Answer: Your teacher is correct, although yes not every element has a charge of 0.
Explanation:
Atoms are electrically neutral because they contain equal quantities of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons. Electrons and protons have equal but opposite charges, so the result is no net charge.
what is a mixture of elements and compounds
The substance in the image above would be classified as a mixture of elements (option E).
What is a compound and mixture?A compound is a substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.
On the other hand, a mixture is made when two or more substances are combined, but they are not combined chemically.
According to this question, an image is shown with two different substances or elements as distinguished by coloration (white and purple). These elements are combined but not chemically bonded, hence, is a mixture.
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Describe the relationship between a boiling point and hydrogen bonds in a substance.
Hydrogen bonding between molecules(inter mlecular) is one such attractive force. ... In water because of the hydrogen bonding attraction between molecules greater energy is needed to separate them from against their inter molecular attraction, therefore higher boiling point.
The boiling points of molecules with hydrogen bonds will always be higher than those of molecules of similar size without an -O-H or -N-H group.
What is hydrogen bonding ?
When a hydrogen atom bonded to a strongly electronegative atom is in close proximity to another electronegative atom with a single pair of electrons, the hydrogen bond is an intermolecular force (IMF) that results in a unique type of dipole-dipole attraction. There are forces between molecules called IMFs. Dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces are two additional examples. While true covalent and ionic bonds are stronger than hydrogen bonds, dipole-dipole and dispersion forces are generally weaker.An organic molecule with an -OH group is called an alcohol. Hydrogen bonds can occur in any molecule that has a hydrogen atom directly attached to an oxygen or nitrogen. When hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, hydrogen bonds also occur, but other molecules lack the HF group. The molecules become as a result of the hydrogen bonding, requiring more heat (energy) to separate. The boiling point of various molecules, which is the temperature at which a phase change from liquid to gas takes place, can be examined using this phenomenon.The ethanol's hydrogen bonding has raised its boiling point by about 100°C. It is essential to comprehend that van der Waals attractions are not the only forms of hydrogen bonding. For instance, each of the molecules that follow has the same number of electrons, and the two that follow have chain lengths that are comparable. Because of the additional hydrogen bonds, the butan-1-ol has a higher boiling point.To know more about hydrogen bonding check this:
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lewis acids and bases are most closely with which process?
Answer:
Lewis acids and bases are most closely associated with ELECTRON TRANSFER. A Lewis acid is defined as as a chemical specie that can accept an electron pair from a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct while a Lewis base is defined as a specie which can donate an electron pair to a Lewis acid or an acceptor compound. Thus, Lewis base and acid has to do with electrons transfer.
Explanation:
Classify each property as physical or chemical.
a) the explosiveness of hydrogen gas
b) the bronze color or copper
c) the shiny appearance of silver
d) the ability of dry ice to sublime (change from solid directly to vapor)
a) The explosiveness of hydrogen gas is a chemical property.
b) The bronze color of copper is a physical property.
c) The shiny appearance of silver is a physical property.
d) The ability of dry ice to sublime (change from solid directly to vapor) is a physical property.
Chemical properties are properties that describe the behavior of a substance during a chemical reaction or a chemical change. Explosiveness of hydrogen gas is an example of a chemical property because it describes how hydrogen gas reacts with oxygen to form water and how the reaction releases a large amount of energy in the form of an explosion.
Physical properties, on the other hand, are properties that describe the characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the substance. Examples of physical properties include the color, texture, and melting point of a substance. The bronze color of copper and the shiny appearance of silver are both examples of physical properties.
The ability of dry ice to sublime (change from solid directly to vapor) is also a physical property because it describes a physical change that occurs when dry ice is heated or exposed to high pressure.
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Rank the following atoms according to decreasing first ionization energy. (i.e. 1 = highest and 4 = lowest)
Options are Al, P, Mg, K?
The decreasing order of ionization energy will be Mg >Al >P>K.
Ionization energy sometimes referred to as ionization potential, would be the amount of energy it takes to eliminate an electron from a single, isolated atom or molecule.
On moving top to bottom in the periodic table, ionization energy will decrease rapidly.
