most fungi have cell walls composed of ______________.

The virus infections happens when a virus gets past the physical barriers of the body (skin, mucus, and so on) and infect a suitable cell, the virus take the genetic machinery of the host cell to replicate, damaging that cell and making more virus that will do the same process with other suitable cells. After the virus use all the cell potential, it will kill the cell and release all the virus that were in the cytoplasm of the host. While bacterial infections have more autonomy, being not necessary the integral machinery of the cell to multiply in the host body, it can act in differrebt ways, such as: crowd out the host tissue and disrupt the function, killing the cells or tissues outright, destroy the metabolic machinery, cause a massive toxic reaction in the immune system, and release toxins that can make the body stop all their functions at once (paralyze the metabolic and general system of the host).

Several nonhuman primates, like humans, also live in large groups and exhibit social-behavior patterns such grooming, imitative and cooperative foraging. Option 1, 2 are true and 3,4 are false.

This is specialized affiliative relationships, ritualized courting and mating behavior, and competitive interactions governed by social dominance. Sex-related factors are assumed to have an impact on inter-individual interactions, which can happen (1) between females and (2) between men.

True with Regards to Primate Social Behavior: 1. Evolution has an impact on primate social behavior.

2. Those that exhibit behaviors favored by natural selection pass on their genes to succeeding generations.

False About the Social Behavior of Primates:

3. Social skills that improve reproductive fitness are often learnt rather than innate.

4. Natural selection favors actions that only increase chances of surviving.

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Correct Question:

Identify all the statements that are true regarding the main theory of primate social behavior. Options:

1. Primate social behavior is influenced by evolution.

2. Genes of individuals who engage in behaviors favored by natural selection are passed from one generation to the next.

3. Social behaviors that enhance reproductive fitness are generally natural instincts rather than learned.

4. Behaviors that only enhance survival are favored by natural selection.

The left-hand side of a chemical equation represents the reactants and the right-hand side represents the products.

A chemical reaction equation shows that starting compound is the reactants on the left and the final compound(s) is the products which is on  the right, and separated by an arrow.

For a chemical reaction to be balanced number of atom on each element and total charge has to be same in both the sides . Chemical reaction is classified into three basic parts reactant , product and yield and are separated by a an arrow . Reactant are the compound that goes for a reaction and under goes chemical changes .

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This is true if a psychoactive substance that is addictive stops the brain's regular synthesis of this hormone and neurotransmitter, preventing the user from feeling pleasure or exercising sound judgement.

The right answer is option b.

To the dopamine surges, the brain begins to adapt. Dopamine's effect on the reward circuit of a drug abuser's brain may afterwards become unusually low, which reduces their capacity to feel any pleasure.

Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter that has historically been linked to the addictive properties of drugs of abuse. It may also play a significant role in the neurobiological changes that underlie addiction.

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Sodium ions move inside the side during action potential.

- Action potentials (those electrical impulses that send signals around body) are nothing more than a temporary shift (from negative to positive) in the neuron's membrane potential caused by ions suddenly flowing in and out of the neuron.

- It consists of  phases:

-  An action potential propagates along the cell membrane of an axon until it reaches the terminal button.

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Sciophytes are plants that have evolved to survive in low-light environments.

What Effect Does Light Have on Plant Growth?

A plant's ability to survive depends entirely on the source of light. The sun is the only source of light for all outside plants. The plant will attempt to grow toward the light source when the first leaves appear so that the leaves can receive the most light possible for photosynthesis.

Think of a plant in your garden that receives some shade. Auxins, which are growth hormones, are secreted in that region of the stem when light shines on a particular component. These auxins enable the stem cells in that region to elongate, which forces the stem to grow in the direction of the sunlight.

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Lactose intolerance is a digestive problem that occurs when the body cannot digest lactose, which is a type of sugar found in milk and dairy products.

