the formula;

h1 = (c_p × T1) + (w1 × h_g1)

h1 = (1.005 × 25) + (0.00967 × 2546.5)

h1 = 49.75 KJ/Kg

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Answer:

i) The size of X ion is greater than that of X atom even though both contain the same number of protons because the ion has fewer electrons compared to the atom. When an atom forms an anion (negative ion), it gains electrons, which causes increased electron-electron repulsion. This repulsion causes the electron cloud to expand, and as a result, the ion becomes larger than the neutral atom.

In the case of element X, when it forms an ion with a -3 charge, it will gain 3 more electrons, increasing the total number of electrons to 18. This will cause the size of the X ion to be larger than the neutral X atom.

ii) To determine the compound of X in the -3 oxidation state, we first need to determine the element's identity. We know that X has 15 electrons in total (2 in the K shell, 8 in the L shell, and 5 in the M shell). Therefore, X has an atomic number of 15, which corresponds to phosphorus (P).

Since phosphorus is in the -3 oxidation state, it gains 3 electrons and becomes P^3-. To form a compound, we need a cation that can balance the negative charge. A common example is aluminum (Al), which has a +3 charge (Al^3+). When phosphorus and aluminum combine, they form the compound aluminum phosphide with the formula AlP.

The theoretical yield of the titanium tetra fluoride is  2.3 g.

We know that we can be able to obtain the theoretical yield from the stoichiometry of the reaction. We already have the balanced chemical reaction equation as shown in the question.

Number of moles of Titanium = 2.6 g/49 g/mol = 0.053 moles

Number of moles of fluorine = 1.4 g/38 g/mol = 0.037 moles

Given that 1 mole of Titanium reacts with 2 moles of fluorine

0.053 moles reacts with  0.053 moles * 2 moles/ 1 mole

= 0.106 moles

Thus fluorine is the limiting reactant

Now;

2 moles of fluorine produces 1 mole of titanium fluoride

0.037 moles of fluorine produces 0.037 moles * 1 mole/ 2 moles

= 0.0185 moles

Theoretical yield  of the product = 0.0185 moles * 124 g/mol

=  2.3 g

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Answer:

Jupiter and Saturn has ammonia clouds in its atmosphere since the molecules of ammonia gas that are present in their atmospheres condense to form clouds. However, these ammonia clouds are more visible in Jupiter than in Saturn because of their lower altitude in Saturn.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

i took the exam

Answer:

CaS + 2HI → CaI2 + H2S

Atom consists of electron, proton and neutron.  The number of proton and electrons is 25. The number of neutron is 30. The given element is manganese, Mn.

Atom is the smallest particle of any matter. Atom combines to form element and element combine to form molecule or compound.

Mass number =Number of neutrons+ number of protons

Mass number =55

Number of neutrons=atomic number+5

Substituting the given values in the above formula

55 =atomic number+5+ number of protons

50=2×atomic number

Atomic number=25

Therefore, the number of proton and electrons is 25. The number of neutron is 30. The given element is manganese, Mn.

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An example of heterogeneous equilibrium is:

Heterogeneous equilibrium refers to an equilibrium state in a chemical reaction where the reactants and products exist in different physical states or phases. It occurs when substances in different phases, such as solids, liquids, and gases, are involved in a chemical reaction.

Considering the given equations:

The equation I: FeO(s) + CO(g) ⇌ Fe(s) + CO₂(g) represents a heterogeneous equilibrium.

This is because the reactants and products involve different phases (solid and gas). FeO is a solid (s), CO is a gas (g), Fe is a solid (s), and CO₂ is a gas (g). The reaction involves the conversion of a solid and a gas to another solid and a gas, and the equilibrium is established between these different phases.

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Answer:

D - Thermodynamics

Explanation:  I just took the quiz

Answer:

37.8g/ 10.81g/mol = 3.4968...moles

The term mole concept is used here to determine the number of moles of boron. The number of moles of boron in 37.8 g and 10.81 g/mol is 3.49 mol.

One mole of a substance is defined that amount of it which contains as many particles or entities as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. One mole of any substance contains Avogadro number of molecules.

The equation which is used to calculate the number of moles is given as:

Number of moles = Given mass / Molar mass

The molar mass of boron = 10.81 g/mol

Here the given mass of boron = 37.8 g

Then the number of moles is calculated as:

n = 37.8 /  10.81  = 3.49 mol

Thus the number of moles in 37.8 grams of boron is 3.49 mol.

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Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

The synthesis of asprin involves the;

i) Hydrolysis of Methyl salicylate

ii) Reaction of salicylic acid with acid anhydride

The chemical name of asprin is acetylsalicylic acid.

It is preferable to use an acid anhydride for ester formation with an alcohol rather than a carboxylic acid because we will not produce water which can then cause the hydrolysis of the newly formed ester.