Al =13 (group 3)
P =15 (group 5)
Mg =12 (group 2)
K =19 (group 1)
The decreasing order of ionization energy will be Mg >Al >P>K.
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If+a+dialysis+bag+contained+a+4%+solution+and+was+dropped+into+a+beaker+that+contained+a+2%+solution,+what+would+you+expect+the+bag+to+do?
The bag with a 4% solution would be expected to undergo osmosis and absorb water from the 2% solution in the beaker.
When a solution with a higher concentration (4% in this case) is placed in a solution with a lower concentration (2%), osmosis occurs. Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a semipermeable membrane, such as the dialysis bag.
In this scenario, the bag containing the 4% solution has a higher solute concentration compared to the 2% solution in the beaker. As a result, water molecules from the 2% solution would tend to move across the semipermeable membrane of the dialysis bag to dilute the higher concentration inside the bag.
The movement of water into the bag would cause it to expand and potentially increase in size. The bag may appear swollen or filled with liquid as it absorbs water from the surrounding 2% solution.
This process of osmosis aims to equalize the solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane. As the water continues to flow into the bag, the solute concentration inside the bag decreases while the volume of the bag increases.
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The normal freezing point of water (H₂O) is 0. 00 °C and its K, value is 1. 86 °C/m. A nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte that dissolves in water is sucrose How many grams of sucrose, C12H22011 (342. 3 g/mo
The grams of sucrose is 0 g calculated by determining the molality of the solution.
To calculate the grams of sucrose, we first need to find the moles of sucrose. The molality of the solution can be found using the formula:
molality = (Kf value) x (temperature change).
In this case, the temperature change is 0 °C, so the molality is 0.
To find the moles of sucrose, we use the formula:
moles of solute = (molality) x (kg of solvent).
Since water is the solvent and its mass is not given, we can assume it to be 1 kg for simplicity.
Therefore, moles of sucrose = 0 x 1 = 0.
Finally, we can convert moles to grams using the molar mass of sucrose, which is 342.3 g/mol.
Thus, the grams of sucrose is 0 g.
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_____ is responsible for bringing gravity into modern science.
Isaac Newton
Galileo Galilei
Albert Einstein
help plz really need your help if u know answer if u don't DO NOT ANSWER this is not the first time I have posted this question
T eg(1) : 97.5°C, T eg(2): 98.5°C, T eg(3): 99.2°C
∆T water(1): -2.5°C, ∆T water(2): -1.5°C, ∆T water(3): -0.8°C
∆T metal(1): 77.5°C, ∆T metal(2): 80.5°C, ∆T metal(3): 80.2°C.
ft= (m1 cp1 t1 + m2 cp2 t2 + .... + mn cpn tn) / (m1 cp1 + m2 cp2 + .... + mn cpn) (1)
where,
1000g = 1kg
ft(t eg)= final mixed temperature (°C)
m = mass of substance (kg)
cp = specific heat of substance (J/kg°C)
t = temperature of substance (°C)
If 11 kJ of heat is transferred to 2300 g of soil at 21°C, what would the new temperature of the soil be?
Answer:
26.98°C
Explanation:
Applying,
Q = cm(t₂-t₁)................ Equation 1
Where Q = Heat transferred to the soil, c = specific heat capacity of dry soil, m = mass of the soil, t₂ = final temperature, t₁ = initial temperature.
From the question,
Given: Q = 11 kJ = 11000 J, m = 2300 g = 2.3 kg, t₁ = 21°C
Constant: c = 800 J/kg.°C
Substitute these values into equation 1
11000 = 800×2.3(t₂-21)
Solving for t₂
t₂-21 = 11000/(800×2.3)
t₂-21 = 11000/1840
t₂-21 = 5.98
t₂ = 5.98+21
t₂ = 26.98°C
An E. coli merodiploid has the following genotype:
lacl+ laco* lacZ+ lacy lacA+ / F' lac laco lacZ lacy+ lacA+
What is this strain's phenotype in the absence (-) or presence (+) of IPTG? A.- IPTG: LacZ+ LacY- LacA+
+ IPTG: LacZ+ LacY- LacA+ B. - IPTG: LacZ- LacY+ LacA+
+ IPTG: LacZ- LacY+ LacA+ C.- IPTG: LacZ- LacY+ LacA+
+ IPTG: LacZ- LacY+ LacA+ D.- IPTG: LacZ+ LacY- LacA+
+ IPTG: LacZ+ LacY+ LacA+ E. IPTG: LacZ- LacY+ LacA+ -
+ IPTG: LacZ+ LacY+ LacA+
Since there are mutations in the lacZ and lacY genes (lacz- and lacy-), only the LacA protein, encoded by the laca+ allele, is functional. Therefore, the phenotype is Lacz- LacY+ LacA+.
