The decreasing order of reactivity towards electrophilic substitution reaction of the given compounds is: IV > III > II > I. The correct option is A.
When the electrophile attacks the benzene ring in electrophilic substitution reaction, the reaction occurs through the formation of a sigma complex, which is then converted to a pi complex. The formation of sigma complex is the slow and rate-determining step of the reaction. The more stable the sigma complex, the faster will be the rate of reaction.
The stability of sigma complex depends on the electron density on the ring. The more electron-rich the ring, the more stable the sigma complex, and hence, the faster the rate of reaction. Therefore, the decreasing order of reactivity towards electrophilic substitution reaction is A IV > III > II > I.
IV is the most electron-rich compound among the given compounds as it has two electron-donating -CH3 groups attached to the ring. Therefore, it will be the most reactive towards electrophilic substitution reaction.
I is the least electron-rich compound among the given compounds as it has a strong electron-withdrawing -NO2 group attached to the ring. Therefore, it will be the least reactive towards electrophilic substitution reaction.
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How much heat is needed to warm 15g of water from -5C to 45C?
Answer:
36C
Explanation:
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A 20.0 mL solution of NaOH is neutralized with 24.1 mL of 0.200 M HBr. What is the concentration of the original NaOH solution
Answer:
0.241 M
Explanation:
We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is given below:
HBr + NaOH —> NaBr + H₂O
From the balanced equation above,
The mole ratio of acid, HBr (nₐ) = 1
The mole ratio of base, NaOH (n₆) = 1
Finally, we shall determine the concentration of the NaOH solution. This can be obtained as follow:
Volume of base, NaOH (V₆) = 20 mL
Volume of acid, HBr (Vₐ) = 24.1 mL
Concentration of acid, HBr (Cₐ) = 0.2 M
Concentration of base, NaOH (C₆) =?
CₐVₐ / C₆V₆ = nₐ/n₆
0.2 × 24.1 / C₆ × 20 = 1/1
4.82 / C₆ × 20 = 1
Cross multiply
C₆ × 20 = 4.82
Divide both side by 20
C₆ = 4.82 / 20
C₆ = 0.241 M
Therefore, the concentration of the NaOH solution is 0.241 M
It is often helpful to remember the acronym pass when using a fire extinguisher. fill in the word that corresponds with each letter to complete the steps needed for operation of this device.
the acronym PASS involves the steps needed for the operation of the fire extinguisher which are Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.
P- Pull the pin, this step will allow you to discharge the extinguisher.
A- Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire, If aim at the flames, which is most frequently the temptation, the agent in the extinguisher will fly right through and will do no good, You had to hit the fuel.
S- Squeeze the lever slowly, In this step depresses the button that releases the pressurized extinguishing agent in the extinguisher.
S- Sweep the spray from side to side over the fire, Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then move forward to the reduced flame, until the fire is completely out, but keep an eye, on the area it may re-ignites.
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What is 3 pointing to
Answer:
Electrons
Explanation:
Electrons is the outside of the nucleus
One step in the production of copper is to heat copper (I) sulfide, Cu2S, with oxygen. This
produces copper (I) oxide and sulfur dioxide gas according to the following reaction:
2Cu2S(s)
+ 3O2(g)
→ 2Cu2O(s)
+ 2SO2(g)
What is the greatest mass of SO2 that can be produced from 15.0 mol Cu2S?
Answer:
9.61 x 10^2 g SO2
Explanation:
Ur welcome
Where do you think the energy we get in our lives come from?
As humans we get our energy from other sources such as plants or even other animals. This is by consuming nutrients such as protein, which is converted into energy.
hope this helps! :)
PLZ HELP which ia an example of a scientist using a physical model to describe a river
A. the scientists thinks of a river like a flow of electrons
B. the scientists builds a model of the river using plastic and a hose
C. the scientists writes an equation that describes the flooding of the river
D. the scientists uses a computer to predict how much water will flow
if we triple the temperature and double the volume, what would the new pressure of the system be?
That the pressure doubles when the gas's volume is cut in half.
If gas volume and temperature are maintained constant, the formula demonstrates that pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
This implies that if volume decreases, pressure must increase. This implies that if pressure doubles, volume must be half, and if pressure is halved, volume must be doubled in order to maintain the K value.
If the volume is doubled and the pressure is tripled, the effect on the temperature will be 3 2 = 6 times. This is because for perfect gases, the temperature is directly related to both the volume and the pressure.
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Pleaseeesseeeeesssseredseeeesss
Answer:
B. Electrons travel through the sol
Explanation:
thats your answer :)
How much heat must be transferred to 55 g of ice to change the ice's
temperature from -13°C to -5.0°C? (The specific heat capacity of ice is 2.11
J/g.°C)
Describe the kinetic molecular theory of matter. Explain the relationship between heat, energy and temperature as part of this theory.
