Please. My teacher never explained this

Answer:

There are six facets per thoracic vertebrae: two on the transverse processes and four demifacets—the facets of the transverse processes articulate with the tubercle of the associated rib. The demifacets are bilaterally paired and located on the superior and inferior posterolateral aspects of the vertebrae.

Explanation:

Each thoracic vertebra has six facets: two on the transverse processes and four demifacets, which articulate with the tubercle of the corresponding rib.

Thus, The superior and inferior posterolateral sides of the vertebrae each have a pair of demifacets that are bilaterally paired.

There are 12 bony thoracic vertebrae in the human thoracic spine. Transverse processes are the two paired processes that each thoracic vertebra has.

Numerous muscles and ligaments can attach to these transverse processes, which extend laterally on both sides of the spine. They are crucial in assisting in mobility and supporting the spine.

Thus, Each thoracic vertebra has six facets: two on the transverse processes and four demifacets, which articulate with the tubercle of the corresponding rib.

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Answer:

Carbohydrate is a big source of energy for all living organism on this planet.

Explanation:

The carbohydrate which is a macro-molecule is produced by the producer such as trees and shrubs etc in the process of photosynthesis. These carbohydrates transfer to the primary consumer such as monkey who eat these plants. When the secondary consumer such as jaguar  eat these primary consumer, this carbohydrate again transfer from one organism to another organism. This carbohydrate is a source of energy which is broken down in the stomach into glucose and this glucose is absorbed by the cells and releases energy by mitochondria in the form of ATP. This energy is used in various activities such as walking, running and breathing etc. Carbohydrate, proteins and fats are the examples of macro-molecules.

Answer:

hi

Explanation:

Using your answers from Part 2, trace the path that energy flows in the ecosystem. What evidence does this give you about where energy in an ecosystem comes from?

Answer:

The name is Atlas.

Answer: atlas

Explanation:

The C1 vertebrae is known as the atlas

Each single DNA strand codes for a specific protein, and the complementary strand has a different sequence that may code for a different protein.

To determine the number of nucleotides in the section of DNA that codes for a specific protein, we need to consider that the genetic code is read in sets of three nucleotides called codons. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid.

Therefore, to calculate the number of nucleotides, we need to multiply the number of amino acids by three (since each amino acid is coded by three nucleotides).

In this case, the protein is 300 amino acids long. Multiplying 300 by three gives us 900 nucleotides. However, it is important to note that DNA is double-stranded, and the coding strand and the complementary strand have opposite orientations. So, the number of nucleotides in the coding region of the DNA would be twice that of the single-stranded DNA.

Hence, the correct answer should be 1800 nucleotides, not 900, as each strand of the DNA molecule contributes to the coding sequence.

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The rate is the volume of the balloon changing when the radius is 4.8cm is dV/dt=-300π cm³/sec.

The sphere is described as a three-dimensional round solid shape in which every point on its surface is equidistant from its centre, and also the amount of space occupied, within the sphere.

An instrument called a theodolite is used to calculate the angle between an item and the observer's eye. Two graduated wheels that are positioned at an angle to one another and a telescope make up a theodolite. For measuring horizontal and vertical angles, wheels are utilised. By pointing the telescope in the direction of the target point, the angle to that point is calculated. Using the telescopic scale, the angle may be read.

Given Volume: dr/dt=5500 cm, radius=4.8 cm

We must determine dV/dt=.

Now assume that a sphere's volume is V = 4/3 π r3.

where r = radius and V = volume. A sphere's radius is equal to half of its diameter.

Volumetric rate =dV/dt=4π r2.dr/dt

dV/dt=4π(4.8)².-(5500)

⇒dV/dt=4π(25)*(-5500)

300 π cm3/sec at dV/dt.

As a result, the rate of a balloon's volume is -300π .