Based on the given genotype, the phenotype of the E. coli merodiploid strain in the absence (-) or presence (+) of IPTG can be determined as follows:
IPTG: Lacz- LacY- LacA+
IPTG: Lacz- LacY+ LacA+
In the absence of IPTG, the lac operon is not induced, and the lac repressor protein encoded by the lacl° allele is non-functional. Therefore, it cannot bind to the operator region, allowing the transcription of lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes. However, since there are mutations in the lacZ and lacY genes (lacz- and lacy-), the LacZ and LacY proteins are not produced. The LacA protein, encoded by the laca+ allele, is functional, resulting in the phenotype Lacz- LacY- LacA+.
IPTG: Lacz- LacY+ LacA+
In the presence of IPTG, IPTG acts as an inducer of the lac operon. It binds to the repressor protein encoded by the lacl° allele, causing a conformational change that prevents it from binding to the operator. This allows transcription of the lacZ, lacY, and lacA genes. However, since there are mutations in the lacZ and lacY genes (lacz- and lacy-), only the LacA protein, encoded by the laca+ allele, is functional. Therefore, the phenotype is Lacz- LacY+ LacA+.
So, the correct answer is A. - IPTG: Lacz- LacY- LacA+
IPTG: Lacz- LacY+ LacA+.
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If a chemical reaction resulted in the breakdown of a molecule, this reaction would best be described as
The breakdown of a molecule resulting from a chemical reaction can be described as chemical decomposition. In this process, the molecule undergoes a transformation that leads to its fragmentation into simpler substances.
Chemical decomposition occurs when bonds within the molecule are broken, leading to the formation of new products. This reaction can be initiated by various factors such as heat, light, or the presence of catalysts. The breakdown may involve different types of reactions, including hydrolysis, oxidation, or thermal decomposition.
During chemical decomposition, the original molecule is transformed into one or more smaller molecules, atoms, or ions. This reaction is essential in various biological, industrial, and environmental processes. Understanding the mechanisms and factors that influence chemical decomposition is crucial for studying the behavior of substances and developing practical applications in fields such as chemistry, biology, and materials science.
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Classify each property as physical or chemical.
a) the tendency of copper to turn green when exposed to air
b) the tendency of automobile paint to dull over time
c) the tendency of gasoline to evaporate quickly when spilled
d) the low mass (for a given volume) of aluminum relative to other metals.
a) Chemical property
b) Physical property
c) Physical property
d) Physical property
a) The tendency of copper to turn green when exposed to air is a chemical property because it involves a change in the chemical composition of the copper due to a chemical reaction with oxygen in the air.
When copper is exposed to air, it reacts with oxygen and forms a layer of copper oxide on its surface. Over time, this layer of copper oxide can further react with carbon dioxide and moisture in the air to form a green patina known as copper carbonate. The patina not only changes the appearance of copper, but it also protects the underlying metal from further oxidation and corrosion.
The green patina formed on copper has been used for decorative purposes in architecture, sculpture, and art for centuries. It is also commonly seen on copper roofs, statues, and other outdoor copper fixtures.
b) Automobile paint is typically composed of a clear coat layer, a color coat layer, and a primer layer, all of which are designed to protect the underlying metal from corrosion and provide a decorative finish. However, when exposed to oxygen and ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, the molecules in the paint can break down and react with the air, causing the paint to lose its gloss and become dull.
The UV radiation from the sun causes the paint to oxidize, which leads to the formation of tiny cracks and pits in the paint's surface. These cracks and pits scatter the light that falls on the paint, giving it a cloudy and dull appearance. Additionally, exposure to pollutants and contaminants, such as dirt, dust, and salt, can accelerate the oxidation process and further damage the paint.
c) Gasoline is a mixture of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms. The hydrocarbons in gasoline have relatively low boiling points, which means that they can easily evaporate into the air. When gasoline is spilled, the hydrocarbons in the liquid begin to vaporize, turning into a gas and escaping into the surrounding air.
The rate at which gasoline evaporates depends on a number of factors, including temperature, humidity, and air flow. In warm, dry conditions with good air flow, gasoline can evaporate quickly, sometimes within minutes. In cooler, more humid conditions with less air flow, evaporation may be slower.
d) Aluminum has a relatively low mass for a given volume compared to other metals due to its low density. The density of aluminum is about one third that of steel, which is a common structural metal. This low density is due to the atomic structure of aluminum, which has a relatively low atomic mass compared to many other metals.
Aluminum has an atomic number of 13, which means it has 13 protons in its nucleus. This gives it a relatively low atomic mass compared to metals like iron, copper, and zinc. In addition, aluminum has a face-centered cubic crystal structure, which allows its atoms to be packed closely together without creating a lot of empty space. This results in a material with a relatively low density, even though it is a metal.
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_____ is a direct, quantitative, volumetric technique, where a solution of a known concentration is added to a solution of an unknown concentration until the equivalence point is reached.
Titration is a direct, quantitative, volumetric technique, where a solution of a known concentration is added to a solution of an unknown concentration until the equivalence point is reached.
In titration, a solution of a known concentration, called the titrant, is gradually added to a solution of an unknown concentration, called the analyte. The titrant is usually added from a burette, and the volume of titrant required to reach the equivalence point is measured.
The equivalence point is the point at which the stoichiometrically equivalent amounts of titrant and analyte have reacted. It is typically indicated by a noticeable change in color or pH, depending on the nature of the reaction.
By determining the volume of titrant required to reach the equivalence point, the concentration of the unknown solution can be calculated using the known concentration of the titrant and the stoichiometry of the reaction.
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Hydrogen gas is collected over water at a total pressure of 95.0kPa. The volume of gas collected is 28.0mL at 25.0˚C. Determine the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas if the water vapor pressure is 3.17kPa.
GAS LAW:
Given:
Unknown:
Formula:
Solution:
The partial pressure of the hydrogen gas, if the water vapor pressure is 3.17kPa is 91.83 kPa.
What is Dalton's law of gas?Dalton's law of gas states that total pressure of the mixture of gas is equal to the sun of the partial pressure of the individual gas.
Given that,
Total pressure of hydrogen gas = 95 kPa
Partial pressure of water vapor = 3.17 kPa
Partial pressure of hydrogen gas will be calculated as:
Partial pressure = 95 - 3.17 = 91.83 kPa
Hence required partial pressure is 91.83 kPa.
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T or F? The force of attraction between a positive and negative electric charge decreases quickly as the distance between them increases.
Situación 1: Cierto catión divalente posee 2 electrones en n=5. Además, su número de masa es igual a 118. Hallar lo siguiente:
1. Su distribución electrónica
2. Su número de neutrones
3. Protones más electrones
4. Sus posibles números cuánticos de su último electrón
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
El catión divalente descrito en la pregunta es \(Sn^{2+}\). Divalente significa que ha perdido dos electrones.
La distribución electrónica de \(Sn^{2+}\) es;
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10
El número másico de estaño es 118 y \(Sn^{2+}\) tiene 50 protones.
Por lo tanto, el número de masa de Sn =\(118 - 50 = 68 neutrones\)
El número de electrones es 49 y el número de protones es 50 en \(Sn^{2+}\)por tanto;
El número de electrones + protones = 99
El último electrón está en el orbital, 5s2, por lo que sus posibles números cuánticos son;
n = 5, l = 0, m = 0, s = ±1/2
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Sam used 38 quarts of paint for the outside of the barn and he used 26 quarts for the inside of the barn. How many gallons of paint did sam use to paint the entire barn?
Answer:
Sam used 16 gallons of paint to paint the entire barn.
Explanation:
1 quart = 0.25 of gallon
38 + 26 = 64
64 / 0.25 = 16
16 gallons.
Given the pKa’s for H2CO3: pKa1 = 6.35; pKa2=10.33, what is the pKb1 of CO32- (Kb1 is the equilibrium constant of the reaction: CO32- + H2O ⇌ HCO3- + OH-)?
(A) 14.00
(B) 10.33
(C) 3.67
To determine the pKb1 of CO32-, we can use the relationship between pKa and pKb for conjugate acid-base pairs:
pKa + pKb = pKw
where pKw is the ionization constant of water, which is approximately 14. Therefore, we can rearrange the equation to solve for pKb:
The pKb value represents the negative logarithm of the equilibrium constant (Kb) for the reaction of a base with water. In this case, we are interested in the equilibrium reaction between CO32- and water, which can be represented as CO32- + H2O ⇌ HCO3- + OH-.
By utilizing the relationship pKa + pKb = pKw, we can rearrange the equation to solve for pKb. Given that pKa1 of H2CO3 is 6.35, we subtract this value from pKw (approximately 14) to obtain pKb1
pKb = pKw - pKa
pKb1 = 14 - 6.35 = 7.65
Since none of the given answer choices matches the calculated value, it seems there might be an error or omission in the available options. Please double-check the answer choices provided or refer to additional information to obtain the correct pKb1 value for CO32-.
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4. The students predict that the reaction will release a lot of energy. What question could help
provide support for the prediction?
Take a reaction among lime water
\(\\ \rm\rightarrowtail CaO+H_2O=Ca(OH)_2\)
If it releases heat
The question must include
+Heat sign or ∆ symbol∆H must be +veAnswer:
hope it's helpful to you
Identify two sources of heat that melt rocks beneath Earth's surface.
Answer:
magma, melting
A weather report gives a current atmospheric pressure reading of 745.8 mm Hg. Express this reading in the following units: a. atmospheres b. torr c. kilopascals (kPa)
The atmospheric pressure of 745.8 mm Hg is slightly lower than the standard atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg. This is because the atmospheric pressure can vary depending on the weather conditions.
The conversion units to be used are:-
Atmospheres: 745.8 mm Hg / 760 mm Hg/atm = 0.981 atm
Torr: 745.8 mm Hg = 745.8 torr
Kilopascals (kPa): 745.8 mm Hg * 1.333224 kPa/mm Hg = 994.3 kPa
1 atmosphere (atm) is equal to 760 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or 101.325 kilopascals (kPa). A torr is a unit of pressure equal to one millimeter of mercury. For example, the atmospheric pressure is usually lower at high altitudes and during storms.
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In an alpine glacier, the ice flows down the slope of the underlying valley. continental glaciers do not have a sloped surface to flow down. what feature of a continental glacier facilitates its flow?
Continental glaciers are the ice that covers part of the continents. The flow of the glaciers is facilitated by the elevation levels from thick to thin areas.
What are Continental glaciers?Glaciers characterized by their presence on flat surfaces like the continent are called continental glaciers. They don't have a restricted movement like valleys and cover an area of the mountain. Compared to the valley or Alpine glaciers they are thicker and larger.
Unlike the Alpine glacier they don't flow down the slope but from the area of higher elevation to the lower elevation. It flows the glacier from thick deposition towards the thinner ice deposition.
Therefore, the flow of continental glaciers depends on elevation.
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what is Metallic bond
Answer:
Metallic bonds are bonds between metals. Metals lose their valence electrons holding the positive metal ions together due to the strong forces of attraction. [Electrons are negatively charged, so the positive metal ions and the electrons attract to each other]
Explain the process of photosynthesis. Be sure to include the inputs and outputs.
PLS HELP ASAP WILL GIVE 100 POINTS
Answer:
First of all, photosynthesis starts with the leaf taking in the carbon dioxide (\(CO^{2}\)) through a place called stoma which is usually find under of a leaf and absorbs water (H2O) from the roots and up to the stem and to the leaf.
Then in the chlorophyll (plant cells and stored in chloroplast, also making the leaf green colored) which is the place storing the energy of the sunlight which is also the energy to do photosynthesis.
Within the plant cell, the water is oxidized, meaning that it lost electrons while the carbon dioxide is reduced meaning it gain electron. It transform water into oxygen and carbon dioxide to gluecose.
