Suppose you need to design a parachute system to help a remote camera land safely at the bottom of a cave. The camera will drop from a height of one story. It has a mass of about 500 g. A carton of eggs inside a box will model the camera. For your test to be successful, none of the eggs can break when the box lands. You may use string, plastic bags, paper, and any fabrics you have to make a model parachute.
Identify the criteria and constraints. Describe your model and draw a picture of it. Describe how you could test your model and what you would do after the first test.

Diamond, graphite and fullerenes (substances that include nanotubes and 'buckyballs' , such as buckminsterfullerene) are three allotropes of pure carbon. In all three allotropes, the carbon atoms are joined by strong covalent bonds, but in such different arrangements that the properties of the allotropes are very different.

Because of their distinctive structural makeup, graphite and diamond are distinct materials. Both have extremely high melting points due to their giant covalent structures. Diamond is incredibly strong and hard due to the four covalent links that each carbon atom in the mineral has with other carbon atoms. However, because each carbon in graphite is connected to three other carbons, it forms in layers.

Even though graphite is used to make pencils, despite the fact that each carbon atom only has three bonds, the layers are actually highly strong and have delocalized "free" electrons between them. Graphite appears soft because these electrons act as a lubricant between layers, allowing them to slide over one another. Graphite conducts electricity due to the free electrons. Diamond does not carry electricity because it lacks these free electrons.

There are more than three allotropes of carbon. These include diamond, graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and carbon nanobuds.

Diamond

In a three-dimensional array, four additional carbon atoms are covalently attached to each carbon atom in a diamond. In essence, a diamond is one enormous molecule.

Graphite

The carbon atoms in graphite are bonded together in sheets of connected hexagons that resemble chicken wire. In essence, each sheet is a single molecule.

Each carbon atom in a sheet establishes solid covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms. The only forces keeping the sheets packed together are the modest intramolecular forces.

Graphene

In the form of a single sheet of graphite that is only one atom thick, graphene is made up entirely of carbon.

Nanocarbon tubes

Graphene sheet wrapped into a cylindrical tube of carbon atoms is how a carbon nanotube looks. Each atom connected to three other atoms, and the tube is one atom thick.

C60 and buckminsterfullerene

A single sheet of carbon atoms that has been folded into a spherical is what makes up buckminsterfullerene. Three additional atoms are connected to each carbon atom. With a carbon atom at each of the 20 hexagonal and 12 pentagonal corners, sixty carbon atoms are arranged in the shape of a ball.

There are numerous other known carbon balls, such as C70, C76, C84, and C540. They are collectively referred to as "buckyballs" or "fullerenes" and have varying amounts of pentagons and hexagons.

Nanocarbon buds

An allotrope of carbon called carbon nanobuds has fullerene-like "buds" that are covalently bonded to the sidewalls of carbon nanotubes.

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Answer:

The final velocity of the 2kg ball is 1.270 m/s

Explanation:

According to Newton's second and third laws of motion

Newton's second law state that "the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the applied force and takes place in the direction of that force".

Newton's third law state that "for every action, there must be an equal and opposite reaction".

The combinations of these two laws resulted in an elastic collision

Given that:

m1 = 2kg

u1 = 2.20m/s

m2 = 4.00kg

u2 = 0m/s

An Elastic collision is when kinetic energy before = kinetic energy after

E.K before = \(1/2mv^{2}\)

E.K before = 1/2 * 2 * (2.20)^2

E.K = 1/2 * 2 * 4.84

E.K before = 4.84j

E.K after = 1/2 x (4 + 2)v^2

E.K after = 1/2(6v^2)

E.K after = 3v^2

Since E.K before = E.K after

4.84 = 3v^2

Divide through by 3

4.84/3 = 3v^2/3

1.6133 = v^2

\(V = \sqrt{1.6133} \\V = 1.270 m/s\)

Answer:

16

Explanation:

6+10=16

the box will go forward but it will be a little harder.

Given :

A ball that has a mass of 0.25 kg spins in a circle at the  end of a 1.6 m rope.

The ball moves at a tangential  speed of 12.2 m/s.

To Find :

The centripetal force acting on the ball.

Solution :

We know, centripetal force is given by :

\(F = \dfrac{mv^2}{r}\\\\F = \dfrac{0.25\times 12.2^2}{1.6}\\\\F = 23.26 \ N\)

Therefore, the centripetal force acting on the ball is 23.26 N.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Edg

Air can do work when it exerts a force on an object and causes it to undergo displacement. The ability of air to do work is evident in various phenomena, such as wind pushing sails, fans moving objects, and air pressure powering pneumatic systems.

Air can do work through its ability to exert a force over a distance. Work is defined as the transfer of energy that occurs when a force is applied to an object and it undergoes displacement in the direction of the force. When air is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy and can exert a force on objects in its path, thus performing work.

To understand how air can do work, we can consider the example of a moving fan. When a fan is turned on, the blades start to rotate, creating a flow of air. As the air moves, it carries kinetic energy. When the moving air encounters an object, such as a piece of paper, the air molecules collide with the paper's surface and exert a force on it. This force causes the paper to move and displaces it from its initial position.

The work done by the air can be calculated using the equation:

Work = Force * Distance * cos(θ)

Where Force is the magnitude of the force exerted by the air, Distance is the displacement of the object, and θ is the angle between the direction of the force and the displacement.

In the case of air doing work on an object, the force exerted by the air is perpendicular to the direction of motion, resulting in θ = 90 degrees. Since cos(90) = 0, the equation simplifies to:

Work = Force * Distance * 0

Therefore, the work done by the air on the object is zero when the force exerted by the air is perpendicular to the displacement.

However, if the force exerted by the air is not perpendicular to the displacement, such as when blowing air at an angle to move an object, then work is performed. The air exerts a force on the object and causes it to move in the direction of the force, resulting in the transfer of energy.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The electric flux through a surface is given by the equation:

Φ = EAcos(θ)

where Φ is the electric flux, E is the electric field, A is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the electric field and the surface normal.

We are given Φ = 4.44 N⋅m2/C, A = 6.66×10−4 m2, and θ = 60.0∘. Substituting these values into the equation above and solving for E, we get:

E = Φ / (Acos(θ))

= 4.44 N⋅m2/C / (6.66×10−4 m2cos(60.0∘))

= 1.62×10^4 N/C

Therefore, the magnitude of the electric field is 1.62×10^4 N/C.

The magnitude of the electric field is 13,320 N/C.

The electric flux through a surface is defined as the product of the electric field and the area of the surface projected perpendicular to the electric field. Mathematically, we can write:

Φ = EAcos(θ)

where Φ is the electric flux, E is the electric field, A is the area of the surface, and θ is the angle between the electric field and the surface normal.

Here in the Question,

We are given the electric flux Φ = 4.44 N·m^2/C, the area A = 6.66×10^-4 m^2, and the angle θ = 60.0°. We can solve for the magnitude of the electric field E by rearranging the equation as follows:

E = Φ / (A*cos(θ))

Substituting the given values, we get:

E = 4.44 N·m^2/C / (6.66×10^-4 m^2*cos(60.0°))

Simplifying the denominator, we get:

E = 4.44 N·m^2/C / (6.66×10^-4 m^2*0.5)

E = 13,320 N/C

Therefore, 13,320 N/C is the magnitude of the electric field.

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Answer:

a sample of water boils and releases gas.

A vector's length is considered to be its magnitude. A is used to represent the vector's magnitude.

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The angle measured anticlockwise from the +x axis can be used to find vector components as well. In that instance, the x-component and y-component, respectively, will always be cos and sin.

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The net force on particle q₂, located between particles q₁ and q₃, is approximately 189000 N. The force exerted by particle q₁ on q₂ is positive and equals 252000 N, while the force exerted by particle q₃ on q₂ is negative and equals -63000 N.

To find the net force on particle q₂, we need to calculate the individual forces exerted on q₂ by particles q₁ and q₃ and then determine their sum.

The force between two charged particles can be calculated using Coulomb's law:

F = k * |q₁ * q₂| / r²

Where F is the force between the particles, k is the electrostatic constant (k ≈ 9.0 x \(10^9\) Nm²/C²), q₁ and q₂ are the charges of the particles, and r is the distance between them.

First, let's calculate the force exerted on q₂ by q₁:

F₁₂ = k * |q₁ * q₂| / r₁₂²

F₁₂ = (9.0 x \(10^9\) Nm²/C²) * |(8.0 μC) * (3.5 μC)| / (0.10 m)²

F₁₂ ≈ 252000 N

The force is positive because q₁ and q₂ have opposite charges.

Next, let's calculate the force exerted on q₂ by q₃:

F₂₃ = k * |q₂ * q₃| / r₂₃²

F₂₃ = (9.0 x \(10^9\)Nm²/C²) * |(3.5 μC) * (-2.5 μC)| / (0.15 m)²

F₂₃ ≈ -63000 N

The force is negative because q₂ and q₃ have the same charge.

Finally, we can find the net force on q₂ by summing the individual forces:

Net force = F₁₂ + F₂₃

Net force = 252000 N + (-63000 N)

Net force ≈ 189000 N

The net force on particle q₂ is approximately 189000 N.

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In behaviorism, Intermittent Reinforcement is a conditioning schedule in which a reward or punishment (reinforcement) is not administered every time the desired response is performed. ... On an intermittent reinforcement schedule the mouse would only receive food every few times (it is typically random and unpredictable).

Answer:

Explanation:

Equivalent resistance

Re = 100 + (1/( 1/270 + 1/(150 + 240)))

Re = 100 + (1/( 1/270 + 1/390))

Re = 100 + 159.5

Re = 259.5 Ω

Power drawn from battery = V²/R

P = 12²/259.5

P = 0.554816...

P = 0.55 W

circuit current

I = V/Re

I = 12 / 259.5

I = 0.04623...A

I = 46 mA

100 Ω resistor

V = IR = 0.04623(100) = 4.6 V

I = 46 mA

P = VA = 4.6(0.046) = 0.21376...

P = 0.21 W

270 Ω resistor

V = 12 - 4.6 = 7.4 V

I = V/R = 7.4/270 = 0.02732... = 27 mA

P = VA = 7.4(0.027) = 0.2015... = 0.20 W

150 Ω resistor

V = 7.4(150 / (150 + 240)) = 2.8 V

I = 7.4/390 = 0.01891... = 19 mA

P = I²R = 0.01891²(150) = 0.053661... = 0.05 W

240 Ω resistor

V = 7.4(240 / (150 + 240)) = 4.5394 = 4.5 V

I = 7.4/390 = 0.01891... = 19 mA

P = I²R = 0.01891²(240) = 0.08585... = 0.09 W

verify power consumption

0.55 = 0.21 + 0.20 + 0.05 + 0.09

0.55 = 0.55         **check**

current check through parallel circuits

46 = 27 + 19

46 = 46                **check**

The calculated value of speed of sound be 400 m/s.

An echo is a sound produced when sound waves are reflected off of a surface and returned to the listener. It is the sound that has been reflected, and it reaches the listener after the original sound has passed.

Given parameters:

The student's  distance to the wall is = 300 m.

The time delay between clap an echo is 1.5 seconds.

In this time, sound waves goes to the wall and hits back to the student's ear.

So, total distance covered by the sound wave: d= 2 × 300 m = 600 m.

Hence,  the speed of sound be - 600 m/1.5s = 400 m/s.

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earth energy budget is the relationship between how much energy the earth receive from the sun and energy the earth radiates out.

Energy is described as the quantitative property that is displaced to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light.

The term earth's energy budget is also described as the  balance between of the amount of energy, that gets to the earth. from the Sun and the energy that leaves Earth and returns to the universe.

The earth's energy budget was mainly three types as shown:

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Answer:

Ionic charges refer to the electrical charges of ions, which are atoms or molecules that have gained or lost electrons. These charges result from the loss or gain of electrons during chemical reactions.

When an atom loses one or more electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion known as a cation. The cation carries a positive charge equal to the number of electrons lost.

Conversely, when an atom gains one or more electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion known as an anion. The anion carries a negative charge equal to the number of electrons gained.

