Let h : Z → R be the point mass function of some distribution.
a) Let Ω = Z × Z. Show that if we define each ω = (ω1, ω2) ∈ Ω,
pω = hω1 hω2, then (pω)ω∈Ω is the point mass function of some distribution.
b) Consider the random variable X : Ω → Z, X(ω) = ω1 + ω2. Show that X's
the point mass function of the distribution, i.e. PX, is

Hints: the a) point is largely a repetition of the old one, but the latter point may require some thought. In particular, you should think about why it is enough to calculate
probability P({ω ∈ Ω : X(ω) = x}). For this, you should think about
that what this event has to do with the event
​​​​​​​x - n}
and why it can be applied to calculate the probability of this event
definition of probability distribution.

Answers

Answer 1

We have demonstrated that (pω)ω∈Ω is the point mass function of some distribution, and that the random variable X has a point mass function PX equal to (pω)ω∈Ω.

In order to show that (pω)ω∈Ω is the point mass function of some distribution, we need to demonstrate that it satisfies the properties of a probability distribution.

a) Let's consider the properties of a probability distribution. Firstly, the values of pω must be non-negative for all ω ∈ Ω. This is true since pω is defined as the product of two non-negative values hω1 and hω2.

Secondly, the sum of probabilities over all possible outcomes must be equal to 1. In this case, we need to show that the sum of (pω)ω∈Ω over all possible ω in Ω is equal to 1. To do this, we can consider the sum:

Σ(pω)ω∈Ω = Σ(hω1 hω2)ω∈Ω

By the properties of the point mass function h, we know that Σhω1 = 1 and Σhω2 = 1. Therefore, the above expression becomes:

Σ(pω)ω∈Ω = Σ(hω1 hω2)ω∈Ω = 1 * 1 = 1

Thus, we have shown that (pω)ω∈Ω satisfies the properties of a probability distribution.

b) Now let's consider the random variable X(ω) = ω1 + ω2 and show that its point mass function PX is equal to (pω)ω∈Ω.

To calculate PX(x) = P({ω ∈ Ω : X(ω) = x}), we need to consider the event where the sum of the components ω1 and ω2 is equal to x. This can be expressed as:

{ω ∈ Ω : X(ω) = x} = {(ω1, ω2) ∈ Ω : ω1 + ω2 = x}

Now, notice that this event is equivalent to the event {ω1 = n, ω2 = x - n} for any fixed n. The probability of this event is given by pω1 pω2 = hω1 hω2, which matches the point mass function (pω)ω∈Ω.

By considering all possible values of n, we can cover all the cases for X(ω) = x, and therefore, we have shown that PX(x) is equal to (pω)ω∈Ω.

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Related Questions

blood pressure in argentinosaurus. if this long-necked, gigantic sauropod had a head height of 17.1 m and a heart height of 9.00 m, (a) what (hydrostatic) gauge pressure in its blood was required at the heart such that the blood pressure at the brain was 65.3 torr (just enough to perfuse the brain with blood)? Assume the blood had a density of 1.06 × 103 kg/m3. (b) What was the blood pressure at the feet?
Give your answers in torr or mm Hg.

Answers

Answer:

P = (1.87 × 10⁵ Pa) / (133.322 Pa/torr) = 1.40 × 10³ torr (or mm Hg)

Explanation:

(a) To calculate the hydrostatic gauge pressure in the blood at the heart of the Argentinosaurus, we can use the following formula:

P = ρgh

where P is the pressure, ρ is the density of the blood, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height difference between the heart and the brain.

The height difference between the heart and the brain is:

h = 17.1 m - 9.00 m = 8.10 m

Substituting the given values, we get:

P = (1.06 × 10³ kg/m³) * (9.81 m/s²) * (8.10 m)

P = 8.45 × 10⁴ Pa

To convert this to torr or mm Hg, we can use the conversion factor:

1 torr = 133.322 Pa

Therefore, the pressure at the heart required to perfuse the brain with blood is:

P = (65.3 torr) / (133.322 Pa/torr) = 0.489 × 10⁴ Pa

The hydrostatic gauge pressure required at the heart is:

P = 0.489 × 10⁴ Pa - 8.45 × 10⁴ Pa = -7.96 × 10⁴ Pa

This is a negative pressure, which means that the blood pressure at the heart would need to be 7.96 × 10⁴ Pa lower than atmospheric pressure to perfuse the brain with blood.