If you have lactose intolerance, you may experience symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain after consuming dairy products. To manage lactose intolerance, the following recommendations can be made: Switch to Lactose-Free or Reduced-Lactose Dairy Products: Lactose-free and reduced-lactose dairy products are available in most grocery stores. These products are prepared by adding lactase to milk, which helps to break down lactose. Therefore, lactose-free and reduced-lactose dairy products are easier to digest and can be a good alternative for people with lactose intolerance.

Eat Small Portions of Dairy Products: Consuming small amounts of dairy products at a time may help reduce the symptoms of lactose intolerance. Try having small servings of dairy products spread throughout the day, rather than consuming a large portion all at once. Try Probiotics: Probiotics can help promote the growth of healthy gut bacteria and aid in digestion. Taking probiotic supplements or consuming probiotic-rich foods such as yogurt may help alleviate the symptoms of lactose intolerance. In summary, people with lactose intolerance can manage their symptoms by switching to lactose-free or reduced-lactose dairy products, avoiding certain foods, consuming small portions of dairy products, and trying probiotics.

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Sheltering proteins extend telomeres. The correct answer is option B, extend telomeres.

Sheltering proteins are a group of six proteins that bind to the ends of chromosomes, called telomeres. These proteins are involved in the regulation of telomere length and protect the chromosome from being damaged.

The protection of telomeres from damage is important because damaged telomeres can lead to mutations and contribute to the development of cancer.

In addition to their protective role, shelterin proteins also play a role in the regulation of telomere length. These proteins help to prevent the shortening of telomeres that occurs during cell division.

Telomere shortening is a natural process that occurs as cells divide, but it can be accelerated by certain environmental factors such as stress, smoking, and poor nutrition.

By preventing telomere shortening, sheltering proteins help to ensure that cells are able to continue dividing and performing their normal functions.

Sheltering proteins serve as a template for replication by binding to telomeres, they are responsible for protecting telomeres from being recognized as DNA breaks, and they help to maintain the structure of the telomere.

The correct answer is option b.

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Answer:

ano na sya dai

daw lubid man na nga laba gapanahi ka?

Answer:

A. CENTRAL CANAL

B. WHITE MATTER

C. DORSAL HORN

D. LATERAL HORN

E. VENTRAL ROOT OF SPINAL NERVE

F. SPINAL NERVE

G. DORSAL ROOT GANGLION

H. DORSAL RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE

I. VENTRAL RAMUS OF SPINAL NERVE

I hope this helps!

Answer:

Human activities causes disturbance in the balance of the park ecosystem. Humans changed the balance of the park ecosystem by introducing an invasive species or by removing an organism which controls the equilibrium of the ecosystem. Destruction of habitat is also done by human activities which change the balance of the park ecosystem so we can conclude that human activities and intervention leads to disturbance and change in the balance of the park ecosystem.

Answer:

Toxic chemicals is a major cause of water pollution. In most cases, the toxic chemicals came from the residual from production process after companies done making their product

Explanation:

Her body will compensate for this imbalance, trying to get more oxygen from the environment, making her breathe harder for a balance between carbon dioxide and oxygen in the bloodstream.

When breathing is deficient, which can lead to hypoventilation, the transfer of CO2 to the outside is reduced and its concentration increases in the blood, decreasing blood pH. if a picture of acidosis.

With this information, we can conclude that her body will compensate for this imbalance, trying to get more oxygen from the environment, making her breathe harder for a balance between carbon dioxide and oxygen in the bloodstream.

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The tumor marker most commonly used to detect prostate cancer is Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA). PSA is a protein that is produced by the cells of the prostate gland. Elevated levels of PSA in the blood can indicate the presence of prostate cancer.

In order to measure PSA levels, a blood sample is taken from the patient and sent to a laboratory for analysis. The laboratory then tests the sample for levels of PSA in the blood. The higher the PSA level, the more likely it is that prostate cancer is present. The PSA test is not completely reliable as it can give false positive or false negative results. Other tests, such as a biopsy, may be required to confirm the diagnosis. It is important to note that high PSA levels do not always mean that prostate cancer is present, and a biopsy is always needed to confirm the diagnosis.

