Lewis Mumford, one of the prominent historians of technology, once wrote that from late the Neolithic Era (roughly 2000 BCE), "right down to our own day, two technologies have recurrently existed side by side: one authoritarian, the other democratic, the first system-centered, immensely powerful, but inherently unstable, the other man-centered, relatively weak, but resourceful and durable." Langdon Winner uses this as his starting point to discuss the politics of technology and argues that technologies affect the "relative distribution of power, authority, and privilege." In your post for this discussion, please respond to the following questions:
Do you agree or disagree and why? Please give specifics to backup your assertions.
Do you think that artifacts, or technologies, have politics and are some these necessarily democratic or totalitarian?
Can you give any specific examples similar to the ones used by Winner; i.e., the tomato harvester and the bridges built by Robert Moses.
Answers
The relationship between technology and politics is complex and multifaceted. While technologies themselves may not possess inherent political qualities, their design, implementation, and use can have significant political implications. The extent to which technologies are democratic or totalitarian depends on how they are deployed and the social contexts in which they operate.
1. Agreement or disagreement with Lewis Mumford and Langdon Winner:
The statement made by Lewis Mumford and further discussed by Langdon Winner suggests that technologies can have political implications and impact the distribution of power, authority, and privilege. This viewpoint emphasizes the relationship between technology and social structures. Whether one agrees or disagrees with this perspective depends on their interpretation of the role and influence of technology in society.
Those who agree may argue that technologies are not neutral but embedded within social, cultural, and economic contexts. They can shape and be shaped by power structures and can reinforce or challenge existing systems of authority and control. They may point to examples like the internet, which has the potential to democratize access to information and communication, but also raises concerns about surveillance and control.
Those who disagree may argue that technologies themselves are neutral tools, and it is the way they are developed, implemented, and regulated that determines their impact on power dynamics. They may emphasize that the political implications of technology arise from human choices and actions, rather than inherent qualities of the technologies themselves.
2. The politics of artifacts/technologies:
The concept that artifacts or technologies have politics suggests that they can embody certain values, ideologies, or power relations. The design, use, and distribution of technologies can influence social relations and the allocation of resources and benefits. Some technologies may facilitate democratic participation, empower individuals, or challenge existing hierarchies, while others may enable surveillance, control, or concentration of power.
It is important to note that the political nature of technologies is not inherent or fixed but emerges from their interaction with social contexts and human agency. Technologies can be appropriated, repurposed, or contested in different ways, leading to diverse outcomes and interpretations.
3. Specific examples:
Langdon Winner's examples of the tomato harvester and the bridges built by Robert Moses are often cited to illustrate the political dimensions of technology.
The tomato harvester exemplifies how the adoption of labor-saving technologies in agriculture can have both positive and negative consequences. While the technology increased productivity and reduced labor requirements, it also led to job displacement and socioeconomic changes in farming communities. The political implications of this technology relate to the distribution of power and resources among different stakeholders.
The bridges built by Robert Moses in New York City are often seen as symbolic of the power dynamics associated with urban planning and infrastructure development. Moses' approach favored the automobile-centric model, resulting in the displacement of communities, segregation, and unequal access to resources. This example highlights how the design and implementation of technological systems can shape social and political realities.
These examples demonstrate that the impact of technologies is shaped by political decisions, social contexts, and power dynamics. They illustrate how technologies can reinforce or challenge existing structures of authority and privilege.
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Related Questions
Elly &Frank Valdez are thinking about buying a new house and financing it
through their bank. If they get approved, what type of loan will it most likely
be?
A. Installment credit
B. Single payment loan
C. Revolving credit
D. Multipayment loan
Answers
Answer: A.) Installment Credit
Explanation: Subject to approval, the loan afforded to Elly and Frank Valdez by their bank will most likely be an installment credit. The installment credit is a type of loan which requires the loanee to repay a fixed amount which has been borrowed at a regular scheduled amount over an agreed period of time. The loan period may vary depending on the agreement and amount of initial loan, and the repayment schedule also needs to be stated as maybe monthly, bimonthly, quartely and so on.
Answer:
Installment Credit
Explanation:
AP3X
3. ______ are defined as goods or services that are required for health and safety.
Answers
Occupational Health and Safety are defined as goods or services that are required for health and safety. Information standards are guidelines governing the information that must be provided to consumers when they purchase specific goods.
What is the safety of goods?A safe product is one that delivers either no risk or a minimum tolerable level of risk, taking into account the product's typical or reasonably foreseeable use and the need to maintain a high level of consumer protection.
Occupational health and safety is a multidisciplinary discipline that deals with all elements of workplace health and safety, with a heavy emphasis on preventing workplace dangers.
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The field of accounting that focuses on providing information for external decision makers is:.
Answers
The field of accounting that focuses on providing information for external decision makers is Managerial accounting. This is further explained below.
What is Managerial Accounting?Generally, Information for external decision-makers is the primary emphasis of managerial accounting. For investment decisions, stockholders rely heavily on management accounting data.
In conclusion, Managerial accounting is a branch of accounting that specializes in the dissemination of economic data to external decision-makers.
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Waste on the production line will result in an unfavorable materials quantity variance.
a. true
b. false
Answers
true Waste on the production line will result in an unfavorable materials quantity variance .
In cost accounting and variance analysis, the materials quantity variance is a measure of the difference between the actual quantity of materials used in production and the standard quantity expected for the level of output achieved. The variance helps assess the efficiency of material usage.If there is waste on the production line, it means that more materials were used than what was standard or expected for the output produced. This results in an unfavorable materials quantity variance because it indicates that more materials were consumed than planned, leading to higher costs than anticipated.In variance analysis, an unfavorable variance means that actual results are worse than the standard or expected results.
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the statistical model that allows insurance companies to estimate losses is called
Answers
The statistical model that allows insurance companies to estimate losses is called the actuarial model.What is an actuarial model? Actuarial models are statistical models that help actuaries, the insurance and financial sector professionals who assess risks, manage risk and financial uncertainty.
Actuarial models are used by insurance companies to estimate losses on policies. Actuarial models take into account the probability of various events such as accidents, death, illness, and damage to property. The insurance industry, which is driven by data and mathematics, uses actuarial models to identify, assess, and minimize risks, as well as to forecast and calculate long-term trends.
To summarize, the main answer to this question is that the statistical model that allows insurance companies to estimate losses is called the actuarial model, and the explanation of it is that actuarial models are used by insurance companies to estimate losses on policies, taking into account the probability of various events such as accidents, death, illness, and damage to property.
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Classifying assets liabilities and owners equity
1. Cash
2. Alice Jones, Capital
3. Prepaid insurance
4. Steward supply company (a creditor)
5. Supplies
6. Any amount owed
7. Owners capitol account
8. Anything owned
Answers
Liability - steward supply company, any amount owed,
Owners equity - Alice Jones, owners capital account
True or false: According to the equity theory, each worker develops a personal input-output ratio to compare his or her inputs with the inputs or rewards offered by the organization.
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
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Krishna is 56 years old; he has contributed to the CPP without interruption for over 30 years. While crossing the street, Krishna was struck by a bus and seriously injured. He is currently hospitalized and on life support and his doctors have informed Krishna's family that it is uncertain as to whether he will awaken from his coma. Assuming at the time of his accident, Krishna was entitled to a CPP retirement benefit of $660, the flat-rate disability amount is $496.36 per month and the maximum monthly disability benefit is $1362.30, how much of a disability benefit will Krishna receive under the CPP? a) 50 b) $865.94 C) $991.36 d) $1156.36
Answers
Option(A) is the correct answer. Krishna will receive a disability benefit of $660 under the CPP.
To determine the disability benefit that Krishna will receive under the CPP, we need to consider a few factors. First, let's calculate the disability benefit based on the provided information:
The flat-rate disability amount is $496.36 per month.
The maximum monthly disability benefit is $1362.30.