(b) To calculate the blood pressure at the feet of the Argentinosaurus, we can use the same formula:

P = ρgh

The height difference between the heart and the feet is:

h = 17.1 m

Substituting the given values, we get:

P = (1.06 × 10³ kg/m³) * (9.81 m/s²) * (17.1 m)

P = 1.87 × 10⁵ Pa

To convert this to torr or mm Hg, we can use the conversion factor:

1 torr = 133.322 Pa

Therefore, the blood pressure at the feet of the Argentinosaurus is:

P = (1.87 × 10⁵ Pa) / (133.322 Pa/torr) = 1.40 × 10³ torr (or mm Hg)

a. The recommended heart gauge pressure is 596 mm Hg.

b. The blood pressure at the feet is higher than at the heart, which is required to push blood up the Argentinosaurus's long neck.

(a) To calculate the required gauge pressure at the heart, we can use the hydrostatic pressure equation:

P = ρgh

where P is the gauge pressure, ρ is the density of blood, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height difference between the heart and the brain. We can solve for P:

P = ρgh = (1.06 × 10³ kg/m³)(9.81 m/s²)(17.1 m - 9.00 m) = 7.96 × 10⁴ Pa

To convert this to torr or mm Hg, we can use the conversion factor:

1 torr = 1 mm Hg = 133.3 Pa

So the required gauge pressure at the heart is:

P = 7.96 × 10⁴ Pa = 596 torr = 596 mm Hg

(b) To calculate the blood pressure at the feet, we can use the same equation but with the height difference between the heart and the feet:

P = ρgh = (1.06 × 10³ kg/m³)(9.81 m/s²)(17.1 m - 0 m) = 1.79 × 10⁵ Pa

Converting to torr or mm Hg:

P = 1.79 × 10⁵ Pa = 1340 torr = 1340 mm Hg

So the blood pressure at the feet is higher than at the heart, which is necessary to pump blood up the long neck of the Argentinosaurus.

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A(n) ____ is a statement based on observations made.
A. law
B. hypothesis
C. experiment
D. theory

Answers

ANSWER:I think it is hypothesis forgive me if I’m wrong

Explanation: A hypothesis IS NOT an educated guess. It is an uncertain explanation for an observation,
Answer
Hypothesis
Explanation:

According to the superposition principle of waves, A. when two wave pass through the same material they always double in amplitude. B. many different waves can pass through the same point at once. C. when two waves pass through the same material they always cancel each other out. D. only one wave is able to pass through a single point at a single time.​

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

which term best describes the quantity of water moving through a stream?

Answers

Explanation:

Generally, stream flows are measured in CFS   = Cubic Feet per Second

part b: does your interval from part a give convincing evidence of a difference between the population proportions? explain. (2 points)

Answers

Part b: Your interval from part a give convincing evidence of a difference between the population proportions is  depends on the interval that was obtained in part A.

If the interval does not include 0, then it gives convincing evidence of a difference between the population proportions. This is because if 0 is not included in the interval, it suggests that the difference between the two population proportions is not 0, meaning there is a difference between the two populations. However, if the interval does include 0, then it does not give convincing evidence of a difference between the population proportions, as it suggests that the difference between the two population proportions could be 0, meaning there may not be a difference between the two populations.

In conclusion, whether the interval from part A gives convincing evidence of a difference between the population proportions depends on whether the interval includes 0. If it does not include 0, then it gives convincing evidence of a difference; if it does include 0, then it does not give convincing evidence of a difference.

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is orange orange because its orange or is orange orange because its orange

Answers

Answer:

orange it is lol

Explanation:

Answer:

HELP ORANGE DOESNT LOOK LIKE A WORD ANYMORE

Explanation:

What is happening to the water molecules as it changes from ice to liquid water? *

They are losing energy, can’t move only vibrate
They are gaining energy, can move and slide past each other
They are moving at high speeds and are far from each other
They are gaining energy, moving slowly until they evaporate

Answers

Answer:

They are gaining energy, can move and slide past each other.

Explanation:

Because as ice melts, the molocules gain energy/heat which warm them up and are able to slide/move apart from each other.

Suppose a blanket has a sock stuck to it due to static electricity. When you pull the sock off of the blanket, what happens to the potential energy between them?

Answers

Explanation:

When you pull the sock off of the blanket, the socks gain electrons out of blanket. This makes socks slightly negatively charged. The potential energy of the socks rise whereas potential energy of the blanket reduces. This happens because of exchange of electrons between socks and blanket.

A rope is shaken and produces 7 waves each second. Calculate the time period of the rope waves.

Answers

Answer:

The time period of the rope waves is  \(\overline {0.142857}\) seconds

Explanation:

The period of a wave, T is equal to 1 divided by the frequency of the wave

\(The \ period \ 'T', \, of\ a\ wave = \dfrac{1}{The \ frequency, \, 'f' \ of\ the \ wave }\)

\(T = \dfrac{1}{f}\)

The number of waves produced per second by the wave = 7 waves

Therefore;

The frequency of the wave, f = 7 complete cycles per second = 7 Hz

f = 7 Hz

\(\therefore The \ time \ period \ of \ the \ rope \ waves, T = \dfrac{1}{f} = \dfrac{1}{7 \, Hz} = \overline {0.142857} \, seconds\)

The time period of the rope waves, T = \(\overline {0.142857}\) seconds

In an experiment in which a coin is tossed twice, which of the following represents mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive events?

A. {TT, HH} and {TT, HT}

B. {HT, TH} and {HH, TH}

C. {TT, HH} and {TH, HT}

D. {TT, HT} and {HT, TH}

Answers

it represents mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive events for the experiment of tossing a coin twice C. {TT, HH} and {TH, HT}.

For events to be mutually exclusive, they cannot occur simultaneously. In this case, the events {TT, HH} represent getting two tails or two heads in the coin toss, respectively. These events are mutually exclusive because it is not possible to have both two tails and two heads at the same time in the same coin toss.

For events to be collectively exhaustive, at least one of the events must occur. In this case, the events {TH, HT} represent getting a tail followed by a head or a head followed by a tail in the coin toss. These events are collectively exhaustive because every possible outcome of the coin toss (TT, HH, TH, HT) is covered by these two events.

Option C, {TT, HH} and {TH, HT}, satisfies both conditions. The events {TT, HH} are mutually exclusive, and the events {TH, HT} are collectively exhaustive.

Options A, B, and D do not satisfy both conditions. In option A, the events {TT, HH} and {TT, HT} are not mutually exclusive since the outcome TT can occur in both. In option B, the events {HT, TH} and {HH, TH} are not collectively exhaustive as the outcome HH is not included. In option D, the events {TT, HT} and {HT, TH} are not collectively exhaustive as the outcome HH is not included.

Therefore, option C is the correct choice as it represents mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive events for the experiment of tossing a coin twice.

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Part B
Apply the law of conservation of energy to solve the following problem to find velocity.

A food packet is dropped from a helicopter during a flood-relief operation from a height of 750 meters. Assuming no drag (air friction), what will the velocity of the packet be when it reaches the ground?

Answers

The velocity of the packet when it reaches the ground  is 121.24 m/s.

What is velocity?

Velocity is defined as a vector measurement of the rate and direction of motion.

To calculate the velocity of the packet, we use the formula below.

Formula:

v² = u²+2gs............. Equation 1

Where:

v = Velocity of the packet when it reaches the groundu = Initial velocity of the packets = Height g = acceleration due to gravity

From the question,

Given:

u = 0 m/sg = 9.8 m/s²s = 750 meter

Substitute these values into equation 1 and solve for v

v² = 0²+2×9.8×750v² = 14700v = √(14700)v = 121.24 m/s

Hence, the velocity of the packet is 121.24 m/s.

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A giant solar flare struck Earth in 1859, but it didn't seem to cause much damage. Why do people worry about one that large hitting now? HELPPPPPP

Answers

Answer:

electronics getting fried do to the electromagnetic surge. (the solar flare can act like an emp)

Explanation:

Your mass is 80 kg on Earth. What would your MASS
be on Planet Roethler, which has twice as much
gravity as on Earth?
40 kg
160 kg
80 kg

Answers

Mass doesn't change. It doesn't matter where you are.