In conclusion, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) is the tumor marker most commonly used to detect prostate cancer. A blood sample is taken and sent to a laboratory for analysis, and higher PSA levels indicate the presence of prostate cancer. However, the PSA test is not completely reliable and other tests, such as a biopsy, may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

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Tapeworms have a life cycle in which proglottids are released in feces, farm animals become infected by consuming contaminated food or water, and humans become hosts again by consuming undercooked meat containing larvae. The correct answer to the question is: A. proglottids; larvae in undercooked meat.

The cestodes, also known as tapeworms, have a complex life cycle. In this life cycle, proglottids or segments of the tapeworm are released from the human host and passed out in feces. These proglottids contain fertilized eggs. The intermediate host, such as farm animals, can become infected by ingesting contaminated food or water that contains these eggs. Once inside the intermediate host, the eggs develop into larvae.

Humans can become hosts again by consuming undercooked meat that contains the mature worms. When a person consumes the undercooked meat, the larvae from the meat will develop into mature worms inside their intestines, completing the life cycle of the tapeworm.
The proglottids, containing the fertilized eggs, are released from the human host and passed out in feces. The intermediate host, such as farm animals, become infected by consuming contaminated food or water that contains these proglottids. Humans become hosts again by consuming undercooked meat that contains the larvae. The larvae then develop into mature worms in the human intestines.

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Answer:

Rods are responsible for vision at low light levels (scotopic vision). They do not mediate color vision, and have a low spatial acuity. Cones are active at higher light levels (photopic vision), are capable of color vision and are responsible for high spatial acuity. The central fovea is populated exclusively by cones.

Answer:

There are 3 types of cones which we will refer to as the short-wavelength sensitive cones, the middle-wavelength sensitive cones and the long-wavelength sensitive cones or S-cone, M-cones, and L-cones for short.

The light levels where both are operational are called mesopic.

Answer:

fruiting body is called cap

The mycelium is the fruiting body found above ground in fungi.

The pileus is the technical name for the cap, or cap-like part, of a basidiocarp or ascocarp (fungal fruiting body) that supports a spore-bearing surface, the hymenium.

A hypha is a long, branching, filamentous structure of a fungus, oomycete, or actinobacterium. In most fungi, hyphae are the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium.

A mycelium is a network of fungal threads or hyphae. Mycelia often grow underground but can also thrive in other places such as rotting tree trunks. A single spore can develop into a mycelium. The fruiting bodies of fungi, such as mushrooms, can sprout from a mycelium.

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True. An impermeable construct refers to a rigid mindset or belief system that is resistant to change. However, if the individual or group holding this construct realizes that it is hindering their growth and progress.

They can choose to discard it and adopt a more flexible and adaptable approach. This may require letting go of old habits, ideas, or values, but it can lead to positive transformation and personal development. While it may not be easy to discard an impermeable construct, it is possible with the right mindset and willingness to change. Therefore, it is true that an impermeable construct can be easily discarded if the individual or group is open to growth and change.

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Answer:

C. structural formula

Explanation:

thats the structural formula for carbon dioxide C2O

Answer: Energy Production

The primary role of carbohydrates is to supply energy to all cells in the body. Many cells prefer glucose as a source of energy versus other compounds like fatty acids. Some cells, such as red blood cells, are only able to produce cellular energy from glucose.

Explanation:

Answer:

Function of protein also temporarily changed.

Explanation:

If the structure of a specific organ protein is changed temporarily due to the local environment of protein, the function of the protein also changed temporarily because the structure of protein changed which does not allow suitable environment for the proper functioning of the protein so we can conclude that the function of the protein also temporarily changed.

The main advantage of a natural gas-burning power plant over an oil-burning power plant is less expensive.

A natural gas-burning plant is a plant that uses gas as fuel to move turbines and produce electricity.

The natural-gas-burning plants are contaminant but less expensive than other forms of energy.

In conclusion, the main advantage of a natural gas-burning power plant over an oil-burning power plant is less expensive.

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Answer:

D.

Explanation:

Animal cells have a cleavage furrow which will pinch the cytoplasm into two nearly equal parts. While plant cells have a cell plate that forms halfway between the divided nuclei.

Duplication of chromosomes occurs first during normal cell division.

During Interphase, DNA or chromosomes are duplicated.

Chromosome duplication takes place in the eukaryotic cell cycle's "S phase" (the phase of DNA synthesis) of Interphase, while chromosome segregation takes place in the "M phase" (the mitosis phase).

In meiosis, the chromosome duplicate (during interphase), and during the first division, known as meiosis I, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic information (chromosomal crossover). In meiosis II, the daughter cells divide once more, severing sister chromatids to create haploid gametes.

A united pair of identical sister chromatids make up each chromosome today. The sister chromatids split apart and go to the opposing ends of the dividing cell during mitosis. Two identical cells with 2N chromosomes and 2X DNA each emerge from mitosis.

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a) allows a vertical placement of the head on the vertebral column - Head

b) positions the body trunk's center of gravity above the pelvis - Neck

c) provides stability during standing, walking, and running - Pelvis

d) places feet under the center of gravity - Knee

e) absorbs shock - Foot

f) supports the body during walking and running - Big Toe

a) The head's vertical placement on the vertebral column allows for better balance and stability by positioning the skull directly above the spinal column. This alignment contributes to the overall balance of the body during locomotion.

b) The neck plays a vital role in maintaining the body trunk's center of gravity above the pelvis. This positioning helps to distribute weight evenly over the lower body, reducing stress on the joints and allowing for smoother motion during walking and running.

c) The pelvis is essential for providing stability during standing, walking, and running. Its broader and shorter shape in hominins contributes to a more stable base, helping to support the body's weight and maintain balance during various movements.

d) The knee is crucial for placing the feet under the center of gravity. The ability to fully extend the knee joint allows the legs to act as stable supports for the body, improving balance and reducing energy expenditure during locomotion.

e) The foot in hominins is adapted to absorb shock during bipedal locomotion. The arches in the foot provide a spring-like mechanism, dissipating the force generated by the body's impact on the ground and reducing stress on the skeletal system.

f) The big toe in hominins is essential for supporting the body during walking and running. The big toe's enlargement and alignment parallel to the other toes provide a more stable base for pushing off the ground, enhancing locomotion efficiency and stability.

The question was incomplete. Find the full content below:

The following functions support bipedal locomotion. Drag each one to the body part that facilitates that function.

a) allows a vertical placement of the head on the vertebral column

b) positions the body trunk's center of gravity above the pelvis

c) provides stability during standing, walking, and running

d) places feet under the center of gravity

e) absorbs shock

f) supports the body during walking and running

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A mouse somatic cell would contain 40X2=80 picograms of DNA if it has 40 picograms more DNA at g2 of interphase.

The smallest unit in biology that can sustain life on its own and tries to make up all living things as well as the body's tissues. The cellular membranes, the nucleus, as well as the cytoplasm are the three primary components of a cell. The cell membrane, that completely covers the cell, controls the chemicals that enter and exit the cell. A peer-reviewed scientific publication called Cell publishes research papers in a variety of life sciences fields. Cell was established by Benjamin Lewin in January 1974 under the auspices of MIT Press. After purchasing the book, he started Cell Press on his own in 1986. Lewin sold Cells Press to Elsevier in April 1999.

Epithelial cells are one type of cell. These Nerve Cells are closely bound to one another. Muscle cells, connective tissue cells, and all these cells were specialized for communication, contraction, and movement. Cells primarily serve as structural and supportive components. You are aware that bricks make up a house, Growth. The simple process of cell multiplication, transportation, energy production, metabolism, and reproduction allows tissues in complex creatures like humans to flourish.

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Answer:

Fontanelles

Explanation: