Rough-skinned newts produce a strong toxin called TTX as a defense mechanism against predators. Garter snakes can tolerate a very limited amount of the toxin. However, several populations of garter snakes have recently shown an increased tolerance for TTX. The different populations of snakes have independently acquired a gene variation that allows them to better block the effects of the toxin. Jason P ROSS/DreamstimeRough-skinned newt Garter snakeWhich of these is most likely to increase in garter snakes?a. the average number of genes in the garter snake populationsb. the number of times a garter snake replicates the variant genec. the frequency of the variant gene in the garter snake populationsd. the average number of times genes mutate to create a tolerance for the toxin
Answers
The most likely answer is (c) the frequency of the variant gene in the garter snake populations.
The increased tolerance for TTX in several populations of garter snakes suggests that the gene variation that allows them to better block the effects of the toxin has become more common in those populations over time. This increase in frequency of the variant gene is likely due to natural selection, where individuals with the gene variation are more likely to survive and reproduce than those without it. As a result, the gene variant becomes more prevalent in the population over time. Options (a) and (b) are unlikely to increase, as they are not directly related to the acquisition of the gene variation. Option (d) is also unlikely, as mutations occur randomly and may or may not result in a tolerance for the toxin. Natural selection would then act on any individuals with the beneficial mutation, increasing the frequency of that mutation in the population over time.
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Related Questions
Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart?.
Answers
The neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions of the heart is acetylcholine.
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that are produced inside the neuron and play a role in the nervous system to transmit messages from nerve cells to the targetted cells.
Acetylcholine is synthesized from acetyl-CoA and choline by the cholinergic neurons. Acetylcholine stimulates muscle cell contraction by binding to its receptors on muscle fibers which results in the opening of the sodium channels so that sodium ions can enter the cell which eventually results in contraction.
The muscarinic M2 receptors present in the heart slow down the heart rate by decreasing the rate of depolarization. Acetylcholine binds to these receptors and activates them which results in decreased contractions of the heart.
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The type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT ________. The type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells is important for all of the following functions EXCEPT ________. production of sperm and eggs asexual reproduction growth of a multicellular organism cell replacement
Answers
The type of cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells, known as mitosis, is important for all of the mentioned functions except the production of sperm and eggs.
Mitosis is involved in asexual reproduction, where it enables the organism to reproduce by producing genetically identical offspring. It is also crucial for the growth and development of multicellular organisms, allowing cells to divide and increase in number. Additionally, mitosis plays a significant role in cell replacement, replenishing damaged or old cells in tissues and organs.
However, the production of sperm and eggs involves a different type of cell division called meiosis. Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of haploid cells (sperm and eggs) with unique genetic combinations. This process is essential for sexual reproduction and the generation of genetic diversity in offspring.
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Which population will likely decrease in size in the near future?
Answers
Question
If a population's growth rate decreases as the population size approaches
carrying capacity, the population's growth follows a(n) ______ model.
exponential growth
density-dependent growth
geometric growth
logistic growth
2 of 20
Determine the density of a rabbit population, you would need to know the population count of the rabbits and ________.
the density-dependent limiting factors for that population.
their carrying capacity.
population distribution pattern.
the size of the habitat that the population lives in.
3 of 20
What has helped human populations to increase their carrying capacity in their environments?
agriculture
the ability to build shelters
improved food distribution systems
all of the above
4 of 20
Lichens are one of the first pioneer species on a newly formed volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean. This is an example of ________.
competitive exclusion.
a keystone species.
primary succession.
an endemic species.
5 of 20
May develop in response to predation?
Mimicry.
Cryptic coloration.
Warning coloration.
All of the above.
6 of 20
A(n) _______tends to have a greater impact on community structure than their abundance in the community might suggest.
invasive species
keystone species
endemic species
exotic species
7 of 20
Opportunistic species typically_________.
are large bodied.
follow a type II survivorship curve.
experience little intraspecific competition for resources.
reach sexual maturity slowly.
8 of 20
The best example of secondary succession?
A retreating glacier leaves behind bare rock, which is then colonized by lichens.
A lake steadily becomes shallower and more nutrient-rich over time.
A 100-year flood recently occurred.
After plowing a field, the farmer decided to rest the field for the next season. Over the next few weeks, native grasses and wild flowers began growing in the field. Within a couple of months, small shrubs became established.
9 of 20
Competition among individuals of different species is _______ competition.
extraspecific
intraspecific
interspecific
exospecific
10 of 20
On average, the ecological footprint of an American will be ________the ecological footprint of someone from a developing nation.
larger than
smaller than
about the same as
not comparable to
11 of 20
Is the intentional release of a natural enemy to attack a pest population?
Biological control
Coevolution
Sustainable resource management
Integrated pest management
12 of 20
A species whose members produce only a few offspring and exhibits a high level of parental care _______.
is opportunistic.
will follow a type I survivorship curve.
will be uniformly distributed.
will follow a type III survivorship curve.
13 of 20
In the presence of limiting factors, what shape does a population's growth curve most closely resemble?
S
J
U
∩
14 of 20
Mutualism has ________on one organism, and ________on the other organism.
a positive impact; no impact
a positive impact; negative impact
a negative impact; negative impact
a positive impact; positive impact
15 of 20
Most likely to have density-dependent effects on population growth?
temperature
breeding site availability
fires
floods
16 of 20
Developing nations tend to have higher ______than more highly developed nations.
ecological footprints
life expectancies
ecological services
fertility rates
17 of 20
Level of ecology studies interactions between populations of different species?
Community
Organismal
Population
Ecosystem
18 of 20
A broad-based, pyramid-shaped age structure diagram for a human nation indicates that nation should consider ________.
planning additional retirement services for an aging population.
investing more significantly in childcare and youth education.
importing additional young workers to continue to generate adequate tax revenues.
encouraging people to have more children.
19 of 20
Random plot sampling is used to estimate ______, and the estimate will be the most accurate when the population is _______distributed.
population size; randomly
population density; randomly
population size; uniformly
population density; uniformly
20 of 20
Might be studied by an ecosystem ecologist?
competitive exclusion between two species of fruit flies
how the intensity of light impacts the distribution of algae in a stream
the use of mark-recapture to estimate the number of elk in the Kaibab National Forest of Arizona.
predator-prey interactions between the lynx and snow shoes hares
Answer:
It looks like Italy could be the closest
Explanation:
omg is that GOOOOOOOOOOOON lol sorry-
Especially considering it would have to be based off the how many children are alive because theyll be the future. And Italy is thinner than the U.S and Kenya.
Or I could be reading this incorrectly-
The speaker compares the students waiting to take their drivers test to deer trapped in headlights in order to
Answers
The speaker compares the students waiting to take their drivers test to deer trapped in headlights in order to describe how nervous they look.
A drivers test is important for you to receive your permit within the country. Only with a legitimate permit are you able to ride or drive your two-wheeler and hackney coach in Republic of India. A drivers test contains of a theory half beside a sensible assessment likewise.
To not feel nervous while giving the drivers test, read through and con rules, road sign symbols, and different data which will be necessary to grasp throughout your take a test and this may take a bit of the nervousness away as a result of you’ll be mentally ready to pass the take a look at.
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jill is rh negative. her first baby was rh negative. she is pregnant again, but the baby is rh positive. without medical treatment, will jill make antibodies that may attack the baby's blood?
Answers
Yes, if Jill's blood comes in contact with the Rh-positive blood of her developing baby during pregnancy or childbirth, her body may produce antibodies against the Rh factor, a protein found on the surface of red blood cells.
This can occur because Jill is Rh-negative and her baby is Rh-positive, which means that the baby's blood cells may enter Jill's bloodstream during delivery or if there is any bleeding during the pregnancy.
The production of Rh antibodies by Jill's immune system can lead to a condition known as Rh incompatibility or Rh disease. These antibodies can cross the placenta and attack the baby's red blood cells, leading to hemolytic anemia (destruction of red blood cells) and potentially causing serious complications such as jaundice, brain damage, and even death.
To prevent this, Jill can receive a medication called Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) during her pregnancy and after delivery. RhIg works by preventing Jill's immune system from recognizing the Rh factor on her baby's red blood cells and producing antibodies against them. This treatment is highly effective in preventing Rh disease and is a routine part of prenatal care for Rh-negative women who are carrying an Rh-positive baby.
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A deletion mutation occurs when a base is _____.
A.cadded
B. multiplied
C. removed
Answers
Explanation:
A deletion mutation occurs when a base is ___
B. multiplied
the results of experiment 3 indicate that gut specification during the four-cell stage requires cell-to-cell communication between:
Answers
The conclusion that cell-to-cell communication between P2 and EMS is necessary for gut specification during the four-cell stage is supported by Experiment 3.
The conclusion that cell-to-cell communication between P2 and EMS is necessary for gut specification during the four-cell stage is supported by Experiment 3. As demonstrated the main case in which stomach separation came about, paying little mind to how long the cells were left in the four-cell stage, was the blend of EMS and P2 cells. In the four-cell stage, gut differentiation was still observed in EMS and P2 cells that underwent zero minutes of incubation.