Lastly, plants release the oxygen through the stoma again.
Here's the word equation: Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen + Water.
Here's the symbol equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Each solute in the table is mixed in a volume of 500 mL of water. Organize the solutions from least conductive to most conductive.
A)
4,2,1,3
B)
4, 1, 2, 3
C)
2, 4, 3,1
D)
1, 3, 4,2
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Answer:
B) 4,1,2,3
Explanation:
Did it on USA Test prep. :)
Reasons as to why the carbon electrodes require continual replacement
Answer:
Oxygen reacts with the carbon anode to form carbon dioxide. Therefore, the anode gradually oxidizes. They must be replaced frequently, which increases the cost of aluminum production.
Consider the following generic reaction for which k = 2. 54: 3 z q ⇄ 2 x what is the value of k for the following reaction: 4 x ⇄ 6 z 2 q.
The equilibrium constant of the second reaction is 0.155.
What is equilibrium constant?The equilibrium constant is a numerical value that shows the extent to which reactants are converted into products at a given temperature.
Now, we have the reaction; 3Z + Q ⇄ 2 X and 4 X ⇄ 6 Z + 2 Q.
In the first reaction;
K =[ X]^2/[Z]^3 Q
In the second reaction;
[Z]^6 [Q]^2/[X]^4
Let [ X]^2 = A
[Z]^3 Q = B
Then the second reaction can be;
K = (B)^2/(A)^2 = (B/A)^2
The equilibrium constant of the second reaction therefore is; (1/2.54)^2
K = 0.155
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for the electrochemical cell 2 al(s) 3 mn²⁺(aq) ⟶ 2 al³⁺(aq) 3 mn(s) (e° = 0.48 v, [al³⁺] = 1.0 m), what is the value of e when [ mn²⁺] = 0.050 m? assume t is 298 k
Thus the value of E is 0.441V.
How to find the cell potential?
To find the value of E when [Mn²⁺] = 0.050 M for the electrochemical cell 2 Al(s) + 3 Mn²⁺(aq) ⟶ 2 Al³⁺(aq) + 3 Mn(s) (E° = 0.48 V, [Al³⁺] = 1.0 M), we'll use the Nernst equation:
E = E° - (RT/nF) * ln(Q)
Where:
- E is the cell potential
- E° is the standard cell potential (0.48 V)
- R is the gas constant (8.314 J/(mol*K))
- T is the temperature in Kelvin (298 K)
- n is the number of electrons transferred (6, as 2 Al atoms each lose 3 electrons)
- F is Faraday's constant (96485 C/mol)
- Q is the reaction quotient
First, we'll calculate Q:
Q = ([Al³⁺]^2) / ([Mn²⁺]^3) = (1.0^2) / (0.050^3) =8000
Next, we'll plug the values into the Nernst equation:
E = 0.48 - (8.314 * 298) / (6 * 96485) * ln(Q)
= 0.441 V
Thus the value of E is 0.441V.
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Which food contains at least 100 mcg of folate per serving? one, some, or all responses may be correct.
One-half cup of black-eyed peas contains at least 100 mcg of folate per serving.
In infants and the women with poor folic acid intakes, the neural tube defects (NTDs), or failures in the closure of the neural tube are more common. For the normal formation of the spinal cord, proper closure of the neural tube is required.
Within the first month of gestation, the neural tube begins to close, often before a person realizes that she is pregnant.
Therefore, 0.4 mg of folic acid should be taken every day, while consuming dietary sources of folate, i.e. intake of folate rich diet/meal by all people who are capable of becoming pregnant.
One-half cup of black-eyed peas contains at least 100 mcg of folate. Ready-to-eat breakfast cereal contains 200 mcg of folate and a slice of bread contains 20 mcg, and not 100 mcg of folate. One-half cup of broccoli and a cup of pasta contain 50 mcg, not 100 mcg of folate.
Complete question is-
Which food contains at least 100 mcg of folate per serving? one, some, or all responses may be correct.
1. Bread
2. Broccoli
3. Cooked pasta
4. Black-eyed pasta
5. Ready-to-eat breakfast cereal
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