Krishna's entitlement to a CPP retirement benefit is $660 per month.
To calculate the disability benefit, we compare the retirement benefit to the flat-rate disability amount and the maximum monthly disability benefit:
The disability benefit will be the lesser of:
The retirement benefit ($660)The flat-rate disability amount ($496.36) plus the retirement benefit minus the flat-rate disability amount.Let's calculate the disability benefit based on the above formula:
Disability benefit = min(retirement benefit, flat-rate disability amount + retirement benefit - flat-rate disability amount)
= min($660, $496.36 + $660 - $496.36)
= min($660, $660)
= $660
Therefore, Krishna will receive a disability benefit of $660 under the CPP.
Option (a) 50, option (b) $865.94, option (c) $991.36, and option (d) $1156.36 are not correct based on the given information. The correct answer is that Krishna will receive a disability benefit of $660 under the CPP.
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Krishna is 56 years old; he has contributed to the CPP without interruption for over 30 years. While crossing the street, Krishna was struck by a bus and seriously injured. He is currently hospitalized and on life support and his doctors have informed Krishna's family that it is uncertain as to whether he will awaken from his coma. Assuming at the time of his accident, Krishna was entitled to a CPP retirement benefit of $660, the flat-rate disability amount is $496.36 per month and the maximum monthly disability benefit is $1362.30, how much of a disability benefit will Krishna receive under the CPP? a) $660 b) $865.94 C) $991.36 d) $1156.36
Which conclusion does this graph most support?
Product A
100
75
Demand
Product B
50
25
0
$10
$20
$25
$15
Price
O A. Demand for product A is more inelastic than demand for product
B.
B. The price for product A is closer to its equilibrium price.
C. Demand for product A is more elastic than demand for product B.
D. The price for product B is closer to its equilibrium price.
Answers
Demand for product A is more elastic than demand for product B is the conclusion does this graph most support. Hence, option A is correct.
What is elasticity of demand?A demand that is elastic experiences a significant shift in quantity demanded as a result of a price adjustment. When the amount sought changes little as a result of a price adjustment, the demand is said to be inelastic.
Example if the price of the tea change, the consumption of the tea remains the same or little less.
Thus, option A is correct.
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free stuff rAHEISZgohndkbjaf
Answers
Answer:
What do you mean?
Explanation:
Answer:
thx for the points
Explanation:
In your budgeting process, when should you look at recurring expenses?
after considering entertainment expenses
after your wants but before your needs
before looking at your needs
before reviewing your wants
Answers
Answer:
before reviewing your wants
Explanation:
Once the needs are accounted for, it is time to check those recurring expenses that are not considered essential, like home deliveries, internet purchases, and so on, and this check needs to be made before rewiewing your wants, which is the least essential expense category, and thus, the one that can be forgone in case your budget is not enough for it.
One of the requirements of an enforceable lease is that both parties are bound to the terms of the lease. This is called ______.
Answers
The scenario where both parties are bound to the terms of the lease illustrates a contract.
What is a lease?A lease simply means a contractual agreement that calls for the user of a property or asset to pay the owner.
In this case, a requirement of an enforceable lease is that both parties are bound to the terms of the lease and this is termed the contract of the lease.
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Steve wants access to the money he earned last summer while he’s away at college. Which type of financial asset would be most useful to meet his needs?
Answers
Steve, like many college students, may find himself in need of quick and easy access to his funds from time to time. While traditional savings accounts and checking accounts can provide this accessibility, they may not be the most advantageous financial asset for Steve's needs. Instead, Steve may want to consider a more flexible and liquid financial asset that allows him to access his funds at any time without penalties or restrictions. One such financial asset is a money market account.
A money market account is a type of savings account that offers higher interest rates than traditional savings accounts while still providing accessibility to the funds. Money market accounts typically have higher minimum balance requirements than traditional savings accounts, but they also come with the added benefit of check-writing capabilities. This feature allows Steve to easily withdraw his funds as needed, making it a useful financial asset for his situation.