If your mass is 80 kg when you're on Earth, then your mass is 80 kg. It doesn't matter where you are, where you used to be, or where you're going tomorrow.

Pls help!! I need this done by today:(

Pls help!! I need this done by today:(

Answers

Final velocity=15
Initial Velocity=0
Duration of Time=5
Acceleration=3
I hope that helped.

Equipment such as chafing dishes, steam tables and heated cabinets designed to hold foods hot should at least keep food temperatures at _____ or hotter:
135°F (57°C)
140°F (60°C)
155°F (68°C)
165°F (74°C)

Answers

Equipment such as chafing dishes, steam tables and heated cabinets designed to hold foods hot should at least keep food temperatures at 140°F (60°C) or hotter. The correct answer is 140°F (60°C).

Food safety is a crucial aspect of any foodservice operation. Keeping hot correct food temperatures is essential in preventing the growth of harmful bacteria. The temperature range of 140°F (60°C) to 165°F (74°C) is considered the "danger zone" for hot foods, as this range allows bacteria to grow rapidly.

Therefore, equipment such as chafing dishes, steam tables, and heated cabinets designed to hold hot foods should maintain a minimum temperature of 140°F (60°C) or hotter.

This ensures that the food remains safe to eat and reduces the risk of foodborne illness. It is also important to check the temperature of the food regularly using a thermometer to ensure that it is being held at the correct temperature.

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What is the acceleration of a vehicle that
changes its velocity from 300 km/h to a dead
stop in 20 s ?
Answer in units of m/s
2

Answers

15m/s2
this is because acceleration=v/t=300/20=15

the net electric flux crossing an open surface is never zero. true or false?

Answers

The given statement that net electric flux crossing an open surface is never zero, is false.

The net electric flux of an electric field through a closed surface is equal to the enclosed charge, divided by the permittivity of the free space. Where charge is taken in the unit of coulombs.

The net electric flux cross an open surface can also be zero if the is perpendicular to the direction of the field. In other word if the field lines are parallel to the surface. Electric flux is a scaler quantity. The SI unit of electric flux is N-m²/C.

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A 100-lb child stands on a scale while riding in an elevator. What does the scale read while the elevator slows to stop at the lowest floor

Answers

Answer: A 100-lb child stands on a scale while riding in an elevator. Then, the scale reading approaches to 100lb, while the elevator slows to stop at the lowest floor

Explanation: To find the correct answer, we need to know more about the apparent weight of a body in a lift.

What is the apparent weight of a body in a lift?Consider a body of mass m kept on a weighing machine in a lift.The readings on the machine is the force exerted by the body on the machine(action), which is equal to the force exerted by the machine on the body(reaction).The reaction we get as the weight recorded by the machine, and it is called the apparent weight.How to solve the question?Here we have given with the actual weight of the body as 100lbs.This 100lb child is standing on the scale or the weighing machine, when it is riding .During this condition, the acceleration of the lift is towards downward, and thus, a force of ma .There is also mg downwards and a normal reaction in the upward direction.when we equate both the upward force and downward force, we get,

                             \(ma=mg-N\\N=mg-ma\)    i.e. during riding the scale reads a weight less than that of actual weight.

When the lift goes slow and stops the lowest floor, then the acceleration will be approaches to zero.

Thus, from the above explanation, it is clear that ,when the elevator moves to the lowest floor slowly and stops, then the apparent weight will become the actual weight.

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a car moving on the road with the rain is falling vertically downward. why does the front windscreen get wet where is the back screen remains dry?

Answers

Answer: it strikes the the car in the direction of relative velocity of rain with respect to car.

Explanation:

As the rain is falling vertically downwards, it strikes the the car in the direction of relative velocity of rain with respect to car. This is the reason why the front windscreen get wet and the back screen remains dry.

Lizard able to run in ceilings and walls.why?​

Answers

Answer:

because of their web feet

Explanation:

oke

Answer:

Reptiles have an enormous number of extremely minuscule hairs on the stack of their feet called setae. These little cushions subsequently radically increment the surface zone and come in close contact with the surface on which the reptile is creeping, so the Van der Waals forces kick in.

Explanation:

Hope this helped!

A 65kg swimmer pushes off the pool wall and accelerates at 6m/s2. The friction experienced by the swimmer is 100n. What is the magnitude of the force that the swimmer applies on the wall?.

Answers

Answer:

490 N

Explanation:

Fnet = ma

       = 65*6

       = 390 N

Net force is applied force (Fapp) and friction force (Ff) in the opposite direction.

Fnet= Fapp - Ff

390=x-100

x=490N

Can the sun explain global warming? ( 2 points) Suppose that the Earth has warmed up by 1 K in the last hundred years. i) How much would the solar constant have to increase to explain this? ii) Compare this to the observed fluctuation of the solar constant over the past 400 years (shown in class) For part (i), begin with the standard 'blackbody' calculation from class, that is: set α=0.30, and assume that the Earth acts as a blackbody in the infrared.

Answers

No, the sun cannot explain global warming. Global warming is a phenomenon in which the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere is rising continuously due to human activities such as deforestation, burning of fossil fuels, and industrialization.

This increase in temperature cannot be explained only by an increase in solar radiation.There are several factors which contribute to global warming, including greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, which causes the planet's temperature to rise. The sun's radiation does contribute to global warming, but it is not the main cause.

i) To calculate the increase in solar radiation that would cause the Earth to warm up by 1 K, we can use the following formula:ΔS = ΔT / αWhere ΔS is the increase in solar constant, ΔT is the increase in temperature, and α is the Earth's albedo (reflectivity).α = 0.30 is the standard value used for the Earth's albedo.ΔS = ΔT / αΔS = 1 K / 0.30ΔS = 3.33 W/m2So, to explain the increase in temperature of 1 K over the last hundred years, the solar constant would need to increase by 3.33 W/m2.

ii) The observed fluctuation of the solar constant over the past 400 years has been around 0.1% to 0.2%. This is much smaller than the 3.33 W/m2 required to explain the increase in temperature of 1 K over the last hundred years. Therefore, it is unlikely that the sun is the main cause of global warming.

The sun cannot explain global warming. While the sun's radiation does contribute to global warming, it is not the main cause. The main cause of global warming is human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, which release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

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1) a sphere 8 cm in diameter has a charge of 4 uc placed on its surface. what is the electric field intensity a) at the surtace, b) 2 cm outside the surtace, c) 2 cm inside the surface?

Answers

Charged matter experiences a force when it is exposed to an electromagnetic field due to the physical property of electric charge. Positive or negative charges can exist in an electric field. Contrary charges attract one another while like charges repel one another.

1) a sphere 8 cm in diameter has a charge of 4 uc placed on its surface. what is the electric field intensity a) at the surface, b) 2 cm outside the surface, c) 2 cm inside the surface?

"Ф = 4.5176x10⁵ N . m² / C"

In this instance, two formulas are required to determine the sphere's electric flux.

First, the electric flow is determined using the following formula:

Ф = E * A (1) 

Where:

Field of electricity

A: The sphere's diameter

We use the following formula to determine the electric field E:

E = K * q / r² (2)

If we switch out (2) for (1), we get the following:

Ф = K * q * A / r² (3) 

Finally, we need to understand the formula for calculating a sphere's surface area, which is as follows:

A = 4πr² (4) 

Substituting into (3):

= K * Q * 4r2 / r2 disregarding r2

Ф = K * Q * 4π (5)

All that is left to do is swap out the given values and find the sphere's electric flux:

Ф = 8.98755x10⁹ * 4x10⁻⁶ * 4 * π

Ф = 4.5176x10⁵ N . m² / C

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The assumption that there is no energy loss is not accurate. Assuming the spring has a spring constant of 100Nm-1 and has a length change of 2 cm, the track is on a level surface, and that the final velocity of the car is 0.25 ms-1 when it reaches the end of the track, what is the percentage efficiency of the toy? Take the mass of the car to be 150 g

Answers

The toy percentage efficiency is 23%.

