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How do you read the element cells on the periodic table of elements and what do they tell us about the atomic structure of the element?

Answer: A

Explanation:

The correct option is A. Solid has a definite shape. In solids, the particles are closer to each other.

There are three states of matter. They are solid, liquid and gases. Solid has a definite shape. The particles are much closer and there are the least intermolecular spaces between them.

Many materials can be used to create solids. They may be made of different compounds or just pure elements. A mixture is a substance that contains more than one type of chemical.

The majority of rocks are assemblages of various chemicals. A good illustration of a man-made solid combination is concrete.

Therefore, The correct option is A. Solid has a definite shape. In solids, the particles are closer to each other.

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The protons from WATER (H2O ) molecules are used to drive chemiosmosis during photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a series of metabolic reactions used by plants to create biomolecules and O2 by using sunlight, H2O and CO2. During this process, a proton gradient is created by chemiosmosis.

The proton gradient is created by pumping protons (H+) across the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, thereby generating an electrochemical gradient in a process known as chemiosmosis.

The potential energy of this proton gradient is used by plant cells to synthesize adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy coin of the cell.

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To determine the number of hours that have passed since the original two bacteria were placed in the dish, we can use the fact that the number of bacteria quadruples every hour.

Starting with two bacteria, we can observe the progression:

Hour 1: 2 bacteria

Hour 2: 2 x 4 = 8 bacteria

Hour 3: 8 x 4 = 32 bacteria

Hour 4: 32 x 4 = 128 bacteria

Hour 5: 128 x 4 = 512 bacteria

Hour 6: 512 x 4 = 2048 bacteria

Hour 7: 2048 x 4 = 8192 bacteria

Hour 8: 8192 x 4 = 32768 bacteria

Hour 9: 32768 x 4 = 131072 bacteria

Therefore, it took 9 hours for the number of bacteria to reach 131,072.

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Answer:

ty

Explanation:

Waves at the surface of the ocean and lakes are orbital progressive waves. This type of wave forms at the boundary of two liquids of different density, in this case air and water.

Answer: Marquis de Layette was a french aristocrat who served the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War.

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

The answer is a Because Phosphorolysis reactions cleave bonds with phosphate instead of water (: just trust me

Glycolysis that starts with glycogen instead of glucose can be considered to have a higher energy yield because phosphorolysis reactions cleave bonds with phosphate instead of water. The correct option is A.

Through a sequence of processes known as glycolysis, glucose is divided into two pyruvate molecules, each of which has three carbons.

The metabolic process that changes glucose into pyruvate is known as glycolysis.

The high-energy molecules adenosine triphosphate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide are created using the free energy released during this process. A series of ten enzyme-catalyzed processes make up glycolysis.

In contrast to phosphorolysis reactions, which cleave bonds with phosphate rather than water, glycolysis can be thought of as having a larger energy yield because it begins with glycogen rather than glucose.

Not producing adenosine 5′-triphosphate is not the primary goal of glycolysis; rather, it is to produce pyruvate for the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) cycle.

By boosting the ratio of NADH to NAD+, the glycolytic synthesis of pyruvate lowers the cytosol.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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The arrow points to the hydroxide ion.

An ion is a specie that is formed by the loss or gain of electrons. Thus any specie that carries a charge whether positive or negative could be called an ion. In this case, we have a system that has three ions in it. The hydrogen ions, the hydroxide ions and the hydronium ions.

As we can see, the red color stands for oxygen, the grey color stands for hydrogen. Looking at the image, we can see that the direction in which the arrow point is a specie that has only red and ash colors thus this corresponds to  the hydroxide ion.

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Answer:

Cancellous bone

Explanation:

In the brown alga Fucus, the zygote's first division generates two cells: a smaller cell that gives rise to the rhizoid and a larger cell that gives rise to the thallus.

The rhizoid is a unicellular structure that anchors the alga to a substrate, while the thallus is a multicellular structure that contains the photosynthetic cells and performs the majority of the alga's functions. Therefore, the smaller cell that gives rise to the rhizoid plays a crucial role in the algae's attachment to the substrate, while the larger cell that gives rise to the thallus plays a crucial role in the algae's photosynthesis and survival.