In summary, a money market account would be the most useful financial asset for Steve's needs as a college student who wants quick and easy access to his earnings from last summer. It provides both flexibility and accessibility, making it a practical choice for someone who may need to withdraw funds at any time.
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Which of the following choices incur speculative risk?
a.stocks
b.fire insurance on a house
c.options
d.life insurance
e.high interest savings account
Answers
Answer: correct option is A.
Explanation: A speculative risk can be defined as risk that is taken willingly either it results in profit or loss and the stocks involve in probability of gain and loss making it a speculative risk.
Stocks incur speculative risk. Therefore option A is correct.
What are Stocks?A stock usually referred to as equity, is a type of investment that denotes ownership in a portion of the issuing company. Shares, also known as units of stock, entitle their owners to a share of the company's assets and income in proportion to the number of shares they possess.
Common stock and preferred stock are the two primary categories of stocks.
Owners of common stock are entitled to dividends and the right to vote at shareholder meetings.
Common stockholders often do not have voting rights, while preferred stockholders typically get dividend payments ahead of time and are given preference over common investors in the event of a firm bankruptcy and asset liquidation.
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Who owns the TD bank? Is it the government?
Answers
Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs.
Match the method of exchanging information with its description.
IM
blog
message board
wiki
facilitates discussion and polls
arrowRight
enables only the author to exclusively post and edit articles
arrowRight
enables any number of users to publish and edit content
arrowRight
provides a platform for real-time communication
arrowRight
Answers
IM (Instant Messaging): provides a platform for real-time communication, allowing users to exchange messages and have conversations in real-time.
Blog: provides enables only the author to exclusively communication post and edit articles, typically on a specific topic or theme. Blog posts are usually displayed in reverse chronological order.
Message Board: facilitates discussion and polls among a group of users who share a common interest. Provides users can post messages, communication ask questions, and respond to each other's posts.
Wiki: enables any number of users to publish and edit content collaboratively, often provides on a specific topic or theme. Wikis are designed to promote collaboration and knowledge-sharing among a group of users.
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what tool involves assessing the probability or relative frequency of an event against the aggregate severity of the loss? A. Risk mapping B. Activity-sistem maps
Answers
Analyzing the likelihood or frequency of an event in relation to the total magnitude of the loss is done using a risk mapping tool.
The required details for risk mapping in given paragraph
Risk mapping is a method for displaying the risks connected to a company, project, or other system in a way that helps you better understand them, including what risks are crucial and which ones are not, as well as if the overall risk picture is complete. Risk mapping is primarily qualitative, and its advantages include improving your comprehension of the risk profile and your ability to communicate it, forcing you to think through the nature and implications of the risks that have been identified with rigor.
Improving your risk models by creating an intermediary link between the risk register and the model, and improving your risk register by basing it on the model.
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In general, progressives differed from labor and farm advocates because the progressives:________
Answers
In general, progressives differed from labor and farm advocates because the progressives were mostly middle-class urban reformers.
What are progressives?
Progressives advocate for increased social and economic equality as well as advancement in feminism and homosexual rights. They also support government-run social programs, and they want social movements to have more influence in the US.
What philosophies did Progressives hold?
Progressives were those who supported the notion of human advancement and the virtues of democracy. They believed that society should be built on the idea of human rights and that it is the responsibility of the state to ensure the wellbeing of its citizens.
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which of the following is also known as “the grapevine”
a. upward communication
b. downward communication
c. formal communication
d. informal communication
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Among the following options, Option (D) Informal communication is correct. Reason is stated below
Informal communication is also known as grapevine communication. The grapevine communication moves upward, downward, and diagonally in all directions.
Informal communication is unrecognized as it exists between group of people or between two individuals. as there is no direction of the communication it is also reffered as grapevine communication.
This form of communication exists because of the co-existence of people which can benefit the organization.
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global goodness foods has two divisions of equal size: a snack food division and a beverage division. the company's cfo believes that stand-alone snack food companies typically have a wacc of 8%, while stand-alone beverage producers typically have a 12% wacc. he also believes that the snack food and beverage divisions have the same risk as their typical peers; consequently, the cfo estimates that the composite, or corporate, wacc is 10%. a consultant has suggested using an 8% hurdle rate for the snack food division and a 12% hurdle rate for the beverage division. however, the cfo disagrees, and he has assigned a 10% wacc to all projects in both divisions. which of the following statements is correct? a. the decision not to adjust for risk means, in effect, that it is favoring the snack food division. therefore, that division is likely to become a larger part of the consolidated company over time. b. the decision not to risk-adjust means that the company will accept too many projects in
Answers
The correct statement is "The decision not to adjust for risk means, in effect, that it is favoring the snack food division. Therefore, that division is likely to become a larger part of the consolidated company over time.". Option A is correct.
By assigning the same 10% WACC to both divisions, the CFO is not accounting for the differences in risk between snack food and beverage businesses. As a result, projects in the beverage division, which typically have a higher WACC, will appear more attractive than they actually are, leading to an increased acceptance of risky projects in that division.
On the other hand, the snack food division's projects, which typically have a lower WACC, will appear less attractive, causing potentially profitable opportunities to be overlooked. Over time, this imbalance will erode the company's intrinsic value.
Option A holds true.
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What must be shown to prove negligence that is not needed to prove strict
liability?
A. Injury
B. Fault
C. Stream of commerce
D. Defective product
Answers
Answer:
A. Injury
Explanation:
Given that for strict liability, the defendant is only liable to accidents he or she causes, that is to prove strict liability, the plaintiff must show
cause and damages. Whereas on negligence, it is required of a plaintiff to show duty, breach, cause, and injuries.
Hence, what must be shown to prove negligence that is not needed to prove strict is "Injury" as it covers a lot of factors including both cause and damages of strict liability.
Answer:
A.P.E.X is D
Explanation:
Assuming you’re not able to change things about yourself, personally, how can you reduce the amount you pay for health insurance premiums?
Answers
When a person is unable to alter the personal circumstances, he can lower the amount to pay for health insurance premiums under the Personal disability income insurance payments, which is exempt in hands of a person.
What is the Health insurance?The health insurance is also known as medical insurance covers all or a portion of the risk associated with a person needing medical care. The risk is distributed among several people, just like with other kinds of insurance.
Health insurance is a variety of insurance that pays for unexpected medical costs brought on by a disease. These expenditures may be associated with the price of hospitalization, the price of medications, or the cost of medical visits.
Therefore, Under the Personal Disability Income Insurance Payments, which are exempt in a person's hands, he can reduce the amount to pay for health insurance premiums when he is unable to change his personal circumstances.
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Timothy's company manufactures denim wear for young adults. He wants to understand how the trend is moving in this market. Which business
In his distribution value chain should he consult for the best market Intelligence regarding consumer preferences?
A. manufacturer
B. vendor
C. retailer
D. customer
E. distributor
Answers
Answer:
The actual answer is retailer
Explanation:
got it right on the test (plato user)
Money needed to expand for additional inventory, equipment, marketing cost, employees, etc. is known as which of the following? Competitive risk Market analysis Marketing Expansion capital
Answers
Answer:
Expansion capital
Explanation:
Expansion capital can be defined as the money that a company uses to expand itself and business. Expansion capital is always included in company balance sheets. Expansion capital is also known as growth capital.
Expansion or growth money usually covers additional inventory, equipment, marketing cost, employees, etc as seen in the question.
Cheers.
d) Identify and explain two reasons why accurate market research
information should be accurate
Answers
Answer:
When businesses are deciding how to develop their products and services, they undertake market research. Market research can either be done by the company itself or taken from elsewhere. Having reliable market research data is essential. Basing decisions on unreliable research can be very costly to a business. For research to be reliable, it must have a high level of validity. This means that the facts and evidence gathered are accurate.
Two reasons why market research should be accurate:
Business Risks: Regular market research will be your way to check in with your current customers and potential customers to ensure that you’re still meeting their needs. If it is accurate business risks are reduced but if inaccurate, it could lead to the crash of your business.
Decision-making: The need for and importance of marketing research frequently comes up when making tough business decisions. Instead of having arbitrary criteria for the decisions you make as a business owner, you can always go back to your market research report. Based on that report, will this decision lead to more customers? Will you be able to reach more people who are likely to buy from you? Will it be clear to them that your business can meet their needs? With an accurate market research, the business can make properly informed decisions but with inaccurate market research, the business will be making unwise decisions
What is something that will not help you get a higher credit limit?
A: Paying off the balance of the credit card each month
B: Asking the banking company for a higher limit on your credit card
C: Maxing out the credit card and only making the minimum payment each month
D: Making more money at your job (More personal income)
Answers
Maxing out the credit card and only making the minimum payment each month is something that will not help you get a higher credit limit. A credit limit is the most money you are permitted to spend on a credit card or line of credit by a lender.
If a credit card company grants you a credit limit of $2,500, that is the most you may ever have charged to the card payment . If you charge $1,900 to your card, you will have $600 left over that you can use without paying a fee or being restricted from using the card limit further.
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Anna and Alex work at the local movie theater. Anna is always complaining about the working conditions at the theater, the long hours, and about most of the people that they have to work with. Although Alex does not approve of Anna's ongoing complaints and wants to tell Anna to quit, he does not. He lets her talk while he
concentrates on his duties. Which of the following traits is Alex demonstrating:
A. Interest and enthusiasm
B. Assertiveness
C. Self-control
D. Adaptability
Answers
Alex is shοwing οptiοn c) self-cοntrοl by nοt respοnding impulsively tο Anna's cοmplaints, even thοugh he disagrees with them.
What are cοmplaints?Cοmplaints are expressiοns οf dissatisfactiοn, displeasure, οr criticism regarding a prοduct, service, persοn, οr situatiοn. They can be made verbally, in writing, οr οnline and can range frοm minοr issues tο seriοus grievances. Cοmplaints are οften made tο seek resοlutiοn, redress, οr cοmpensatiοn fοr the perceived prοblem.
They can alsο serve as feedback fοr businesses οr οrganizatiοns tο imprοve their prοducts οr services. Cοmplaints can be handled thrοugh variοus means, such as custοmer service representatives, cοmplaint hοtlines, οnline fοrms, οr legal channels. Addressing cοmplaints in a timely and effective manner can help tο maintain pοsitive relatiοnships between businesses and custοmers and prevent negative publicity.
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Owen is offered a contract to join a professional basketball team. He accepts their offer. What is TRUE about this acceptance?
A. Owen has offered his new team a consideration.
B. Owen has given his team power of attorney
C. Owen has now agreed to a living will,
D.Owen has participated in the concurrence of wills.
Answers
The truth about the acceptance of this scholarship from Owen is that Owen has participated in the concurrence of wills.
What is the concurrence of wills?
When we use this term, what is being said is that both parties involved in the contract have the same will or agreement.
This can be said that Owen and the team have the same will by getting to the same agreement.
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What can be said about the culture of services?
I. Processes are invisible
II. Processes are well defined
III. More scientific
IV. Not well defined or documented
A. I, II, and III only
B. I, II, and IV only
C. II, III, and IV only
D. All of the above
Answers
In the service culture, processes are invisible and procedures are not well defined or documented. This culture is focused on customer service, to provide the best experience.
Therefore, processes are invisible, that is, the customer is not able to identify internal processes if they are not useful, but they must perceive the service as a mystery where all their needs are promptly met.
In the service culture, this is also not well defined or documented, so as not to create standardization of the service, but a personalized service that meets the needs of each customer individually.
Therefore, in the service culture, the focus is on offering the best experience for the customer, through the creation of value, excellent service and employees capable of satisfying their needs.
The service culture is capable of generating greater competitiveness, customer loyalty and positioning for a company.
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What must be done if a transaction increases the left side of the accounting equation?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Neje