Sulfur dioxide and oxygen react to form sulfur trioxide during one of the key steps in sulfuric acid synthesis. An industrial chemist studying this reaction fills a 50.0L tank with 14. mol of sulfur dioxide gas and 2.6 mol of oxygen gas, and when the mixture has come to equilibrium measures the amount of sulfur trioxide gas to be 1.6 mol. Calculate the concentration equilibrium constant for the reaction of sulfur dioxide and oxygen at the final temperature of the mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
From the given information:
The equation for the reaction can be represented as:
\(2SO_2 + O_2 \to 2SO_3\)
The I.C.E table can be represented as:
2SO₂ O₂ 2SO₃
Initial: 14 2.6 0
Change: -2x -x +2x
Equilibrium: 14 - 2x 2.6 - x 2x
However, Since the amount of sulfur trioxide gas to be 1.6 mol.
SO₃ = 2x,
then x = 1.6/2
x = 0.8 mol
For 2SO₂; we have 14 - 2x
= 14 - 2(0.8)
= 14 - 1.6
= 12.4 mol
For O₂; we have 2.6 - x
= 2.6 - 1.6
= 1.0 mol
Thus;
[SO₂] = moles / volume = ( 12.4/50) = 0.248 M ,
[O₂] = 1/50 = 0.02 M ,
[SO₃] = 1.6/50 = 0.032 M
Kc = [SO₃]² / [SO₂]² [O₂]
= ( 0.032²) / ( 0.248² x 0.02)
= 0.8325
Recall that; the equilibrium constant for the reaction \(2SO_2 + O_2 \to 2SO_3\) = 0.8325;
If we want to find:
\(SO_2 + \dfrac{1}{2}O_2 \to SO_3\)
Then:
\(K_c = (0.8325)^{1/2}\)
\(\mathbf{K_c = 0.912}\)
Since no temperature is given to use in the question, it will be impossible to find the final temperature of the mixture.
Related Questions
The roots of plants are important to photosynthesis because they...
Answers
What is the volume of a 0.1 M HCl solution containing 1.46 moles of HCI?
Answers
1.46 = 0.1 x v
v = 1.46/0.1
v = 14.6 (litres if it’s moles per litre)
Can someone help! The diagram shows a cross section of the Earth near its surface.
In the diagram, continental crust is labeled ___, and oceanic crust is labeled ____
A. 1; 2
B. 3; 1
C. 2; 1
D. 1; 3
Answers
The thinner and denser layer labelled "2" in the diagram represents the marine crust, while the thicker and less dense layer labelled "1" represents the continental crust. Therefore, A. 1; 2 is the right response.
Which of the crust layers is thicker and less dense?The land on Earth is made up of the continental crust, which is less dense, thicker (between 35 and 70 km), and primarily composed of the rock granite. The majority of the ocean is made up of oceanic crust, which is denser, thinner (5–7 km), and primarily composed of the rock basalt.
The crust of the continent is dense or less dense.With a density of around 2.7 grammes per cubic cm, continental crust has a largely granitic composition and is slightly lighter than Oceanic crust has a density of roughly 2.9 to 3 grammes per cubic centimetre and is composed of basalt, which is richer in iron and magnesium than granite.
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Give the formula of each coordination compound. Include square brackets around the coordination complex. Do not include the oxidation state on the metal. Use parentheses only around polyatomic ligands.
a) potassium tetracyanonickelate(II)
b) sodium diamminedicarbonatoruthenate(III)
c) diamminedichloroplatinum(II)
Answers
Answer:
a) K2[Ni(CN)4]
b) Na3[Ru(NH3)2(CO3)2]
c) Pt(NH3)2Cl2
Explanation:
Coordination compounds are named in accordance with IUPAC nomenclature.
According to this nomenclature, negative ligands end with the suffix ''ato'' while neutral ligands have no special ending.
The ions written outside the coordination sphere are counter ions. Given the names of the coordination compounds as written in the question, their formulas are provided above.
Scientists have discovered marine fossils in rock layers all over the world. The discovery is supported by the story of what in the Bible A Adam and Eve B Cain and Abel C Noah’s ark d Daniel in the lion’s den
Answers
Answer:
d. lions den
Helpful or not?