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Answer:

E.  Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids

Explanation:

When there is excessive water intake into the body, it can lead to water intoxication. It occurs as result of a combination of dilute body fluids and decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

When excess water is taken into the body, the extracellular fliuds become very dilute, this results in a decrease in osmolarity , therefore, water will then move into the intracellular fluid by osmosis in order to establish equilibrium.. This causes the cells to swell, and in the brain, this swelling will result in increase in pressure within the cranium. This increase in pressure leads to the symptoms found in water intoxication such as nausea, confusion, and fainting. If not treated, it can result in death.

From the given options;

A. Dilute body fluids is only a part of the cause

B. Osmosis of water from ICF to ECF does not result in water intoxication because in water intoxication, water moves into the ICF from ECF

C. Decrease in water intake is wrong because it is an increase in water intake that results in water intoxication

D. Decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids is only one part of the cause of water intoxication

E. Dilute body fluids and a decrease in the osmolarity of interstitial fluids is the correct option.

The rate of color change will be faster in the light than in the dark. In normal lighting conditions, the slope is positive.

This suggests that the sample that was exposed to light produced less CO2 due to an increase in photosynthesis rate and an increase in pH. Under dark conditions, the slope is negative. Photosynthesis is the process by which light energy is transformed to chemical energy, resulting in the formation of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

The process happens in practically all algae, and much of what we know about photosynthesis was uncovered through research on the green alga Chlorella.

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Answer:

Tornado disruptor

Explanation:

humans get seafood from the ocean. there is a thing called maritime transport and that means the ocean serves as a way of transportation and the ocean serves as a climate regulator because it regulates the concentration of CO2.

Answer:

Round

Explanation:

we have pictures from outer space to prove it

For the animal to successfully adapt to its new habitat in Independence National Park, both biotic and abiotic factors in both parks should be similar (D).

This means that the animal should be moved to a habitat that has similar temperatures, precipitation levels, soil type, light conditions, and other abiotic factors to its current habitat in Century National Park. Additionally, the new habitat should have similar food sources, predators, and other animals that the animal interacts with in its current habitat.

If the new habitat is significantly different from the current habitat, the animal may have difficulty adapting and surviving, which can lead to population declines and even extinction. By carefully considering both biotic and abiotic factors, park rangers can ensure that the animal is moved to a new habitat that is as similar as possible to its current habitat, which will increase the chances of its survival and success in its new home.

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The expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between an rryy and an rryy individual is 3:1.

Here, correct option is A.

The expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between an RRYY and an RRYY individual is 3 round and yellow, 1 round and green, 1 wrinkled and yellow, and 1 wrinkled and green. This is due to the dominance of round and yellow over the other two phenotypes.

Round is dominant over wrinkled, and yellow is dominant over green. Therefore, all of the offspring will be either round and yellow, or wrinkled and green, since those are the only two possible phenotypes that can be produced when both parents are RRYY.

The 3:1 ratio is due to the fact that there is a 50% chance of the offspring inheriting either the R or the r allele, and a 50% chance of inheriting either the Y or the y allele.

Therefore, correct option is A.

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complete question is :-

round seeds (r) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (y) are dominant to green seeds (y). what is the expected phenotypic ratio of a cross between an rryy and an rryy individual? group of answer choices

A. 3:1

B. 2:2

C. 4:2:1

D. 4:1

Answer:

Pollen grains are produced by meiosis of microspore mother cells that are located along the inner edge of the anther sacs (microsporangia). ... The tube cell (also referred to as the tube nucleus) develops into the pollen tube. The germ cell divides by mitosis to produce two sperm cells.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

https://phys.org/news/2018-04-proxima-centauri-flare-powerful-visible.html

B cannot be correct because there is in fact, water on Proxima Centauri B.

It most likely isn't C, I researched for any truth in answer C but I couldn't find any.

Hope this helps! I'm really sorry if I'm wrong because I tried very hard to look for a solid answer :[

The three types of capillaries in order from the least permeable at top to most permeable at the bottom are Continuous capillaries,Fenestrated capillaries, Sinusoidal capillaries.

The three types of capillaries can be arranged from least permeable to most permeable as follows:

Continuous capillaries: Continuous capillaries have the least permeability. They have tight junctions between endothelial cells that limit the passage of most solutes and macromolecules. Only the smallest solutes, such as water, ions, and lipid-soluble substances, can pass through the endothelial cells or through small gaps called intercellular clefts.

Fenestrated capillaries: Fenestrated capillaries are more permeable than continuous capillaries. They have small pores or fenestrations within the endothelial cells, allowing the passage of small solutes and macromolecules. Fenestrated capillaries are found in tissues that require rapid exchange of substances, such as the kidneys, endocrine glands, and intestines.

Sinusoidal capillaries: Sinusoidal capillaries are the most permeable type of capillaries. They have large irregular gaps between endothelial cells, wide intercellular clefts, and discontinuous basement membranes. This structural arrangement allows for the passage of large solutes, cells, and proteins. Sinusoidal capillaries are primarily found in organs with high metabolic activity, such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow.

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The part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called the Axon

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Answer:

I want to say the answer is Form a hypothesis

I say this because a hypothesis is one of the first things you do when conducting an experiment and when forming a hypothesis you use the format "if...then....because". You are giving a possible answer to your question before you actually perform the experiment. I hope this helped.

Explanation:

a. DIY DNA extraction methods typically use household ingredients and may lack specialized reagents for optimal yield, purity, and efficiency compared to extraction kits designed with standardized protocols.

b. Differences can be assessed through factors such as protocol complexity, DNA yield, purity assessment, and reproducibility of results between DIY and kit-based extractions.

a. The DIY DNA extraction and an extraction using a kit can differ in several aspects:

Ease of Use: DIY DNA extraction methods often utilize household ingredients and materials, making them simpler and more accessible for amateur scientists or educational purposes. Kits, on the other hand, are specifically designed with pre-measured reagents and detailed protocols, providing a standardized and user-friendly approach.

Efficiency and Yield: DNA extraction kits typically incorporate optimized protocols and specialized reagents that ensure higher efficiency and yield of extracted DNA. DIY methods may not always achieve the same level of efficiency, leading to lower DNA recovery or potential contamination.

Purity and Quality: DNA extraction kits generally include steps and reagents to remove contaminants (such as proteins and RNA) and ensure higher purity of the extracted DNA. DIY methods may lack these purification steps, resulting in impurities or degraded DNA.

b. A few indicators can help determine the differences between DIY DNA extraction and kit-based extractions:

Protocol Complexity: Comparing the step-by-step procedures of DIY methods and kit-based methods can reveal differences in complexity and the presence of additional purification or quality control steps in kits.

DNA Yield: Quantifying the yield of extracted DNA can provide insights into the efficiency of the extraction method. If the yield from a DIY extraction is consistently lower compared to a kit-based extraction, it suggests that the kit-based method may be more efficient.

Purity Assessment: Evaluating the purity of the extracted DNA can be done through techniques such as spectrophotometry or gel electrophoresis. If the DNA extracted using a kit shows less contamination or degradation than the DIY-extracted DNA, it indicates better quality control in the kit-based method.

Reproducibility and Consistency: Performing multiple extractions using both the DIY method and a kit and comparing the results for consistency and reproducibility can also indicate differences in performance and reliability.

It's important to note that DIY DNA extraction methods can be useful for educational purposes or preliminary experiments, but for more precise and standardized results, DNA extraction kits developed by reputable manufacturers are generally recommended.

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Answer:

radical forms root , plumule forms shoot

Explanation:

Radicle is the first part of the seedlings. Plumule is the embryonic shoot of the plant

Answer:

There are now at least 13 species of finches on the Galapagos Islands, each filling a different niche on different islands. All of them evolved from one ancestral species, which colonized the islands only a few million years ago. How many of the species of finch eat insects? Fourteen finch species are found only on these islands.