The kinetic molecular theory of matter explains the physical properties of matter and how they relate to their molecular structures. This theory states that matter is made up of tiny particles, called molecules, that are always in constant motion, even when in a solid state.
The kinetic molecular theory of matter helps in explaining the properties of matter and how it relates to the molecular structures of matter. According to this theory, the particles that make up matter are in constant motion regardless of their state of matter, and their motion is related to the state of matter they exist in. The theory is divided into three main postulates as follows:1. Matter is made up of tiny particles called molecules that are in constant motion, even when in a solid state.2. The movement of these particles increases with an increase in temperature, resulting in an increase in the kinetic energy of the particles.3.
The collisions between these particles and the walls of the container they are in result in the pressure exerted by the gas. The relationship between heat, energy, and temperature as part of the kinetic molecular theory is as follows:Heat is the transfer of energy between different systems, whereas temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system. This means that as heat is transferred into a system, the particles in that system will gain kinetic energy, which will lead to an increase in temperature.
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what are the points? I don't know what they are for. 10 points.
Without more information, it is not possible to answer this question. Points may be awarded for a variety of reasons, such as completing a task, achieving a goal, or winning a competition.
What is variety ?Variety is the state of having different forms, types, or ideas. It is a concept that can refer to a wide range of different things, from different cultures and ethnicities to different types of art and music. Variety can be seen in nature, as different species of animals and plants exist in different climates and ecosystems. Variety can also be found in the workplace, as different people bring different skills and perspectives to a job. Variety can also refer to different daily experiences, such as trying out different foods and activities. Variety is an important part of life, as it helps to bring variety to one's life and can help keep things interesting. Variety promotes creativity, as it encourages people to try new things and explore different options. Ultimately, variety adds spice to life and can help keep one's life interesting and enjoyable.
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Which of the following is used to break Water down to its elements:
A) Electricity
B) Pressure
C) Heat
D) Light
Which of the following is an ethical question?
A. Do clones have the same rights as humans?
B. Can we clone humans?
C. How do we clone humans?
D. Will cloning technology be useful?
Answer:
Do clones have the same rights as humans?
Explanation:
This is a question about ethics
The statement that is an ethical question is "Do clones have the same rights as humans?". That is option A.
What is an ethical question?An ethical question is a type of question that seeks for what the law says about a particular issue.
For example the question:
Do clones have the same rights as humans?: Here, the person wants to know according to the law if clones have the same right as humans.Learn more about clones here:
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ASAP..pls need help.....
what heppens when humans waste, biological waste and industrial waste is dumped into the water??
Answer:
It releases nutrients which causes rapid growth of planktons which leads to oxygen deficiency leading to death of aquatic animals,a phenomenon known as eutrophication.
Explanation:
The number is (400). Type the number of significant figures.
Which element is not abbreviated based on an ancient name?.
Radium (Ra) is an example of a chemical element which is not abbreviated based on an ancient name.
What is a chemical element?A chemical element can be defined as a pure substance that comprise atoms with the same atomic number (number of protons) in its atomic nucleus.
The examples of a chemical element.
In Chemistry, some examples of a chemical element include the following:
Carbon (C)Iron (Fe)Sodium (Na)Radium (Ra)Generally, a chemical symbol is typically used in chemistry to abbreviate an atom of a given element or a chemical element. Also, some chemical elements are not abbreviated based on an ancient name such as Radium (Ra).
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what type of chemical reaction is necessary for electrochemical processes?responsesredoxredoxdecompositiondecompositionsynthesissynthesiscombustion
The type of chemical reaction that is necessary for electrochemical processes is redox.
What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction refers to the process where a chemical substance is transformed into a different substance through a chemical change. In other words, the initial substance is transformed into a different substance that has different chemical properties.
A redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction that occurs when a substance loses or gains electrons. Redox reactions play an important role in electrochemical processes, such as batteries and corrosion processes
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What is generally true about the compressibility of solids
solids are not compressible, this is why it has a fixed shape
Eric wants to make sure he understands the parts of a good scientific investigation. He knows that scientific investigations include many different steps. During a scientific investigation, which step occurs after a scientist collects data?
A:Draw conclusions
B:Form the hypothesis
C: Plan the experiment
D: Follow the procedure
Answer:
B. Form the hypothesis
Explanation:
After collecting data and observations, a scientist makes a hypothesis and plans an experiment to test said hypothesis.
Use the diagram below to answer the Question.