Answer: Noah’s ark
Explanation:
The flood is what killed everything
think about the following examples of homeostatic regulation: in response to an increase in plasma k concentrations, the hormone aldosterone brings k levels back to normal. in response to a decrease in plasma ca2 concentrations, parathyroid hormone brings ca2 levels back to normal. which of the statements below is true? think about the following examples of homeostatic regulation: in response to an increase in plasma k concentrations, the hormone aldosterone brings k levels back to normal. in response to a decrease in plasma ca2 concentrations, parathyroid hormone brings ca2 levels back to normal. which of the statements below is true? only the first is an example of negative feedback, because the regulated variable (plasma k ) is lowered as a result. both are examples of positive feedback, because the change in the regulated variable results in an increase in secretion of the regulating hormone. the second is an example of positive feedback because the regulated variable (plasma ca2 ) increases. both are examples of negative feedback regulation.
Answers
Homeostatic regulation is the process through which internal cell systems are adjusted. Adjustments must be performed regularly to maintain a cell's internal and exterior surroundings at or near the set point since they are always changing (the normal level or range).
Bidirectional calcium fluxes that take place in the colon, bones, and kidney regulate calcium homeostatic. The latter organ is crucial in controlling the level of extracellular calcium.In a cell or the body, homeostasis is defined as stability, balance, or equilibrium. It is the capacity of an organism to maintain a consistent internal environment. Homeostasis is a crucial aspect of all living organisms. As circumstances within and outside the cell vary, modifications must be made often in order to maintain a stable internal environment. Homeostasis can be viewed as a dynamic equilibrium as opposed to a stable condition.
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Is this equation balanced?
Na2SO4 + MgOH -> MgSO4 + NaOH
A) No it’s not balanced. The Na are not balanced.
B) Yes it’s balanced.
C) No it’s not balanced. The Mg atoms are not balanced.
D) No, it’s not balanced. The S atoms are not balanced.
Answers
No it’s not balanced. The Na are not balanced (option A)
Why is the given equation not balance?the given chemical equation is not balanced because It is missing some coefficients to balance the number of atoms on both sides of the equation.
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
Na2SO4 + Mg(OH)2 → MgSO4 + 2NaOH
This equation shows that two molecules of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are produced for every one molecule of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) consumed, and that the number of sodium (Na) atoms is balanced on both sides of the equation.
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What does it mean to have a library circulatory system PLEASE HELP ASAP MY BROTHER NEEDS HELP
Answers
Answer:
the anwers is xybac
Explanation:
Determine the number of moles in the following samples:
1. 5.19 x 1029 FeCl3 formula units
2. 6.02 x1025 Mg atoms
3. 5.3 x 1012 N2 molecules
4. 40,000 MgO Formula Units
I need help ASAP
Answers
Answer:
1. Molar mass of FeCl3 is 162.204 g/mol
2. 6.02 x 10^23
3. 8.817663948945736e-24
4. 992.4474747174
Which of the following ways can be used to measure reaction rate?
a Measure the rate that a reactant is used up
c.a Measure the side reactions
b. Measure the amount that a product is .
d. Estimate the heat given off
formed
Answers
Answer:
the answer is b;
the rate of reaction can be found by measuring the amount of product formed in a certain period of time.
sing Chemical Formulas to Find Number of A
Consider the chemical formula for calcium chlorate: Ca(CIO3)2
How many of each of these atoms is in a molecule of calcium chlorate?
Ca:
CI:
O:
Answers
One calcium atom, two chlorine atoms, and six oxygen atoms make up calcium chlorate.
How many of each of these atoms make up a calcium chlorate molecule?
Calcium chlorate has the chemical formula Ca(ClO3)2. The last number here implies that there are two of everything inside the brackets. A single calcium atom, two chlorine atoms, and six oxygen atoms make up calcium chlorate.
What effects does calcium chloride have on health?Wheezing, tightness in the chest or throat, rash, hives, itching, red, swollen, blistering, or peeling skin with or without fever, difficulty breathing, swallowingfainting or dizzinessmood swingsalteration in the volume of urine excreted.a heartbeat that is out of the ordinary.Learn more about Calcium chlorate here:-
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how many grams of calcium is used in this reaction, if 15.0 g calcium oxide are produced
Answers
Answer:10.71 g
Explanation:
A gas has an initial pressure of 3 atm at 6 L. If the pressure decreases to 1.5 atm, what will the new volume be?
Answers
Answer:
12 L
Explanation:
P1 V1 = P2 V 2
P1 V1 / P2 = V2
3 * 6 / 1.5 = 12 L
In a laboratory experiment a student found the pH of rain rain water sample to be 4.35 calculate H3O+ in the rainwater
Answers
The rainwater sample has a pH of 4.35, indicating that it is acidic. The concentration of \(H_3O^+\) ions in the sample is \(4.47 * 10^{-5} M\), which is higher than in neutral or basic solutions.
In a laboratory experiment, a student found the pH of a rainwater sample to be 4.35. In this context, the task is to calculate the concentration of hydronium ions (\(H_3O^+\)) in the given rainwater sample. The pH of the rainwater sample is an indication of how acidic it is. As per the pH scale, acidic solutions have a pH of less than 7. Since the pH of rainwater is acidic (pH = 4.35), it means that the concentration of \(H_3O^+\) ions is higher in the rainwater sample. To calculate the concentration of \(H_3O^+\) ions, we can use the following formula: pH = -log[\(H_3O^+\)], Where[\(H_3O^+\)] is the concentration of hydronium ions. By rearranging the above formula, we can get the concentration of \(H_3O^+\) ions as \([H_3O^+] = 10^{-pH}\). Substituting the given pH value of the rainwater sample in the above equation, we get\([H_3O^+] = 10^{-4.35} = 4.47 × 10^{-5} M.\)Therefore, the concentration of \(H_3O^+\) ions in the given rainwater sample is \(4.47 * 10^{-5} M.\)For more questions on acidic
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What happens to a linguist when it releases enough energy
Answers
Answer:
When a liquid releases enough energy, the liquid will freeze and turn into a solid. Phase changes are what causes one state of matter to turn into another. All phase changes are physical changes.
Explanation:
if ur really saying liquid a person accomplished in languages
especially : one who speaks several languages ?
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The irreversible isomerization A
B was carried out in a batch reactor and the following concentration time data were obtained:
Time vs Concentration data in a Batch reactor
t 0 3 5 8 10 12 15 7.5
mol/h 4 2.89 2.25 1.45 1.0 0.65 0.25 0.07
Determine the reaction order,
, and the specific reaction a rate constant, k, using any method of your choice.
Answers
The reaction order and specific reaction rate constant can be determined by performing the kinetics experiment on irreversible polymerization A. Kinetic experiments can be used to investigate the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics is the study of chemical reactions' speed and pathway.
The term "kinetics" refers to the study of reaction rates, which are determined by measuring the concentration of reactants and products as a function of time.Kinetics experiments can be used to determine the reaction rate and order of reaction. A chemical reaction's rate is defined as the change in the concentration of a reactant or product per unit time. The order of a reaction refers to the number of molecules that must react to produce a product. The order of reaction can be determined by measuring the initial rate of the reaction as a function of concentration.Methods for determining the reaction rate order include the initial rate method, the half-life method, and the integrated rate method. The initial rate method determines the reaction order by measuring the initial rate of the reaction at different reactant concentrations. The half-life method determines the reaction order by measuring the time it takes for the reactant concentration to decrease by half.The integrated rate method determines the reaction order by measuring the concentration of the reactant or product at different times.The specific rate constant can be determined by using the Arrhenius equation, which relates the rate constant to the activation energy, temperature, and frequency factor. The frequency factor can be determined by measuring the rate constant at different temperatures.For such more question on polymerization
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Calculate the [H3O+] of 0.10 M HNO2 at equilibrium. Given: Ka = 4.46 × 10-4.
Answers
Answer:
0.0067 mol/dm³Explanation:
The [H3O+] of HNO2 can be found by using the formula
\([H_3O^{ + } ] = \sqrt{Kac} \)
Ka is the acid dissociation constant
c is the concentration of the acid
From the question we have
\([H3O^{ + } ] = \sqrt{4.46 \times {10}^{ - 4} \times 0.1} \\ = 0.006678...\)
We have the final answer as
0.0067 mol/dm³Hope this helps you
You found the molarity of a solution containing 52 grams of sodium hydroxide. What would
the solution’s molarity be if you instead had 80.0 grams NaOH that was added to 200 milliliters
of water?
I need help with this (if you want more info on the molarity solution of sodium hydroxide the photo is the entire process I just need help with the NaOH that got added.)
Answers
Answer:
the molarity of the solution would be 10.0 M if 80.0 grams of NaOH were added to 200 milliliters of water.
Explanation:
To calculate the molarity of a solution, we can use the formula:
Molarity = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters
First, we need to calculate the moles of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in the given mass:
moles NaOH = mass of NaOH / molar mass of NaOH
The molar mass of NaOH is 40.00 g/mol (the atomic mass of Na is 22.99 g/mol, the atomic mass of O is 15.99 g/mol, and the atomic mass of H is 1.01 g/mol).
For 52 g NaOH:
moles NaOH = 52 g / 40.00 g/mol = 1.30 mol
Now, we can calculate the molarity of the solution:
Molarity = moles NaOH / volume of solution in liters
We don't know the volume of the solution for the first case, so we cannot calculate the molarity.
For the second case, we have 80.0 g NaOH and 200 mL of water. We need to convert the volume to liters:
200 mL = 0.200 L
Now, we can calculate the moles of NaOH:
moles NaOH = 80.0 g / 40.00 g/mol = 2.00 mol
Finally, we can calculate the molarity of the solution:
Molarity = moles NaOH / volume of solution in liters
Molarity = 2.00 mol / 0.200 L
Molarity = 10.0 M
Therefore, the molarity of the solution would be 10.0 M if 80.0 grams of NaOH were added to 200 milliliters of water.
A metal M forms the oxide M2O. When 0.890 grams of M reacts with pure oxygen, 0.956 grams of M2O form. Write the balanced equation for the reaction between M and O2, find the molar mass of M and identify M.
Answers
The molar mass of M is 0.225g/mol and the element M is Hydrogen
If a metal M combines with an oxygen element to form the oxide, \(M_2O\) then the chemical reaction will be expressed as:
\(4M + O_2 -> 2M_2O\\\)
This shows that 4 moles of an unknown element M react with the oxygen element to produce the oxide \(M_2O\)
Given the following parameters
Mass of M = 0.890 grams
Mass of \(M_2O\) = 0.956 grams
Get the molar mass of M:
Molar mass = Mass/number of moles
Molar mass = 0.890/4
Molar mass = 0.225g/mol
Hence the molar mass of M is 0.225g/mol and the element M is Hydrogen
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What is the rate law for this reaction? Express the rate law symbolically in terms of k, [A], and [B].
Consider the reaction A + 2B → C whose rate at 25° C was measured using three different sets of initial concentrations as listed in the following table:
Trial [A] (M) [B] (M) Rate (M/s)
1 0.30 0.050 5.4 x 10^-3
2 0.30 0.100 1.1 x 10^-2
3 0.60 0.050 2.2 x 10^-2
Answers
The rate becomes: 0.0225 m/sec which symbolically in terms of k, [A], and [B]. Consider the reaction A + 2B → C whose rate at 25° C.
What is rate constants?The rate constant is the quantity that expresses the connection between the molar concentration of the reactants and the rate of the chemical reaction. The rate constant rises as the reactant concentrations fall. Even if the reactant concentrations fluctuate, the rate constant remains constant. Depending on the kind of reaction and which reactants' concentrations vary, the rate constant will change. The proportionality constant (k) that links the pace of the reaction to reactant concentrations is known as the specific rate constant.
now calculate the rate constant using first equation
rate = k[A]²[B]
take the first row from table it not necessary you can take any
6.0×10⁻⁴ = K[0.1]²[0.05]
K = (6.0 × 10⁻⁴) / (5 × 10⁻⁴)
K = 1.2 mol⁻² lit² sec⁻¹
now use the same equation
substitute the given concentration and use the same K value find the rate constant
rate = k[A]²[B]
rate = 1.2 [0.5]²[0.075]
rate = 0.0225 m/sec
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What is the mass of .89 moles of lithium metal, used in laptop batteries?
Answers
The mass of lithium metal that is used in lithium batteries is 6.17 grams, this can be calculated by using number of moles formula.
Number of moles:It is defined as the ratio between mass and molar mass.
It is given by:
Number of moles = mass / Molar mass
What information do we have?
Number of moles= 0.89 moles
Molar mass of Lithium metal= 6.941 g/mol
To find:
Mass of Lithium metal=?
On substituting the values
n= m/M
0.89 = m/ 6.941
m= 0.89*6.941
m= 6.177 grams
Thus, the mass of lithium metal is 6.177 grams.
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Write the empirical formula of at least four binary ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions: Ca^2 , Al^3 ,I^-,S^2-
Answers
Answer:
Write the empirical formula of at least four binary ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions: Ca^2 , Al^3 ,I^-,S^2-
Explanation:
1)Formula of calcium iodide:
The compound of Ca^2+ and I^-1:
\(CaI_2\)
2) Formula of calcium sulfide:
\(CaS\)
3) Formula of aluminum iodide:
\(AlI_3\)
4) Formul aluminum sulfide:
\(Al_2S_3\)
These are the four ionic compounds that are formed.
What changes sodium pellets to liquid
Answers
Answer:
when placed in water, a sodium pellet catches on fire as hydrogen gas is liberated and sodium hydroxide forms. chemical change = fire is a sign of chemical reaction.
Explanation:
When placed in water the sodium pellets catch the fire and liberate the hydrogen gas. On mixing with water solid sodium forms a colorless basic solution.
What are the properties of sodium?Sodium is a soft metal. It is a very reactive element with a low melting point. Sodium reacts very quickly with water, snow, and ice to produce sodium hydroxide and hydrogen. It is an alkali metal and the sixth most abundant metal on earth. It has a silvery white color.
It has a strong metallic luster. On reacting with oxygen it produces sodium oxide which on reacting with the water produces sodium hydroxide.
It is used to improve the structure of certain alloys and soaps. It is also used in the purification of metals. Sodium is also present in sodium chloride, an important compound found in the environment.
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I took 100 micrograms of vitamin d yesterday (13yrs old) is it bad
Answers
Answer:
take 75 gm or it will be overdose
3. Which ocean resources are second in economic value to oil?
iron and natural gas
evaporative salts
sand and gravel
manganese nodules
Answers
The Correct option is :
Sand and Gravelwhat is the percent by mass of nitrogen in the following fertilizers? NH3
Answers
The percent by mass of nitrogen in ammonia (NH3) is approximately 82.15%
Calculating the mass of nitrogen to the total mass of the compound and then expressing the result as a percentage will allow us to determine the percent by mass of nitrogen in NH3 (ammonia).
Ammonia's molecular structure, NH3, indicates that it is made up of one nitrogen atom (N) and three hydrogen atoms (H). We must take both the molar masses of nitrogen and ammonia into account when calculating the percent by mass of nitrogen.
Nitrogen's (N) molar mass is roughly 14.01 g/mol. The molar masses of nitrogen and hydrogen are added to determine the molar mass of ammonia (NH3). Since hydrogen's molar mass is around 1.01 g/mol, ammonia's molar mass is:
(3 mol H 1.01 g/mol) + (1 mol N 14.01 g/mol) = 17.03 g/mol = NH3.
Now, we can use the following formula to get the nitrogen content of ammonia in percent by mass:
(Mass of nitrogen / Mass of ammonia) / 100% is the percentage of nitrogen by mass.
Ammonia weighs 17.03 g/mol and contains 14.01 g/mol of nitrogen by mass. By entering these values, we obtain:
(14.01 g/mol / 17.03 g/mol) 100% 82.15 % of nitrogen by mass
Ammonia (NH3) has a nitrogen content that is roughly 82.15 percent by mass.
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Why is Mars red? Please describe your answer.
Answers
Answer:
the reason why Mars is red is because of its regolith, or surface material, contains lots of iron oxide — the same compound that gives blood and rust their hue
Correctly write the chemical formula for as many ions and compounds as you can:
1. Copper (11) ion
2. Bromide ion
3. Magnesium ion
4. Phosphide ion
5. Copper (11) Bromide
6. Sulfur Dichloride
7. Barium Fluoride
8. Magnesium Phosphate
9. Lithium Permanganate
10. Strontium Sulfite
11. Nitrogen Monoxide
12. Diselenium Tetraoxide
13. Aluminum Sulfide
14. Tin (IV) lodide
15. Beryllium Oxide
16. Potassium Hydroxide
Answers
The chemical formulas for the ions and compounds you listed:
Copper (II) ion: Cu²⁺
Bromide ion: Br⁻
Magnesium ion: Mg²⁺
Phosphide ion: P³⁻
Copper (I) Bromide: CuBr
Sulfur Dichloride: SCl₂
Barium Fluoride: BaF₂
Magnesium Phosphate: Mg₃(PO₄)₂
Lithium Permanganate: LiMnO₄
Strontium Sulfite: SrSO₃
Nitrogen Monoxide: NO
Diselenium Tetraoxide: Se₂O₄
Aluminum Sulfide: Al₂S₃
Tin (IV) Iodide: SnI₄
Beryllium Oxide: BeO
Potassium Hydroxide: KOH
Copper (II) ion: Cu²⁺
Copper (II) ion has a charge of 2+ and is represented by Cu²⁺. This means that copper has lost two electrons, resulting in a 2+ charge.
Bromide ion: Br⁻
The bromide ion has a charge of 1- and is represented by Br⁻. This means that bromine has gained one electron, resulting in a 1- charge.
Magnesium ion: Mg²⁺
The magnesium ion has a charge of 2+ and is represented by Mg²⁺. This means that magnesium has lost two electrons, resulting in a 2+ charge.
Phosphide ion: P³⁻
The phosphide ion has a charge of 3- and is represented by P³⁻. This means that phosphorus has gained three electrons, resulting in a 3- charge.
Copper (I) Bromide: CuBr
Copper (I) bromide is a compound formed by combining copper (I) ion (Cu⁺) and bromide ion (Br⁻). The charges of the ions balance each other, resulting in a neutral compound.
Sulfur Dichloride: SCl₂
Sulfur dichloride is a compound consisting of one sulfur atom (S) and two chlorine atoms (Cl). The subscript "2" indicates the presence of two chlorine atoms.
Barium Fluoride: BaF₂
Barium fluoride is a compound composed of one barium ion (Ba²⁺) and two fluoride ions (F⁻). The charges of the ions balance each other, resulting in a neutral compound.
Magnesium Phosphate: Mg₃(PO₄)₂
Magnesium phosphate is a compound consisting of one magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) and two phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻). The charges of the ions balance each other, resulting in a neutral compound. The subscript "3" indicates the presence of three magnesium ions, and the subscript "2" indicates the presence of two phosphate ions.
Lithium Permanganate: LiMnO₄
Lithium permanganate is a compound composed of one lithium ion (Li⁺) and one permanganate ion (MnO₄⁻). The charges of the ions balance each other, resulting in a neutral compound.
Strontium Sulfite: SrSO₃
Strontium sulfite is a compound consisting of one strontium ion (Sr²⁺) and one sulfite ion (SO₃²⁻). The charges of the ions balance each other, resulting in a neutral compound.
Nitrogen Monoxide: NO
Nitrogen monoxide is a compound composed of one nitrogen atom (N) and one oxygen atom (O). Since the compound does not contain ions, it is represented by its elemental symbols.
Diselenium Tetraoxide: Se₂O₄
Diselenium tetraoxide is a compound consisting of two selenium atoms (Se) and four oxygen atoms (O). The prefix "di-" indicates the presence of two selenium atoms.
Aluminum Sulfide: Al₂S₃
Aluminum sulfide is a compound composed of two aluminum ions (Al³⁺) and three sulfide ions (S²⁻). The charges of the ions balance each other, resulting in a neutral compound. The subscript "
2" indicates the presence of two aluminum ions, and the subscript "3" indicates the presence of three sulfide ions.
Tin (IV) Iodide: SnI₄
Tin (IV) iodide is a compound formed by combining tin (IV) ion (Sn⁴⁺) and iodide ion (I⁻). The charges of the ions balance each other, resulting in a neutral compound.
Beryllium Oxide: BeO
Beryllium oxide is a compound composed of one beryllium ion (Be²⁺) and one oxygen ion (O²⁻). The charges of the ions balance each other, resulting in a neutral compound.
Potassium Hydroxide: KOH
Potassium hydroxide is a compound consisting of one potassium ion (K⁺) and one hydroxide ion (OH⁻). The charges of the ions balance each other, resulting in a neutral compound.
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Gypsum is a naturally occurring, white powdery mineral with the chemical name calcium sulphate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O). Gypsum products used in dentistry are based on calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4)2·H2O.
• How many grams of sulphate dihydrate must be heated to get 10 grams of sulphate hemihydrates?
Answers
We require 0.041 moles of sulphate hemihydrate and 0.041 moles of sulphate dihydrate in equal parts.
Number of moles x Molar mass = Mass of sulphate dihydrate
Sulphate dihydrate mass equals 0.041 mol 140.18 g/mol 5.74 g
To make 10 grammes of sulphate hemihydrate, 5.74 grammes of sulphate dihydrate must be cooked.
We must take into account the molar weights and stoichiometry of the compounds in order to calculate how many grammes of sulphate dihydrate (CaSO42H2O) must be heated in order to produce 10 grammes of sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4)2H2O.
The formula below can be used to get the molar mass of sulphate dihydrate (CaSO42H2O):
One atom of calcium (Ca) is equivalent to 40.08 g/mol.
One atom of sulphur (S) is equivalent to 32.06 g/mol.
Oxygen (O): 4 atoms at 16.00 g/mol equals 64.00 g/mol.
4 atoms of hydrogen (H) at 1.01 g/mol make up 4.04 g/mol.
CaSO42H2O has a total molar mass of 140.18 g/mol.
The sulphate hemihydrate's (CaSO4) molar massThe formula for 2H2O is as follows:
Calcium (Ca): 80.16 g/mol from 2 atoms at 40.08 g/mol.
Sulphur (S): 2 atoms with a 32.06 g/mol density equals 64.12 g/mol.
Oxygen (O): 6 atoms times 16.0 g/mol equals 96.0 g/mol
Hydrogen (H): 2.02 g/mol for 2 atoms, or 1.01 g/mol.
CaSO4's total molar mass2 H2O equals 242.30 g/mol.
Using the molar mass, we can now determine how many moles of sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4)2H2O) are contained in 10 grammes:
Mass / Molar mass = number of moles
10 g divided by 242.30 g/mol yields 0.041 moles.
One mole of sulphate dihydrate (CaSO42H2O) produces one mole of sulphate hemihydrate (CaSO4)2H2O, as shown by the reaction's stoichiometry.
As a result, we require 0.041 moles of sulphate hemihydrate and 0.041 moles of sulphate dihydrate, respectively:
Number of moles x Molar mass = Mass of sulphate dihydrate
Sulphate dihydrate mass equals 0.041 mol 140.18 g/mol 5.74 g
In order to produce 10 grammes of sulphate hemihydrate, 5.74 grammes of sulphate dihydrate must be cooked.
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Find the change in enthalpy (ΔH) for the reactions below c.H2(g) + Cl2(g) --> 2 HCl (g)
Answers
Explanation:
Given the following reaction:
H₂ (g) + Cl₂ (g) --> 2 HCl (g)
We have to find the ΔH for that reaction. We can estimate the change in enthalpy using the bond enthalpies.
We need to add energy to break a bond and energy will be released when a bond is broken.
ΔH = energy added to break bonds + energy released when making bonds
Now we have to find the bonds that are broken.
The reactants are H₂ and Cl₂. Hydrogen gas is a diatomic gas that has a single bond between both atoms of H (H-H). Chlorine gas also is a diatomic gas that has a single bond between both atoms of Cl (Cl-Cl).
Bonds broken = 1 (H-H) + 1 (Cl-Cl)
The product of our reaction is HCl. In this case it is a gas that has a single bond between the atoms of Cl and H. Since the coefficient of the reaction is two, we will have to form two bonds.
Bonds formed = 2 (H-Cl)
If we search for the values of the different bond enthalpies we can find that they are:
Bond enthalpy H-Cl = 431 kJ/mol
Bond enthalpy H-H = 436 kJ/mol
Bond enthalpy Cl-Cl = 242 kJ/mol
Finally we can replace these values in the formula and we can estimate the ΔH of the reaction. We have to pay attention that for breaking the bonds we have to add energy, so the bonds enthalpies are positive. When forming the bonds the energy is released so the bond enthalpies should be negative (we have to change the sign).
ΔH = energy added to break bonds + energy released when making bonds
ΔH = 1 (H-H) + 1 (Cl-Cl) - 2 (H-Cl)
ΔH = 436 kJ/mol + 242 kJ/mol - 2 * 431 kJ/mol
ΔH = -184 kJ/mol
Answer: the change in enthalpy for the reaction is -184 kJ/mol.