Explanation:

Answer:

In the space, there is a large cloud of gas and dust wherein the stars are formed. This is called the nebula.

Explanation:

Urine passes through the ureters by the mechanism of peristalsis. Thus, the correct option is C.

Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions which moves the food through the digestive tract in the body. It starts in the esophagus (food pipe) where strong wave-like motions of the smooth muscle cells move the balls of swallowed food (chyme) to the stomach.

Urine is formed in the kidneys through the filtration of blood. The urine is then passed on through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is stored. During urination, the urine is passed on from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

Explanation:

1. Resource partitioning is the division of limited resources by species to help avoid competition in an ecological niche. In any environment, organisms compete for limited resources, so organisms and different species have to find ways to coexist with one another.

2.Predator-prey relations refer to the interactions between two species where one species is the hunted food source for the other. The organism that feeds is called the predator and the organism that is fed upon is the prey.

3.Yes, the evolution of Batesian mimicry is an example of coevolution. Batesian mimicry occurs when an edible organism (often an insect) evolves in such a way as to closely resemble the appearance of another species that is inedible. This deters predators from eating the mimicking species and allows them to survive.

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The correct response is C ;  That adding the A will lead to a frameshift, which will result in an early stop codon and a shortened protein.

1. The definition of a frameshift mutation is an insertion or deletion of any nucleotide in the genome that is not in multiples of three nucleotides that can code for any amino acid.

2. An insertional frameshift mutation is present in the case described. The shortened protein and insertional frameshift mutation are created as follows:

3. The mRNA produced from the provided sequence demonstrates that the stop codon develops early and a brief protein known as a truncated protein is produced.

4. A truncated protein is nothing more than a brief protein created by a mutation in which premature termination occurs.

5. As a result, adding adenine after guanine will result in an insertional frameshift mutation, which will shorten the protein and trigger an early stop codon.

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Full Question ;

The following sequence of dna is the normal, wild-type gene: 5' tac cgg tta gtt agc cga tag 3' an insertion occurs during dna replication, causing an additional adenine to be inserted into the nucleotide strand after the guanine shown in red. what effect will this have on the final protein?

A The addition of the A will cause a single amino acid substitution in the codon in which it occurs.

B The addition of the A will cause a frame shift, so that all the amino acids after the mutation will change. The protein will be a normal number of amino acids.

C The addition of the A will cause a frame shift, resulting in a premature stop codon and a truncated protein.

D The addition of the A will cause a frame shift, resulting in the loss of the normal stop codon and an abnormally long protein with an altered amino acid sequence.

Answer:

im gonna have to go with D

Answer:

iris - b

cornea - f

lens - e

retina - c

photoceptors - b

optic nerve - h ( definately know dis one)

rod cells - e

pupil - a

cone cells -g

i tried

Explanation:

The answer is e. The Singer-Nicolson Model.

The Singer-Nicolson Model Fluid- Mosaic Membrane Model of cell membrane structure as proposed in 1972. In this view of a cell membrane the solid bodies with stippled cut surfaces represent globular integral membrane proteins randomly distributed in the plane of the membrane. Some integral membrane proteins form specific integral protein complexes, as shown in the figure. Integral proteins are represented in a fluid lipid bilayer. The model does not contain other membrane associated structures or membrane domains (from Singer and Nicolson). The Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model of cell membrane structure was based on thermodynamic principals and the available data on component lateral mobility within the membrane plane [Singer SJ, Nicolson GL.

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If a scientist isolates genes for Hepatitus B antigens from a Hepatitus virus, then inserts them into a bacterial plasmid and replicates the bacteria in a fermenter, the product collected will be transgenic bacterial plasmids, inside the bacteria, in order to proove if the transgenic plasmid actually gives the bacteria resistance to the virus, it has to be grown in an infected medium.

The correct answer is option A.