Predict the sign of ΔSsys for each of the following processes.a) Molten gold solidifies. b) Gaseous Cl2 in the stratosphere to form gaseous Cl atoms. c) Gaseous CO reacts with gaseous H2to form liquid methanol, CH3OH. d) Calcium phosphate precipitates upon mixing Ca(NO3)2(aq) and (NH4)3PO4(aq).

The strongest ingredient of the two most commonly used chemical relaxers is Sodium hydroxide. This ingredient is often found in lye relaxers, which are known for being the most powerful type of relaxer on the market.

Sodium hydroxide has a high pH level and breaks down the protein bonds in the hair, which allows the hair to be reshaped and straightened. Bisulfate and potassium are also commonly used in relaxers, but they are not as strong as Sodium hydroxide. Bisulfate is often found in no-lye relaxers, which are less harsh on the hair and scalp, but also less effective at straightening hair. Potassium is another ingredient found in some relaxers, but it is not typically used as the main active ingredient.

Hydrogen dioxide is not typically found in relaxers at all, as it is a bleaching agent rather than a straightening agent. Overall, when it comes to choosing a relaxer, it is important to consider the strength of the active ingredient as well as the potential risks and benefits of each type of relaxer.

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This problem is providing the ionic radius of an anion, A²⁻ as 0.290 nm and asks for that of the cation A²⁺ in comparison to the former.

Firstly, we need to recall the concept of ionic radius, as the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron shell of an ion. In such a way, we can have two scenarios:

1. Anions result from the gain of electrons exhibited by a nonmetal, which means they turn out bigger than the neutral atom.

2. Cations result from the loss of electrons exhibited by a metal, which means they turn out smaller than the neutral atom.

With the aforementioned, we infer that the cation A²⁺, will me smaller than the anion A²⁻, which means it will have an ionic radius smaller than 0.290 nm.

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An exothermic reaction is the chemical reaction which releases heat to the surroundings. Among the options you provided, the example of an exothermic reaction is ammonium nitrate dissolving in water. Option A is correct.

This reaction is exothermic because the dissolution process releases heat to the surroundings, as well as the temperature of the solution will increases.

The other examples you provided, such as the dissolving of concentrated hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride, and sugar in water, are all exothermic processes as well, but they are not chemical reactions, as no new substances are formed. They are simply physical changes, where the substances dissolve in the solvent.

Hence, A. Ammonium nitrate dissolving in water is the correct option.

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--The given question is incorrect, the correct question is

"Which example is an exothermic reaction? A) ammonium nitrate dissolving in water B) concentrated hydrochloric acid dissolving in water C) sugar dissolving in water D) ammonium chloride dissolving in water."--

Answer:

The correct answer is B) El Nino/La Nina

Explanation:

El Nino and La Nina are climate patterns that can cause modification to the global weather conditions. They are present in the Pacific Ocean.

El Nino is Spanish for Little Boy. It is characterised by warm weather, while La Nina in Spanish refers to Little Girl. La Nina is characterized by cool/cold currents.

Cheers

Answer:

temperature

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

An ionic solid is a crystalline solid held together by charge attractions or an ionic bond.

Ionic bond or electrovalent bond is a type of bond which is formed between two elements when there is an exchange of electrons which takes place between  the atoms resulting in the formation of ions.

When the atom looses an electron it develops a positive charge and forms an ion called the cation while the other atom gains the electron and develops a negative charge  and forms an ion called the anion.

As the two atoms are oppositely charged they attract each other which results in the formation of a bond called the ionic bond.They are good conductors of heat and electricity. They have high melting points. These compounds are brittle.

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The number of ionic bond in copper is zero.

Pure copper or any pure metal for that matter are examples of metallic bonds, which are neither ionic nor covalent. The copper atoms are stacked very tightly in a solid lattice. In fact it has a face centered cubic lattice which is the closed packing of atoms possible. Each atom has twelve nearest neighbors which allows their 4s orbitals (mostly) to have the optimal overlap. All of these orbitals therefore combine in one gigantic band of delocalized orbitals that spans the entire crystal with its myriad atoms. This band is only partly filled and the difference in energy between one state and the next is puny, which explains copper’s outstanding conductive properties.

Therefore, the bonding in copper has a metallic character.

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Answer:

Na2So4

Explanation:

Na is group 1, so has a charge of 1+

Sulphate’s formula is SO4 2-,

because sulphate has double the charge of Na, you need two Na’s to make it equal.

Therefore it’s Na2SO4

The number of electrons present in the outermost shell is called valence electrons.

The number of electrons present in the last shell is called valence electrons. The atomic number of sodium is 11 and the atomic number of oxygen is 8.

There is 1 valence electron in sodium. The number of valence electrons in oxygen is 2.

The atomic number of iodine is 53. The number of the valence electron in iodine is 1. The atomic number of calcium is 20. The valence electron in calcium is 2.

Therefore, The number of electrons present in the outermost shell is called valence electrons.

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Given data:H2O vapor content: 13 gramsH2O vapor capacity: 52 grams at 25 degrees Celsius 13 grams at 10∘C52 grams at 30∘CFormula used to find the dew point:$$\dfrac{13}{52}=\dfrac{(A*3\pi)/(ln100)}{(17.27-A)}$$$$\frac{1}{4}=\dfrac{(A*3\pi)/(ln100)}{(17.27-A)}$$

Where A is the constantDew Point:It is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor when the temperature drops to a point where dew, frost or ice forms. To solve this question, substitute the given data into the formula.$$13/52=\dfrac{(A*3\pi)/(ln100)}{(17.27-A)}$$$$13(17.27-A)=3\pi A(ln100)$$By simplifying the above expression, we get$$A^2-17.27A+64.78=0$$Using the quadratic formula, we get$$A=9.9,7.4$$

The dew point is 7.4 since it is less than 10°C.More than 100:The term "More than 100" has not been used in the question provided.

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Deshielded protons experience a net magnetic field strength that is higher than the applied magnetic field. Therefore, the correct answer is A) deshielded.

Deshielded protons experience a net magnetic field strength that is higher than the applied magnetic field. This is because the deshielded protons are not surrounded by as many electrons, which would normally help to shield them from the external magnetic field. As a result, the deshielded protons are more strongly affected by the magnetic field and experience a higher net magnetic field strength.

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The water table is defined as: Option b) Upper surface of the groundwater

The water table is an underground line separating the soil's surface from the region where groundwater seeps into rock crevices and voids between sediments. At this limit, the water pressure and atmospheric pressure are equal.

The unsaturated zone is the portion of the soil surface above the water table where water and oxygen coexist in the gaps between the sediments. Because there is oxygen in the soil, the unsaturated zone is also known as the zone of aeration. The saturated zone, when water completely fills the crevices between the sediments, is located beneath the water table. Impenetrable rock surrounds the saturated zone at its base.

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To make an aqueous solution of HBr (hydrobromic acid) of concentration 15.0 M from 3.5 M, we can use the dilution ratio: C₁V₁ = C₂V₂.

We can input our data into the above formula, and thus:

15.0×V₁ = 3.5×1 (final volume is a litre), and solving this to get V₁:

V₁ = 0.2333...

therefore, the initial volume, the volume of HBr we start with, is 233.33 mL.

Dilution

1. accurately measure 233 mL of 15.0 M hydrobromic acid into a measuring cylinder, using a pasteur pipette (dropper), to top it up to the mark.

2. pour the hydrobromic acid into a 1 L volumetric flask, using a wash bottle and demineralised water to rinse out the remaining acid from the measuring cylinder into the flask.

3. Using a wash bottle and demineralised water, fill the volumetric flask up to a little bit below the mark on the neck of the flask. Use a dropper to carefully add water to the mark, making sure that the bottom of the meniscus of the solution is on the mark.

4. Stopper the flask, and holding the flask in one hand whilst pressing down the stopper, invert and swirl, and invert again, about 10-15 times. This ensures solution is thoroughly mixed.

5. Your 3.5 M solution of HBr is ready

Answer:

Ca(OH)2 molecular weight. Molar mass of Ca(OH)2 = 74.09268 g/mol. This compound is also known as Calcium Hydroxide. Convert grams Ca(OH)2 to moles or moles Ca(OH)2 to grams. Molecular weight calculation: 40.078 + (15.9994 + 1.00794)*2 ››

Hey,

A) Let's first calculate the molar mass M of the molecule :

M(Ca(OH)₂) = M(Ca) + 2M(O) + 2M(H)

B) Let's deduct the corresponding mass m :

m = M x n

The mass of calcium hydroxide corresponding to this quantity of substance (in mol) is therefore 34 g.

The option that can result in deviations from Beer's law when the path length that is constant is option A: The use of monochromatic radiation Stray light reaching the detector All radiation not absorbed by the sample is transmitted to the detector.

The above factors can all result in deviations from Beer's law when the path length is constant. The path length refers to the distance that the light travels through the sample, and is typically held constant in spectrophotometry experiments in order to accurately measure the absorbance of the sample.

Therefore, When monochromatic radiation is not used, the absorbance of the sample may not accurately reflect the concentration of the solute, as different wavelengths of light may be absorbed differently.

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The question presents a table with many multiplications using different units (mass and velocity) and requires us to decide whether the operations presented are possible.

To solve this question, we should keep in mind this general rule: for units reffering to the same measurement (for example: mass, volume, distance etc.), we are able to multiply the units as long as they are the same. For example: g x g, L x L, m x m. If units are about the same measurement but still different, we should convert one of them in order to make them the same.

On the other hand, when we are talking about division, if we have the same unit on the operator and denominator position, we will have a result as "1" - then we need to analyze the entire value.

Now, considering the operations presented in the question:

On the first one, we have kg multiplied by kg. Although it isn't usual to see square kg (kg^2), we are able to make this operation:

On the second line, we have square g multiplied by kg. In this case, since the first unit is square, we can assume they are not about the same measurement. Thus, we can't complete this operation.

On the third line, there is a division and we should proceed as a normal operation (although the unit km/s isn't usual):

In summary, the answers should be:

1) Is it possible? YES / Result = 45 kg^2

2) Is it possible? NO

3) Is it possible? YES / Result = 0.8 km/s

Helium

Helium has 2 electrons both in the first shell (so two valence electrons).

Hope this helps :)

Answer:

Chemical element, metallic, symbol Mg, situated in group IIa in the periodic table, atomic number: 12, atomic weight: 24,312. ... Magnesium is known for a long time as the lighter structural metal in the industry, due to it's low weight and to it's capability of forming mechanically resistant alloys.

The correct name for the molecule C₁₁H₂₄ is 3-ethyl-5-propylhexane (option B).

The molecule C₁₁H₂₄ consists of an eight-carbon chain (octane) with an ethyl group attached at the third carbon and a propyl group attached at the fifth carbon. This gives the molecule a total of eleven carbon atoms, which is why it is called an undecane. The formula C₁₁H₂₄ indicates that there are 24 hydrogen atoms in the molecule (2 for each carbon atom).

Since the molecule has two different types of substituent groups, it is named using the IUPAC system. The names of substituent groups are arranged alphabetically and preceded by a number that indicates the position of the group on the chain. In this case, the ethyl group is at the third position and the propyl group is at the fifth position. Therefore, the name of the molecule is 3-ethyl-5-propylhexane.

Your question is incomplete, but most probably your question was

C₁₁H₂₄

Which of the following is the correct name for the molecule above? group of answer choices

A. 3-ethyl-5-methyloctane

B. 3-ethyl-5-propylhexane

C. 4-methyl-6-ethyloctane

D. 2-propyl-4-ethylhexane

Thus, the correct option is B

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a) 80

b) 36

c)6

d)64

All in grams

the formula ; n= m

M

was used .

where n is moles

m is mass of a substance

M is molar mass

The mass of the substance is the product of the moles and the molar mass. The mass of sulfur = 80 gm, calcium = 72 gm, carbon = 6 gm, and copper = 201.6 gm.

Mass of any substance is the amount of the constituent particle it holds together and can be measured in grams. The mass has been calculated from the moles of the substance and its molar mass.

The mass of sulfur is calculated as,

Mass = moles × molar mass

= 2.50 mol × 32 g/mol

= 80 gms

The mass of calcium is calculated as,

Mass = moles × molar mass

= 1.80 mol × 40 g/mol

= 72 gms

The mass of carbon is calculated as,

Mass = moles × molar mass

= 0.50 mol × 12 g/mol

= 6 gms

The mass of copper is calculated as,

Mass = moles × molar mass

= 3.20 mol × 63 g/mol

= 201.6 gms

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Answer:

I am not sure

Explanation:

Minerals are naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a defined chemical composition and regular internal crystal structure.

The definition of a mineral is a substance that meets five specific criteria: it must be naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, have a definite chemical composition, and possess a crystalline structure. The crystalline structure refers to the arrangement of atoms or ions in an orderly, repeating pattern that extends in all three spatial dimensions. This regular arrangement of atoms or ions gives minerals their characteristic geometric shapes and physical properties. The crystal structure of minerals can be determined using X-ray diffraction, and the study of minerals is important in a wide range of scientific fields, including geology, chemistry, and materials science.

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Answer:

Mass = 544 g

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of sulfuric acid formed = ?

Mass of water react = 100.0 g

Solution:

Chemical equation:

SO₃ + H₂O     →     H₂SO₄

Number of moles of water:

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 100 g/ 18 g/mol

Number of moles = 5.5 mol

Now we will compare the moles of water and H₂SO₄.

                  H₂O       :         H₂SO₄

                     1          :            1

                 5.56       :           5.56

Mass of H₂SO₄:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass = 5.56 mol × 98.0 g/mol

Mass = 544 g

Answer:

ones in magnets r close together while others can be spread apart

Answer: B: Your ears send a message through the nerves to the brain.

Answer:

B!!!!

Explanation:

hope this helps! :D

The solubility  in water based on polarity and hydrogen bonding is that polar compounds dissolves in the water due to the hydrogen bonding.

The polar compounds easily soluble in the water as they makes hydrogen bond with the water. Let us take an example : The order of solubility in some compounds is given as :

CH₃CH₂CH₂COOH > CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂OH > CH₃CH₂OCH₂CH₂ > CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₃

Carboxylic acid is more soluble in the water as it males more hydrogen bond with water as compared to the alcohol. The last one is not able to make the hydrogen bond with the water . The two types of hydrogen bonding are : intermolecular hydrogen bonding and intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

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False, Individual covalent bonds are not stronger than individual ionic bonds.

Ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds. An ionic bond is a kind of chemical bond that is established between two oppositely charged ions. As a result of the transfer of electrons between atoms, ionic bonds are created. A covalent bond is a kind of bond in which two atoms share electrons to form a molecule. The bond strength of a chemical bond is the energy required to break it. Ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds in general.

An ionic bond is established as a result of the transfer of electrons between atoms. Electrons are exchanged between two atoms that have a significantly different electronegativity. Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's tendency to attract electrons toward itself. The difference between the electronegativity values of the two atoms determines the degree of the polarity of the ionic bond that is formed. Ionic bonds are strong because the charged ions are attracted to each other.

On the other hand, a covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons to form a molecule. Covalent bonds are usually weaker than ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are weaker than ionic bonds since electrons are shared and not transferred. The shared electrons are attracted to both atoms in the covalent bond.

Therefore, the statement "individual covalent bonds are stronger than individual ionic bonds" is false. Ionic bonds are stronger than covalent bonds in general.

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Answer:

B

Explanation: