some prokaryotes attach to other substrates by hairlike outgrowths, which are shorter than flagella. these are called select one or more: a. endospores. b. pili. c. plasmids. d. flagellin.

Answers

Answer 1

The hairlike outgrowths that are shorter than flagella and allow prokaryotes to attach to other substrates are called pili.

Pili, also known as fimbriae, are thin, hairlike appendages found on the surface of some prokaryotic cells. They are composed of protein subunits called pilin. Pili are shorter than flagella and serve various functions, including attachment to surfaces, facilitating the transfer of genetic material between cells (conjugation), and forming biofilms. By attaching to substrates, pili enable prokaryotes to colonize specific environments and participate in processes like bacterial adhesion to host tissues or forming aggregates on solid surfaces. Pili can be present in different numbers and lengths depending on the species and their specific roles.

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Related Questions

why is glucose important to all life on Earth

Answers

Answer:

Glucose is arguably the most important monosaccharide because it is used in respiration to provide energy for cells.

Explanation:

The energy stored in the bonds of glucose molecule is converted by a series of reactions into energy that is usable by cells.

Why
laboratory rats kept and studied in the exclusion zone?

Answers

They are studied by the scientist so that they can examin them time to time

At one point in the Bike Trip described in the passage, you traveled 1 kilometer in 0.1 hours. What was your speed during that time period? (don't provide units for your answer)

Answers

Answer:1 hope this helps

Explanation: I just took that quiz

Answer: it’s 1

Explanation: I took the quiz on canvas

Select the correct location on the graph.
The graph shows the area of land deforested in a certain region each year from 1990 to 2004. Which bar on the graph corresponds to the year in
which human activity would have caused the greatest single-year change in biodiversity in the
region?
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
miles)
Area Deforested
(square
1990
1991
1992
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1996
1995
1997
1998
1999
Year
2001
2000
2002
2003
2004

Answers

Answer:

10,000

Explanation:

What is the purpose of stems in plants?

Answers

Answer:

The primary functions of the stem are to support the leaves; to conduct water and minerals to the leaves, where they can be converted into usable products by photosynthesis; and to transport these products from the leaves to other parts of the plant, including the roots.

hope this helps

have a good day :)

Explanation:

Answer:

The primary functions of the stem are to support the leaves; to conduct water and minerals to the leaves, where they can be converted into usable products by photosynthesis; and to transport these products from the leaves to other parts of the plant, including the roots.

Explanation:

hope this helps

1. Creation of offspring of the same kind *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Reproduction
Respiration


2. Using oxygen to release energy from food *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration


3. A young elephant eventually weights more than 12,000 pounds *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration


4. A mouse is composed of cells *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration


5. A person maintains a stable body temperature and blood sugar levels *
Nutrition
Groth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration

6. A bean seed produces a bean plant *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration


7. Responding to changes in the environment
utrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration


8. A worm turns away from a hot, bright light *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration


9. An organism obtains materials from the environment to help it grow and get energy *
Nutrition
Growth
Homeostasis
Stimuli
Cellular
Excretion
Reproduction
Respiration


10. What is the smallest unit of all living things? *
Organs
Cells
Energy
Atoms

Answers

Answer:

1. Reproduction

Explanation:

is the biological process by which new individual organisms – "offspring" – are produced from their "parents". Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction.

Why are non-native, invasive species sometimes problematic for ecosystem stability?​

Answers

Answer:

The bring problems with them.

Explanation:

For example if you bring a insect from over seas and it gets releast into a farm land it could kill off all the crops.

Where on Earth can you find collision zones?

Answers

Answer:

You can find collision zones on the edge of the Pacific Ocean offshore Washington, Canada, Alaska, Russa, Japan, and Indonisa.

Explanation:

Start off with 2,500 plants of which 50% have medium-tip leaves, 25% have wide-tip leaves, and 25% have drip-tip leaves. Each circle in your simulation will represent 125 organisms. Calculate how many circles you need for each trait, and then create your simulation. Be sure to include a key that states the color coding for each trait

Answers

robbing someone of oxygen. 2: to pass away from lack of air. to choke or smother someone or something. The flowers we planted are being choked out by weeds. 4. to experience a dearth of fresh air.

With an atomic number of 8 and the chemical symbol O, oxygen is the eighth chemical element. It belongs to the chalcogen group in the periodic table, is a very reactive nonmetal, and is an oxidising agent that easily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. The most plentiful element on Earth and the third most prevalent element in the universe (after helium and hydrogen) is oxygen. The element forms dioxygen, an odorless and colorless diatomic gas with the formula O2 when two of its atoms come together at ordinary temperature and pressure. Currently, 20.95% of the Earth's atmosphere is made up of diatomic oxygen gas, however, over very long stretches of time, this percentage has shifted significantly. The Earth's crust is over 50% oxides, which are composed of oxygen.

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answer pls


bio


will give brainliest to correct answer!!

answer plsbiowill give brainliest to correct answer!!

Answers

Answer:

genome, cloning

Explanation:

Bacterial plasmids carry a genome against a specific antibiotic. The process whereby bacterial cells take up the plasmid with the resistance gene is called cloning.

Answer:

genome, gene of resistance

Explanation

bacterial plasmids may carry a genome against a specific antibiotic. the process whereby bacterial cells take up the plasmid with the resistance gene is called

gene of resistance.

hope this helps you

(a) Christina wants to increase the number of eggs per year by using selective breeding.

(i)Which two chickens should she breed together?

(ii) Christina chooses chickens to breed from the offspring.
Which ones should she choose?

(a) Christina wants to increase the number of eggs per year by using selective breeding.(i)Which two

Answers

Simple is a good word to describe the fundamental approach. It is likely that her daughters will likewise be effective layers if you breed from the hen that produces the most eggs. This is so because a hen's genes, which she gets from her parents, play a factor in determining how many eggs she lays.

How did chickens raised for meat become a product of selective breeding?

Increased growth rate and higher meat output were the primary objectives of selective breeding in meat chickens in the 1960s (i.e. producing larger chickens in less time). These days, the strategy is much more balanced, with health and wellbeing of the breeding animals playing a key role.

Inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing are methods used in animal breeding.

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Only a small amount of energy consumed by an organism is available to flow to the next organism in a food web. Which of the following statements explains a reason for this?

a
Most of the energy is used for life processes or lost as heat in the atmosphere.
b
Primary and secondary consumers compete for food.
c
There are many more producers than consumers in a food web.
d
There are many more consumers than producers in a food web.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Because as energy is transfer from on trophic level to another by eating energy is loss to both the environment as well as the previous organism which used some of the energy for life process like respiration

I would say the answer is c

Reasoning for an argumentative essay should be

logical
neutral
emotional
popular

Answers

Answer:

A: Logical

Explanation:

I did the quiz

Answer:

logical

Explanation:

The human body systems work together to carry out jobs to keep you alive. Give an
example of how the respiratory system and circulatory system work together to get
oxygen distributed to all the cells of the body.

Answers

Answer: The respiratory system intakes oxygen, and expels C02, and the circulatory system transports that oxygen to the cells, while moving the C)2 to the circulatory system to be expelled.

Explanation:

1 point The best evidence for evolution comes from 1. biochemical evidence 2. natural selection 3. the fossil record 4. comparative anatomy 5. genetics 6. comparative embryology O 2 03 4 5 ON The id

Answers

Evolution is a long process that takes place over a very long period. It is often said to be gradual because it can take hundreds of generations to produce any noticeable change.

Fossil evidence, biochemical evidence, and comparative anatomy are some of the most compelling pieces of evidence for evolution. Genetics, natural selection, and comparative embryology are some of the others.In this context, the best evidence for evolution comes from the fossil record.

The fossil record gives us a glimpse into the distant past and shows us the evolution of life over time. We can see how different organisms have evolved and how they have adapted to changing environments. The fossil record also shows us how life has changed over time and how new species have emerged from existing ones.

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sometimes tectonic plates shift past each other in____ directions at their boundary

Answers

sometimes tectonic plates shift past each other in divergent directions at their boundary

What is a tectonic plate?

A tectonic plate or lithospheric plate is a massive, irregularly shaped  solid rock composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.

The Plate size can vary greatly that is from a few hundred to thousands of kilometers across the Pacific and Antarctic Plates and the Plate thickness also varies greatly.

Continental crust is made up of granitic rocks which contain relatively lightweight minerals such as quartz and feldspar where as  oceanic crust is made up of basaltic rocks, which are much denser and heavier.

Most of the boundaries between the plates is not seen, because they are hidden beneath the oceans and oceanic plate boundaries can be mapped accurately.

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What gave the smooth ER its name?

Answers

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER) got its name due to its appearance under an electron microscope.

Unlike the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which has ribosomes attached to its surface giving it a rough texture, the smooth ER has a continuous, smooth membrane without ribosomes. This membrane-bound organelle plays a crucial role in lipid synthesis, metabolism, and detoxification of drugs and toxins. It also helps regulate calcium ions in the cell and participates in the breakdown of glycogen.

This structure allows the smooth ER to perform specific functions, such as lipid and steroid synthesis, detoxification of harmful substances, and calcium ion storage. The absence of ribosomes and its associated smooth appearance led scientists to name this organelle the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

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Please help!

Write the name of the r pyramid on the line above each pyramid. Then, below, explain the relationships among trophic levels that are shown by the pyramids.

Please help!Write the name of the r pyramid on the line above each pyramid. Then, below, explain the

Answers

The pyramids represents the hierarchical relationship between the different organisms at various trophic level represented in the form of ecological pyramids.

What do you mean by Ecological pyramids?

Any of the progressively higher tiers in a food chain, where consumers are found at the primary, secondary, and tertiary levels and producers are at the bottom. Detritivores, commonly referred to as decomposers, are occasionally believed to have their own trophic level.

1.First Trophic Level: Autotrophs.

2. Second Trophic Level: Primary Consumers.

3. Third Trophic Level: Secondary Consumers.

4. Fourth Trophic Level: Tertiary Consumers.

5. Fifth Trophic Level: Quaternary Consumers

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this answer i need pls ill mark brainliest

this answer i need pls ill mark brainliest

Answers

All - growth, exchange of gases, excretion, reproduction, and death (option d).

All living organisms undergo various life processes to maintain their existence. Let's analyze each option to determine which life processes are carried out by an organism's cells:

A. Only growth and exchange of gases: While cells are involved in growth and exchange of gases, they also participate in other life processes. This option is incomplete.

B. Only growth, exchange of gases, and reproduction: Cells play a crucial role in reproduction as they are responsible for the production of gametes and the process of cell division. However, there are additional life processes that cells also undertake.

C. Only growth, exchange of gases, excretion, and reproduction: This option includes excretion in addition to growth, exchange of gases, and reproduction. Cells participate in excretion by eliminating waste materials. However, there is one more life process that cells experience.

D. All - growth, exchange of gases, excretion, reproduction, and death: This option encompasses all the mentioned life processes. Cells are involved in growth as they undergo cell division and increase in number. They exchange gases through processes like respiration. Cells excrete waste products. They participate in reproduction through the formation of gametes and cell division. Lastly, cells also experience death as they have a limited lifespan.

Therefore, the correct answer is D. All - growth, exchange of gases, excretion, reproduction, and death.

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the rungs of the dna ladder are formed by base pairs?

Answers

The rungs of the DNA ladder are formed by base pairs and

joined by hydrogen bonds.

The structure of DNA is frequently referred to as a "double helix," with the "ladder" analogy used to explain the molecule's look. The ladder's "rungs" are made up of pairs of nitrogenous bases, which are the building blocks of DNA. The nitrogenous bases of DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), and they form the "rungs" of the DNA ladder in a precise order (A with T, and C with G).These nitrogen bases form A-T and C-G pairs through two and three hydrogen bonds, respectively. These base pairs connect the two complementary DNA strands.

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The word element _____ means voice.
Select one:
a. -pnea
b. -phonia
c. -pneum
d. none of the choices

Answers

The word element that means voice is "-phon" (option b). The term "-phon" is derived from the Greek word "phone," which means sound or voice. It is commonly used in various words related to sound, voice, or speech.

For example, words like "telephone," "symphony," and "microphone" contain the "-phon" element, indicating their connection to sound or voice. The suffix "-phon" is often used in medical and scientific terminology to describe concepts related to voice or sound production. For instance, "dysphonia" refers to a disorder affecting the voice, "phonetics" is the study of speech sounds, and "aphonia" signifies the loss of voice. By understanding the meaning of "-phon," we can decipher the significance of these words and recognize their connection to voice-related concepts.

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Is resting between games aerobic or anaerobic and why?

Answers

Answer: aerobic

Explanation:

relating to, involving, or requiring free oxygen. And literally is taking breaks when needed for training or working out.

is the definition while anaerobic is more towards the tougher work and shorter rest periods.

If you're talking about video games this can still apply.

HOPE THIS HELPS ^w^

If the producer level of the energy pyramid start with 5000 calories how many calories will transfer to the secondary consumers

Answers

Explanation:

Only 10% of calories will be transfered to the next higher level.

5000 * 0.1 = 500.

500 calories will transfer to the secondary consumers.

The number of calories that will be transferred to secondary consumers will be-

10% of 5000 = 500 and

10% of 500 =50 calories.

What is the ten percent law?

The ten percent law explains the energy transfer among the trophic levels in a food chain. It was given by Raymond Lindemann.

According to this law, when the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, ninety percent of the energy is lost in the form of heat and only ten percent of the energy is received by the next trophic level.

For example, if an energy level or a trophic level has 10,000 calories, only ten percent will be received by the next energy level which is 1000 calories.

In an ecosystem, energy is produced by primary producers. If the primary producers start with 5000 calories of energy, the energy received by the next trophic level, i.e by the primary consumers will be ten percent of 5000. This will be equal to 500.

Therefore the energy received by secondary consumers will be ten percent of 500, which will be equal to 50 calories.

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How can materials exit a cell by active transport

Answers

Answer:  through protein pumps or exocytosis.

Explanation:

What is the correct genotype for a person who is heterozygous for autosomal hypertrichosis?
- HH
- hh
- Hh

Answers

Hh is the answer, not sure tho.

Large volcanic eruptions can sometimes lead to a decrease in the
amount of life on Earth. Please describe how volcanic discharge can lead
to this decrease in biodiversity. (Hint: What does a Volcano erupting do to
the area surrounding it? Kills plant and animal life?)

answer ASAP please

Answers

Answer:

Plants are destroyed over a wide area, during an eruption . ... Aquatic life can be affected by an increase in acidity, increased turbidity, change in temperature, ...

Explanation:

hopefully its right!

how long does mint takes to grow and when it will get done growing

Answers

Answer:

Sow outdoors in late spring or start seed indoors about eight to 10 weeks before the last frost. Keep soil moist until the seed germinates. Mint seed germinates in 10 to 15 days. Seed-grown plants should reach harvestable size within two months.

Answer:

i think 8 weeks

Explanation:

what is a primary reason for the strength difference in males vs. females?

Answers

The primary reason for the strength difference in males vs. females is because males have greater amounts of lean body mass (LBM) than females.

Males have a higher amount of skeletal muscle and bones mass that contributes to their higher strength compared to females.Apart from the hormonal difference, there are also differences in body composition. Males have more muscle, and females have more body fat, while muscle is denser than fat.

Women's average body weight is significantly lower than men's, with females comprising 40-50% of total body fat and males averaging 20-30%. Therefore, in general, males have more muscle mass than females, and that is why males are generally stronger than females.

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Which sentence BEST expresses the central ideas of the passage?
Zebra mussels can adapt to a variety of environments,
O but their ability to adapt to slightly salty water is of
special concern.
O
O
O
Zebra mussels have spread from oceans to lakes,
causing other mussel species to become extinct.
O
Zebra mussels are adaptable mollusks, and they can
survive on land for several days.
O
Zebra mussels have spread rapidly, threatening other
species.

Answers

Zebra mussels are adaptive mollusks that can spend days on land without food.

The ideal answer is C.

Zebra mussels are able to survive in seawater.

This bivalve mollusk is only found in the Caspian and Black Sea lagoons and associated inflowing rivers. It can only withstand slightly salty fresh and brackish water for its daily needs.

How do zebra mussels affect the environment?

Zebra mussels, like the ones in the photo above, can ruin boat motors, clog water filtration lines, and make beaches unusable. Zebra mussels are a tiny but significant nuisance. This crayfish and other objects can be swiftly encrusted by these mussels.

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Suggest a reason for the difference in lactic acid threshold of athletes P and Q

Answers

A reason for the difference in the lactic acid threshold of athletes P and Q is that P is more physically fit and trained than Q.

The level of effort at which lactic acid, or lactate, starts to build up in the blood is known as the lactic acid threshold. The energy needed for low-intensity exercise can be entirely produced by using oxygen-dependent mechanisms (aerobic), and this can go on forever.

The lactic acid threshold is often reached by well-trained runners at 90% of their maximum heart rate and at a pace akin to that of a half-marathon. The lactate threshold typically occurs for less seasoned runners somewhere below 90% of the maximum heart rate.

One can raise the lactic acid threshold by running intervals. Interval training involves frequently exceeding your lactate threshold while jogging a predetermined distance at your highest speed, followed by a recovery pause. For instance, you might decide to sprint 400 meters around a track.

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With regards to wireless network technology, which technology breaks each conversation into packets, which are sent sequentially, along with other conversations, over a single selected frequency? Write a program that prompts the user to enter two positive integers a and b with a < b and then prints the list of all the perfect squares that are between a and b, inclusive Which system of equations below has infinitely many solutions?A y = 3x + 4 and 3x + 3y = 4B 2x + 2y = 10 and y = -x + 5C y = 4x + 5 and y = 4x + 8D y = 3x - 2 and y = -2x + 3Please help HELP DUE IN 7 MINUTES according to kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, concern with _____ is characteristic of the most advanced level of moral reasoning. in the spectra, the reason why aspirin contains 4 peaks in the aromatic region is Can some please help me please I will give 30 points of answer is right and marked as brainliest also no links please If an inverting amplifier with a negative gain of 60 dB and feedback of =0.1 has a gain change of 20% due to temperature, calculate the change in gain of the feedback amplifier. simplify: 3 1/8 + 1 2/3 2/3 5/12simplify: 1 1/2 - ( 8 1/3 2 1/2) 1 1/5 of ( 1 1/4 1 2/3)simplify: 1 1/4 + 2 1/2 - 1 3/4 What point of view do most authors use when writing informational text? What do diatoms and krill have in common? Type the next step in the pattern. 4, 12, 6, 18, 9, Pay close attention to the world choice in this speech. The speaker is mainly concerned with convincing which of these groups of people of the correctness of his viewpoint ? People who reside in other countries with civil warsPeople who have fought or lost loved ones on this battle Potential political allies for future election campaigns Residents of the area who could see the battle from home Find the expression 10.8-20.2+11-(-38.5) The era right after the fall of the Roman Empire is known as the ....? You roll two 6-sided dice. What is the probability that you would roll an even number on the first dice and a number greater than 4 on the second? Exercise 1Choose the correct preposition in the following sentences.1. I'll see you (on/at) Tuesday.2. I'll see you (on / at) the airport.3.Where are you going (with / for) Christmas?4. I've just bought a new book (of/ by / through) Ronald Giphart.This is the narrowest house (in/ of) London.5.6. Why don't you come and stay (with / by / at) us?7. What would you like to drink (by / at / with) your meal?8. I couldn't leave (because of / through) the rain.9. I don't know him (by/ through / at) name.10. (Halfway in / Halfway through / Halfway) the year we ran out of money.11. Please translate this (in / into / to) French.12. If you don't kiss me you'll turn (in / into) a frog!13. The sights (of/ from / in) London.14. This is the voicemail (of / from / by) Peter Smith.15. Open (from / of) Monday (to / till) Friday.16. Yesterday I telephoned (with/to/at) the director of the company.17. He lives (in / at) Madrid.18. This train stoops (in/ at) London.19. Who did she get married (to / with)?20. She's doing research (at / on / by) the university. You are considering buying a very fancy painted statue from either Country A (which we'll call the domestic economy, if that's helpful) or Country B. In Country A's currency, the statue costs 400 , and in Country B it costs 12,000. One unit of Country B's currency currently trades for 40 units of I I ountry A's. Calculate the real exchange rate, carefully following all: Which is true about the functional relationship shown in the graph?Shipping CostAY1110Cost ($)-NWOOOO02345Weight (pounds)A. The shipping cost is a function of the number of packages.B. The weight of the package is a function of the shipping cost.O C. The weight of the package is a function of the number ofpackages.O D. The shipping cost is a function of the weight of the package. Who is the intended target audience of Swift's essay?