This supports the decision that there is a prerequisite for cell-to-cell correspondence among P2 and EMS for stomach determination to occur.
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how the disease spread by bacteria transmit from one person to another explain.
Answers
Explanation:
Germs can spread:
directly from person to person orindirectly from an infected person to the environment (for example toys, door handles, bench tops, bedding and toilets) and then to another person who comes in contact with the contaminated environmental source.Germs can enter the body through the:
mouthrespiratory tracteyesgenitalsbroken skin.Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?
a. All cells come from preexisting cells.
b. Cells make up molecules.
c. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function for life
d. All living things are composed of cells
Answers
in goldfish, the twin-tailed trait has two alleles. goldfish that have a heterozygous genotype produce the single-tailed phenotype. this means that goldfish with the twin-tailed phenotype must be
Answers
Answer:
Homozygous recessive
Explanation:
This is because if single-tailed is heterozygous the alleles would be Tt which would mean the single-tailed trait is dominant and twin-tailed is recessive.
T = Single t = twin
So, for a recessive trait to show there would have to be two of them with would make it tt which is homozygous recessive since both of them are recessive.
In a Dihybrid cross, two heterozygous parents, AaBb x AaBb have an offspring. What is the ratio of the offspring??
Answers
b. Why do most organisms that reproduce sexually contain an even number of Hint: Think about the chromosomes contained in diploid cells. chromosomes? (1 point)
Answers
For example, during cell division, chromosomes pair up and separate into two daughter cells, with one copy of each chromosome going to each cell. If there were an odd number of chromosomes, it would be impossible for each daughter cell to receive an equal number of chromosomes, which could result in genetic abnormalities and developmental problems.
Having an even number of chromosomes in diploid cells ensures that each daughter cell receives an equal and complete set of chromosomes during cell division, which is essential for normal growth and development.
he role of water in the lysozyme active site is to: a. stabilize the leaving polysaccharide chain. b. more than one answer. c. stabilize the hypothetical oxonium ion d. reopen the intramolecular 5-membered ring on the ribose. e. regenerate the active form of the catalytic residues at the active site.
Answers
The role of water in the lysozyme active site is to stabilize the hypothetical oxonium ion and regenerate the active form of the catalytic residues at the active site. Options B and E are the correct answer.
Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls by cleaving the polysaccharide chains present in them.
The active site of lysozyme contains an acidic residue, which acts as a proton donor, and a nucleophilic residue, which attacks the glycosidic bond in the bacterial cell wall. Water molecules play an essential role in the lysozyme active site.
They act as hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, stabilizing the hypothetical oxonium ion intermediate formed during the cleavage of the polysaccharide chain.
The water molecules also reopen the intramolecular 5-membered ring on the ribose, which facilitates the regeneration of the active form of the catalytic residues at the active site.
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the cells in this part of a plant transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. want is the most likely structure of specialized cells whose function it is to transport water and nutrients throughout a plant.
Answers
Answer:
Vascular tissue
Explanation:
compare and contrast the difference between isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic iv solutions including when they are used and examples of each.
Answers
Isotonic solutions have the same osmolarity as bodily fluids, hypotonic solutions have a lower osmolarity, while hypertonic solutions have a higher osmolarity.
What are isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic iv solutions ?Here is a comparison of the three:
Isotonic solutions: These have the same concentration of solutes as that of the blood plasma. They do not cause any significant movement of water into or out of the cells. Examples of isotonic solutions include 0.9% saline and lactated Ringer's solution. They are used to treat dehydration, shock, and fluid loss due to burns or surgery.
Hypotonic solutions: These have a lower concentration of solutes than the blood plasma. They cause water to move into the cells, leading to swelling and potential rupture of the cells. Examples of hypotonic solutions include 0.45% saline and D5W (5% dextrose in water). They are used to treat conditions such as hypertonic dehydration and hypernatremia.
Hypertonic solutions: These have a higher concentration of solutes than the blood plasma. They cause water to move out of the cells, leading to shrinkage of the cells. Examples of hypertonic solutions include 3% saline and 10% dextrose in water. They are used to treat conditions such as hyponatremia, hypovolemia, and to reduce intracranial pressure.
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what would happen to seed germination if the seed was sitting in water saturated soils will give brainliest
Answers
Answer:
When the soil is overly saturated with water, the oxygen gets deplenished; in other words there is no space for the oxygen molecules to enter the plant when the soil is high in water content. Thus, the seed will not sprout.
Why do you need to prepare dilutions of the stock solution?
Answers
It is important to prepare dilutions of a stock solution for several reasons:
Accuracy: Dilutions allow for more accurate measurements of a solution. When dealing with very small amounts of a substance, it can be difficult to measure out the exact amount needed. By diluting a stock solution, you can more accurately measure the amount of substance you need.Safety: Some substances can be harmful or dangerous in their concentrated form. Diluting a stock solution can reduce the risk of harm and make it safer to handle.Convenience: Preparing dilutions of a stock solution allows you to create multiple concentrations of the same substance without having to measure out small amounts of the substance each time. This can save time and effort in the long run.Overall, preparing dilutions of a stock solutionis an important step in many scientific experiments and procedures, as it allows for more accurate, safe, and convenient handling of substances.
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What happens when enteric coated drug products are taken with proton pump inhibitors? a. This reduces absorption of the proton pump inhibitor.
b. This enhances excretion of the enteric coated drug product.
c. This causes premature drug release of the enteric coated product.
d. This leads to increased intestinal motility.
Answers
When enteric coated drug products are taken with proton pump inhibitors, this causes premature drug release of the enteric coated product. Option c.
When enteric coated drug products are taken with proton pump inhibitors, the enteric coating may dissolve prematurely due to the decrease in stomach acid caused by the proton pump inhibitor.
This can lead to the drug being released earlier than intended, potentially causing irritation to the stomach lining and reducing the effectiveness of the drug.
It is important to be aware of potential drug interactions, such as this one, when taking medications.
Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new medication or combining medications.
Hence, the correct answer is Option c.
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What happened to animals are producers are not available to photosynthesize?
Answers
Answer:
They will find another food source or starve
Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following, except:
A. capsule and exotoxins are virulence factors.
B. anaerobic.
C. reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil.
D. gram positive bacillus.
E. sporeformer
Answers
Characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include all the following, except anaerobic. Bacillus anthracis is an aerobic, gram-positive bacillus that forms spores, and has a capsule and exotoxins as virulence factors. Its reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil. The correct answer is: B. anaerobic.
Bacillus anthracis is not anaerobic, it is a facultative anaerobe. It can grow both aerobically and anaerobically. Other characteristics of Bacillus anthracis include being a gram positive bacillus, a sporeformer, and having capsule and exotoxins as virulence factors. Its reservoir includes infected grazing animals and contaminated soil.
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The Lederberg experiment that used the technique of replica plating showed that mutations _____ and are not a result of _____.
Answers
The Lederberg experiment that used the technique of replica plating showed that mutations are random and are not a result of the needs of the organism.
What is a random mutation?Random mutations are just that, they are changes in the genome of an organism that arise randomly. These mutations are the backbone of evolution and natural selection in that when they arise, if the organism becomes more adapted to survival as a result of this mutation, it increases its odds of survival through natural selection.
Therefore, we can confirm that The Lederberg experiment that used the technique of replica plating showed that mutations are random and are not a result of the needs of the organism.
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what is the advantage of using the standard plate count over other enumeration methods when determining the safety of a food or water sample? multiple choice it provides a count of only living bacteria which represent the safety concern. it allows for a count of bacteria that are not easy to culture. it takes very little time and materials. it counts all bacteria, living and dead, to provide an overall picture of organism density.
Answers
The standard plate count approach is better for assessing food and water safety since it counts only live bacteria. The classic plate count method includes inoculating a diluted sample onto an agar medium and letting the bacteria develop into visible colonies.
Each colony is a live, potentially harmful bacterium. Counting colonies estimates the sample's live bacteria. For sample safety, this approach counts live bacteria. Living bacteria can grow and reproduce, making them most likely to cause foodborne or waterborne infections. The standard plate count approach better estimates sample risk by counting only live bacteria.
Microscopic examination or DNA-based approaches may count living and dead bacteria or non-viable cells. These approaches may overestimate bacterial density and safety by not distinguishing viable from non-viable bacteria.
Thus, the standard plate count method targets living bacteria, making it easier to assess food or water sample safety.
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which symptoms are consistent with crohn's disease? (select all that apply.) group of answer choices diarrhea constipation excessive folate dysphagia abdominal pain weight loss
Answers
Symptoms consistent with Crohn's disease include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, options A, E and F are correct.
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that primarily affects the gastrointestinal tract. Persistent diarrhea is a hallmark symptom, often accompanied by urgency and frequent bowel movements. Abdominal pain is another common feature, typically cramp-like and localized to the lower right abdomen but can occur in any part of the abdomen.
Unintentional weight loss is frequently observed due to reduced appetite, malabsorption of nutrients, and increased metabolic demands associated with the disease. While other symptoms like fatigue, fever, rectal bleeding, and reduced appetite may also occur, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss are the most consistent indicators of Crohn's disease. Consulting a healthcare professional is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of the condition, options A, E and F are correct.
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The complete question is:
Which symptoms are consistent with crohn's disease? (select all that apply.) group of answer choices
A. diarrhea
B. constipation
C. excessive folate
D. dysphagia
E. abdominal pain
F. weight loss
which of the following processes explains how a single gene could code for more than one protein
Answers
What is a known health problem caused by smokeless tobacco?
emphysema
lung cancer
mouth cancer
cataracts in the eyes
Answers
Other effects
can lead to a nicotine addictioncauses cancer of the mouth, esophagus (the passage that connects the throat to the stomach), and pancreas (a gland that helps with digestion and maintaining proper blood sugar levels)can increase risks for early delivery and stillbirth when used during pregnancymay increase the risk for death from heart disease and strokeAnswer:
Mouth Cancer, examples of smokeless Tabaco are chew and dip.
true or false a tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move.
Answers
The given statement "A tendon sheath is a fat pad that fills the spaces that form when bones move" is false.A tendon sheath is a layer of synovial membrane that surrounds a tendon, providing lubrication and reducing friction between the tendon and surrounding structures. It does not fill spaces formed when bones move.
In contrast, a fat pad is a collection of adipose tissue that provides cushioning and protection to structures, such as joints, during movement. A tendon sheath is not a fat pad that fills spaces when bones move.
A tendon sheath is a specialized structure that surrounds certain tendons in the body, particularly those that are located near joints. The sheath is a long, thin tube made of synovial tissue that helps to reduce friction as the tendon moves back and forth within the sheath.
The synovial tissue within the sheath produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the tendon and reduces wear and tear.
Fat pads, on the other hand, are specialized connective tissue structures that are found in various locations throughout the body, including around joints. These pads provide cushioning and shock absorption to protect the joint and surrounding tissues from excessive pressure or impact.
However, they do not play a role in surrounding tendons or reducing friction during movement.
In summary, while both tendon sheaths and fat pads are important structures in the body, they serve different purposes and are not interchangeable.
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SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Applying the "If... then" logic of science (see Chapter 1 ), what are a few of the predictions that arise from the hypothesis that plants evolved from green algae? Put another way, how could you test this hypothesis?
Answers
According to the hypothesis, it is predicted that plants may have evolved from green algae. Some predictions that arise from this hypothesis are as follows:
If the hypothesis is accurate, then some algae may possess characteristics that are similar to those of plants, such as possessing a photosynthetic pigment that is common to plants and algae.If the hypothesis is accurate, then chloroplasts and mitochondria may have arisen from an endosymbiotic association between ancestral eukaryotic cells and photosynthetic prokaryotes such as cyanobacteria, which was facilitated by the ingestion of photosynthetic prokaryotes into host eukaryotic cells as food sources.
Furthermore, scientists may compare chloroplasts and mitochondria to cyanobacteria and other prokaryotes in order to investigate if the organelles have evolved from them or if they have different origins.Another prediction is that the presence of cellulose in the walls of some green algae may suggest an evolutionary connection with plants. Furthermore, examining the genetic sequence similarities and differences between algae and plants, as well as tracing the evolutionary changes in various photosynthetic pigments over time, may assist in testing the hypothesis.
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What process breaks glucose down to be used as an energy source?
Answers
Answer:
Cellular respiration is the aerobic process by which living cells break down glucose molecules, release energy, and form molecules of ATP
Explanation:
Is a Jack Russell a good family dog?
Answers
This active pooch is a perfect family dog, especially if you have kids over the age of three or four. They have an adventurous nature so it's best if you have an adventurous side too. Jack Russells do tend to get bored, so it's best if they have a family that can really give them the time of day.
How are detritovores different from decomposers?
a. Detritovores eat the detritus, decomposers break down dead material into detritus
b. Both detritovores and decomposers do the same thing, they are not different.
c. Decomposers eat detritus that the detritovores make.
d. Decomposers always eat dead material and detritovores sometimes use photosynthesis to get energy.
Answers
Answer:
I think it's option B
Explanation:
Decomposers like bacteria and fungi don't eat their food, they decompose it externally. Also, decomposers consume nutrients on a molecular level while detritivores eat large amount of decaying material and excrete nutrients.
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