Fucus is a genus of brown algae. Fucus includes over 20 species, including Fucus vesiculosus (bladderwrack), the most frequent species on the coasts of the North Atlantic. Fucus is a seaweed that grows in the intertidal zone on the rocky coast. It grows in the tidal zone and is well-suited to living in rough areas subjected to intense wave activity.

Brown algae life cycle:

Zygote formation takes place as a result of sexual reproduction between two genetically distinct haploid cells. The zygote undergoes mitosis to generate a multicellular sporophyte, which is diploid. The mature sporophyte will eventually undergo meiosis to generate haploid zoospores. Mobile zoospores will eventually develop into the mature gametophyte of the brown alga.

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When referencing the Benthic ecosystem, it is correct to say that the intertidal zone is influenced by tidal regime. The correct option is B.

The sediments at the seafloor often make up the benthic zone, which is the lowest biological zone in a body of water.

The species that reside in the benthic zone depend on these sediments for essential nutrients.

At low tide, when it is exposed to the air, and at high tide, when it is immersed in seawater, the intertidal zone exists in two separate states. Once or twice a day, the zone is totally submerged by the tide.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Bitter is sensed at the back of the tongue.

Answer:

B.)  Lipids form cellulose, which gives plants structure.

Explanation:

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Answer:

The correct answer is B. The environment remaining relatively stable is one reason a population's distribution of traits might experience little to no change over a long period of time. In a stable environment, the selective pressures acting upon a population may not change significantly, leading to little adaptive change in the population's traits. Conversely, a highly unstable environment with constantly changing selective pressures can lead to rapid evolutionary change in a population.

Explanation:

Answer:

Prokaryotic Bacteria

Answer:

Monera is a kingdom in biology that comprises prokaryotes, which are single-celled organism that have no true nucleus.Apr 28, 2017

Explanation:

Kingdom Monera

You have suffered from a lot of diseases that bacteria cause. But, do you think all bacteria are bad? No! The bacteria have a huge kingdom of their own that consists of a number of varieties of them. Each bacteria has a different role to play. They belong to the kingdom Monera. Here, we will know all about the kingdom Monera. We will look at both their characteristics and divisions in greater detail.

Characteristics of Monera

Monera (Monos – single) includes prokaryotes and shows the following characters:

They are typically unicellular organisms (but one group is mycelial). The genetic material in these organisms is the naked circular DNA. A nuclear envelope is absent. Both, ribosomes and simple chromatophores, are the only subcellular organelles in the cytoplasm.

Sap vacuoles do not occur. Instead, gas vacuole may be present.

The predominant mode of nutrition is absorptive but some groups are photosynthetic (holophytic) and chemosynthetic.

The organisms are non-motile or move by the beating of simple flagella or by gliding.

Bacteria Shape

Cocci: They are oval or spherical in shape.

Bacilli: They are rod-shaped. They may or may not have flagella.

Vibrios: These are small and ‘comma or kidney’ like. They have a flagellum at one end and are also motile. Vibrio bacteria has a curve in its cell.

Spirillum: They are spiral or coiled like a cork­screw. The spiral forms are usually rigid and bear two or more flagella at one or both the ends e.g., Spirillum, Spirochaetes etc.

Filament: Just like fungal mycelia, the body of the bacterium is filamentous. The filaments are very minute in size. Examples include Beggiota, Thiothrix etc.

Stalked: The body of bacterium possesses a stalk e.g., Caulobacter.

Budded: The body of the bacterium is swollen at places e.g., Rhodomicrobiu

Structure of Bacteria

Capsule: In a large number of bacteria, a slimy capsule is present outside the cell wall. It is composed of polysaccharides and the nitrogenous substances (amino acids) are also present in addition. This slime layer becomes thick, called, capsule. The bacteria, which form a capsule, are’ called capsulated or virulent bacteria. The capsule ‘is usually found in parasitic forms e.g., Bacillus, anthracite, Diplococcus pneumoniae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Cell wall: All bacterial cells .are covered by a strong, rigid cell wall. Therefore, we classify them under plants. Inner to the capsule, the cell wall is present. It is made up of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. We also find D-glutamic acid and diaminopimelic acid.

Monera

Plasma membrane: Each bacterial cell has a plasma membrane. It is situated just internal to the cell wall. It is a thin, elastic and also differentially or selectively permeable membrane.

Cytoplasm: The cytoplasm refers to a complex and aqueous fluid or semifluid ground substance (matrix). This material consists of vitamins, salts, enzymes, carbohydrates, soluble proteins, co-enzymes, lipids, mineral and nucleic acids. The organic matter is present in the colloidal state.The cytoplasm is granular due to the presence of a large number of ribosomes.

Nucleoid: It has other common names like genophore, naked nucleus or incipient nucleus. There is nuclear material in these, DNA. It is double helical as well as circular. Some kind of typical protein surrounds it. However, these are not histone proteins.

Plasmids: In addition to the normal DNA chromosomes, many bacteria (e.g., E.coli) have extrachromosomal genetic elements or DNA. These elements are plasmids. They are small circular double-stranded molecules.

Flagella: These are fine, thread-like, protoplasmic appendages. These extend through the cell wall and the slime layer of the flagellated bacterial cells. These help in bacteria to swim about in the liquid medium.

Pili or Fimbriae: Besides flagella, some tiny or small hair-like outgrowths are present on the bacterial cell surface. These are pili. They comprise of pilin protein. They consequently measure about 0.5-2 mm in length and 3-5mm in diameter.

Nutrition in Bacteria

On the basis of mode of nutrition, we can group bacteria into two broad categories. First is autotrophic whereas second is heterotrophic bacteria.

Autotrophic bacteria: These bacteria are able to synthesize their own food from inorganic substances, as green plants do. They derive their carbon from carbon dioxide. The hydrogen needed to reduce carbon to organic form comes from sources such as atmospheric H2, H2S or NH3.

Heterotrophic bacteria: Most of the bacteria cannot synthesize their own organic food. They consequently depend on external organic materials. They require at least one organic compound as a source of carbon for their growth and energy. Such bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria. Heterotrophic bacteria are of three types­: Parasites, Saprotrophs and Symbionts.

A test cross is made up of two organisms, one of which has a genotype that is unknown and the other which possesses a homozygous recessive trait.

The genesis experiment Mendel himself carried out to ascertain the genotype of a yellow pea serves as a classic example of a test cross. The alleles Y and y are utilized for the yellow and green variants of the allele, as shown in the image below. Over the y gene, the yellow allele, Y, is dominant.

An experiment called a test cross can be used to determine if an organism displaying a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous for a particular allele.

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Through catabolic action, cellulase breaks down cellulose. The cellulose binds the enzyme by the active sites, composing the cellulase-cellulose complex. Then, cellulase breaks the molecule and turn it into monomers.

Cellulose is broken by the action of cellulase. This enzyme is in charge of catalyzing cellulose lysis and turning it into smaller components. This metabolic action is known as catabolism.

Catabolism is the process by which a complex, large molecule (in this case, cellulose) is broken into simpler smaller molecules. The enzyme gets in contact with the substrate and breaks it apart into pieces.

The large molecule binds its enzyme by the active site, composing the enzyme-substrate complex. Finally, the enzyme turns the substrate into product molecules.

You will find the complete labelled image in the attached files.

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The organelle most likely to be defective in oxidative phosphorylation (aerobic respiration) disorders is the mitochondrian .

A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure and use aerobic respiration to generate adenosine triphosphate, which is used throughout the cell as a source of chemical energy.

Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular) that generate most of the chemical energy needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is stored in a small molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

the power plants in virtually every human cell (as well as animal, plant, and fungi cells), mitochondria play an essential role in creating energy to drive cellular function and basically all of our biological processes.

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Answer:

Maple seeds travel on the wind by using their wings. The uneaten seeds will germinate some distance from the parent plant.

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Maple seeds are considered to be wind-pollinated.

There are five main modes of seed dispersal:

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The genetic disorder leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-1) is caused by a defect in the CD18 gene.

This gene is responsible for encoding a protein called beta-2 integrin, which plays a crucial role in the proper functioning of white blood cells, or leukocytes. In LAD-1, a mutation in the CD18 gene disrupts the synthesis of beta-2 integrin, leading to impaired leukocyte adhesion and migration. As a result, affected individuals have difficulty fighting off infections, as their white blood cells cannot properly attach to blood vessels and migrate to the site of infection.

Symptoms of LAD-1 can include recurrent bacterial infections, delayed wound healing, and periodontal disease. Treatment for LAD-1 involves managing symptoms, preventing infections, and in severe cases, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to replace the faulty white blood cells with healthy ones. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential to improve the quality of life for individuals affected by this rare genetic disorder.

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The true statement is option a: Natural selection works on variation already present in a population.

Natural selection acts on the existing variation within a population, favoring traits that provide a reproductive advantage in a given environment. It does not create new traits but acts upon the genetic diversity already present. Non-heritable traits (option b) are not subject to natural selection, as they cannot be passed on to future generations.

Individuals themselves do not evolve (option c), but rather it is the cumulative effect of variations within a population over time that leads to evolutionary changes. Organisms do not consciously evolve structures they need (option d); instead, structures that provide an advantage are favored by natural selection, driving their prevalence in future generations.

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The amino acid pool contains amino acids that can be used to create proteins.

The body retains a significant amount of free amino acids in the blood (approximately 35-65 mg/deciliter) even when one is fasting; this ensures that cells and tissues always have access to individual amino acids for the synthesis of proteins and essential amino acid derivatives.

The cellular pool of amino acids is derived from both dietary protein and the breakdown of cellular proteins. Since amino acids are used to produce new proteins, energy, and other biological molecules, this pool needs to be refilled with them.

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Not only is the Earth’s surface flexible, but it’s broken up into big plates called tectonic plates.

What are tectonic plates?

Tectonic plates are large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere (outermost layer) that move around on top of the asthenosphere (upper part of the mantle) due to the convective currents inside the Earth.

These plates can move apart, collide, or slide past each other, causing various geologic phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the formation of mountains. Understanding the movement and behavior of tectonic plates is crucial for studying the Earth's structure and natural hazards.

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A conformational change in the cells is likely to be observed in liver cells of a person when injected with epinephrine.

When epinephrine binds to the liver cell's surface receptor, a conformational shift can take place. This change in receptor's shape enables G protein to bind and get activated. Adenylate cyclase binds to the molecule as a result of a conformational shift brought about by the activation G protein.

Both a neurotransmitter and a hormone, adrenaline is most generally referred to as epinephrine. It is created and released as a hormone by your adrenal glands, which are hat-shaped glands located on top of each kidney. It functions as a chemical messenger known as a central nervous system neurotransmitter to help send nerve signals across nerve ends to another nerve cell, muscle cell, or gland cell.

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Answer:

Just look up each of those words and their stages. This will surley find you your answer!!

Answer:

hope this helps helps you a lot

my handwriting is bad sorry for that bhai

All of the following, with the exception of pyrogenic granuloma, are symptoms of linear gingival erythema associated with HIV/AIDS.

pyrogenic granulomas are tiny, red bumps on the skin that are raised. The bumps may be moist and have a smooth surface. The high numbe makes them easily bleed. The lesions frequently recur after treatment and can occasionally be brought on by trauma or the use of specific medications. They can happen to anyone of any age, but they typically affect older kids and young adults. A particular kind of vascular tumour are pyrogenic granulomas. additionally known as lobular capillary hemangioma. blood vessels at the location. This growth is benign (noncancerous). Skin lesions called pyrogenic granulomas can appear after an injury.

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Answer:

So it would be B since the areas have inadequate amounts of soil.

Explanation:

The habitats of carnivorous plants are varied but usually involve wet, low-nutrient sites including bogs, swamps, waterbodies, watercourses, forests and sandy or rocky sites.

Answer:

Question 1~ "particles that make up matter have kinetic energy" & "particles that make up matter are always in motion".

Question 2~ a- liquid

b- solid

c-gas

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