Solution:

The kinetic energy is:

KE = \(\frac{1}{2} mv^{2}\)

KE = \(\frac{1}{2} *(150)(0.25)^2\)

KE = 4.6875 J

The elastic potential energy is:

E = 0.5 x 4 x 10 = 20

E = 100 J

The percentage efficiency of the toy is found as:

%n = \(\frac{4.6875*100}{20}\)

%n = 23%

The more the elastic material is stretched the greater the potential for elastic energy storage. The amount of elastic potential energy stored in a stretched spring can be calculated using the formula: Work is done when the spring expands and contracts.

Springs store elastic potential energy. If no inelastic deformation has occurred, the work done is equal to the stored elastic potential energy. As the spring constant increases for a constant applied force, the spring deflection decreases as the spring stiffness increases.

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Which nanotechnology product would most likely help the
electronics company?
biomaterials
carbon wires
quantum dots
OLEDs

Answers

Answer: OLEDs

Explanation:

The nanotechnology uses the surface of the carbon materials to generate the electricity. The evaporation of water on the surface of carbon materials helps in generation of electrical energy due to generation of thermal energy.

OLEDs can be defined as solid-state devices that comprises of organic molecules like carbon that will create electricity by exposing a surface for generation of thermal energy.

What does Schrödinger's cat explain in quantum mechanics?.

Answers

Answer:

Schrodinger's cat explains that the state of an object is not known until  

an observer observes the state - therefor if the cat is in an enclosed box and the probability of some toxic substance escaping is 1/2, the cat is 1/2 dead and 1/2 alive until its actual state is observed by an external observer. An old saying "is the moon really there if no one is looking at it"

v
\( v = v1 + v2 + v3\)
five resistance of value 0.1ohm 2.0ohms 1.0 ohms and 0.9 ohms are connected in series calculate the value of
the combined resistance ​

Answers

Answer:

v

Explanation:

bv

True or false the majority of the mass of the milky way lies farther out than the sun's orbit?

Answers

The majority of the mass of the Milky Way lies farther out than the Sun's orbit. The statement is True.

This is because the Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, and the spiral arms contain most of the stars and gas. The Sun is located in one of the spiral arms, but it is not in the center of the galaxy.

The center of the galaxy is much more massive than the Sun's location, and it contains a supermassive black hole.

The Milky Way has a mass of about 1.5 trillion times the mass of the Sun. The Sun's orbit is about 25,000 light-years from the center of the galaxy.

The spiral arms extend out to about 50,000 light-years from the center of the galaxy. This means that the majority of the mass of the Milky Way lies farther out than the Sun's orbit.

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If a 20 g cannonball is shot from a 5 kg cannon with a velocity of 100
m/s, then the speed of recoil of the cannon is -0.4 m/s.
true or false?

Answers

Strange as it may seem, the statement in the question appears to be TRUE.  

-- Before the shot, neither the cannon nor the ball is moving, so their combined momentum is zero.  

-- Since momentum is conserved, we know immediately that their combined momentum AFTER the shot also has to be zero.

-- (20g is rather puny for a "cannonball" ... about the same weight as four nickels. But we'll take your word for it and just do the Math and the Physics.)

-- Momentum = (mass) x (velocity)

After the shot, the momentum of the cannonball is

(0.02 kg) x (100 m/s ==> that way)

Momentum of the ball = 2 kg-m/s ==> that way.

-- In order for both of them to add up to zero, the momentum of the cannon must be (2 kg-m/s this way <==) .

Momentum of cannon = (5 kg) x (V m/s this way <==)

2 kg-m/s this way <== = (5 kg) x (V m/s this way <==)

Divide each side by (5 kg):

V m/s  =  (2/5) m/s this way <==

Speed of recoil of the cannon = -- 0.4 m/s

give the relation of speed of sound with the density and temperature​

Answers

Answer:

The greater the density of a medium, the slower the speed of sound. This observation is analogous to the fact that the frequency of a simple harmonic motion is inversely proportional to m, the mass of the oscillating object.

Air molecules have more energy at higher temperatures, which means they vibrate faster. This allows the sound waves to also travel faster because they are propelled by collisions between the molecules

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