Which convection zone region is shown at point 3?
Question 6 options:
polar region
temperate region
tropical region
Answer:
It should be tropical
Explanation:
tropical is the closest to the equator
BRAINLIEST?
What are these two processes called?
Plants consume
carbon dioxide and
release oxygen.
Animals consume
Oxygen and release
carbon dioxide.
Answer:
Plants consume carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
Answer: Photosynthesis
Animals consume oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
Answer: Respiration
Given the balanced equation representing a
reaction:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O + energy
4. Which mass of oxygen completely reacts with
4.0 grams of hydrogen to produce 36.0 grams of
water?
(1) 8.0 g
(2) 16.0 g
(3) 32.0 g
(4) 40.0 g
Answer: it would be number 3, 32.0g
Which type of change is freezing water into ice an example of?.
1. Calculate the frequency and energy of a light wave with wavelength 30 m.
Answer:
10000000
Explanation:
Use wave equation: c=frequency * wavelength
c=3.00*10^8 m/s
Thus,
\(\frac{3.00*10^{8} }{30}\)=10000000
1) Imran did an experiment to see how changing the surface area of limestone affected the rate with which it reacts with hydrochloric acid. He timed how long it took for the reaction to produce 50 cm³ of carbon dioxide gas from which he could calculate the rate in cm³ of carbon dioxide produced per second. size time (s) rate (cm³/s) large chips 150 0.33 a) What was the independent variable? b) What was the dependent variable? c) 1) List four variables that must be controlled. ii) Explain why they must be controlled. small chips 110 powder 15 d) Complete the table by calculating and filling in the missing rates. e) Which had the biggest surface area, large chips, small chips or powder? f) What is the relationship between the surface area and the time the reaction takes? . g) What is the relationship between the surface area and the reaction rate? h) Explain why changing the surface area affects the reaction rate in this way.
a) The independent variable was the surface area of the limestone (large chips, small chips, and powder).
b) The dependent variable was the rate of the reaction, measured in cm³ of carbon dioxide produced per second.
c) i) Four variables that must be controlled are:
Concentration of hydrochloric acidMass of limestoneTemperaturePressureii) These variables must be controlled to ensure that the only variable affecting the reaction rate is the surface area of the limestone.
What is the relationship between surface area and the rate of a reaction?The relationship between surface area and the rate of a reaction is that the rate of a reaction increases as the surface area of the reactants increases.
The missing rates can be calculated using the formula:
Rate = Volume of carbon dioxide produced ÷ Time taken to produce it
Size of limestone Time taken (s) Volume of carbon dioxide produced (cm³) Rate (cm³/s)
Large chips 150 50 0.33
Small chips 110 50 0.45
Powder 15 50 3.33
e) The powder had the biggest surface area.
f) The time taken for the reaction to occur decreases as the surface area of the limestone increases.
g) The reaction rate increases as the surface area of the limestone increases.
h) Changing the surface area of the limestone increases the frequency of collisions between the reactant particles (limestone and hydrochloric acid). This increase in the frequency of collisions results in an increase in the reaction rate.
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please name these chemicals.
Answer: Carbon,Hydrogen, Chlorine
Explanation:
C=Carbon
H=Hydrogen
Cl=Chlorine
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How is melting similar to freezing? How is it different?
Melting and freezing refer to the changes in state which occur when the solid and liquid states interchange. Melting occurs when a solid is heated and turns to a liquid and freezing occurs when a liquid is cooled and turns to a solid.
Answer:
Melting and freezing both require energy, however melting involves the speeding up of molecules, and freezing involves slowing them down
Explanation:
the electrically polar nature (positive and negative ends) of the water molecule accounts for: group of answer choices the fact that rivers flow downhill the fact that water vapor is a very strong greenhouse gas the fact that water boils at 100 degrees celsius the fact that water is a very strong solvent
The electrically polar nature of the water molecule, with positive and negative ends, accounts for the fact that water is a very strong solvent.
This polarity allows water molecules to attract and interact with other polar or charged molecules, such as salts, sugars, and acids, and dissolve them easily. However, this property does not directly affect the fact that rivers flow downhill, the fact that water vapor is a very strong greenhouse gas, or the fact that water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
The electrically polar nature (positive and negative ends) of the water molecule accounts for the fact that water is a very strong solvent. The polar nature of water allows it to dissolve various substances by attracting and surrounding their particles, leading to the separation and dispersion of those particles in the water.
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Four properties of water are listed.
It is colorless and odorless in its pure form.
It reacts with metals to form metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
When heated to 100 °C, water evaporates.
It decomposes to form hydrogen and oxygen.
Which are the physical properties of water? (3 points)