The magnitude of the ionic charge depends on the number of electrons gained or lost, which is determined by the element's position in the periodic table and its electron configuration. For example, sodium (Na) loses one electron to become a +1 charged cation (Na+), while chlorine (Cl) gains one electron to become a -1 charged anion (Cl-).

Answer:

A.Radio waves

Explanation:

Answer:

none

Explanation:

it's to high up to be affected by the gravity

As the temperature across the lamp increases, the

resistance of the lamp increases.

This is because the temperature is proportional to resistance.

The current through a diode flows in one direction only.

The resistance is flowing in the reverse direction.

Resistance is described as a measure of the opposition to current flow in an electrical circuit. Resistance is known to be measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter omega (Ω) which is named after Georg Simon Ohm (1784-1854), a German physicist who studied the relationship between voltage, current and resistance.

The relationship between temperature and resistance is that the resistance increases as the temperature increases in conductors and decreases with the increasing temperature in insulators.

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There is no temperature change which drives heat flow, thus no heat will be released by the water.

The heat released by the water when it freezes is calculated as follows;

Q = mcΔФ

where;

Initial temperature of water, Фi = 0 °C

when water freezes, the final temperature, Фf = 0 °C

Q = 22 x 4200 x (0 - 0)

Q = 0

Since there is no temperature change which drives heat flow, thus no heat will be released by the water.

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The correct answer is option (a)

Protons and neutrons are the particles in the atom that accounts for the most mass of the atom.

The frequency of oscillation of the swing is 0.25 Hz.

The time period of oscillation of the swing is 4 s.

The length of the vine of the swing is 3.97 m.

The restoring force acting on Mohammed is 692.9 N.

Mass of Mohammed, m = 50 kg

Angle made by the vine with the vertical, θ = 45°

Number of complete swings made by Mohammed, n = 30

Time taken for this swing, t = 2 minutes = 120 seconds

a) The frequency of the swing is defined as the number of complete oscillations in one second.

So, the frequency of oscillation of the swing is,

f = n/t

f = 30/120

f = 0.25 Hz

b) The time period of oscillation of the swing is,

T = 1/f

T = 1/0.25

T = 4 s

c) The expression for the time period is given by,

T = 2π√(l/g)

T² = 4π² x (l/g)

l/g = T²/4π²

Therefore, the length of the vine of the swing is,

l = T²g/4π²

l = 4² x 9.8/4 x (3.14)²

l = 3.97 m

d) The restoring force acting on Mohammed,

F = mg sinθ

F = 50 x 9.8 x sin 45°

F = 490 x 1/√2 = 490/1.414

F = 692.9 N

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The equation most likely used to determine acceleration from a velocity vs. time graph is a = Δv / Δt.

Acceleration is a fundamental concept in physics that refers to the rate at which an object's velocity changes over time. It is defined as the change in velocity divided by the change in time.

Mathematically, acceleration (a) is given by the equation:

a = Δv / Δt

where:

a represents acceleration

Δv represents the change in velocity (the difference between the final velocity and the initial velocity)

Δt represents the change in time (the difference between the final time and the initial time)

In this equation, "a" represents acceleration, Δv represents the change in velocity, and Δt represents the change in time. By calculating the ratio of the change in velocity to the change in time, we can determine the average acceleration over that time interval.

Therefore, The most likely equation used to calculate acceleration from a velocity vs. time graph is a = Δv /Δt.

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The minimum deceleration required to stop the car in 35 meters is 40000 m/s^2.

Deceleration is defined as  the decrease in speed as the body moves away from the starting point.

The minimum deceleration required can be calculated using the equation of motion:

d = v^2 / (2 * a)

where d is the distance, v is the initial velocity, and a is the acceleration.

Rearranging the equation to solve for a:

a = v^2 / (2 * d) = (3500 m/s)^2 / (2 * 35 m) = 40000 m/s^2

In conclusion, , the minimum deceleration required to stop the car in 35 meters is 40000 m/s^2.

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Answer:

I think this must be the ans but sorry if this is incorrect

Explanation:

the all programs submenu

Answer:

Answer:B

Explanation:

Because it all stayed consistant

Answer:

Rate of energy loss by radiation is 28.31 Watt

Explanation:

Given that;

m = 30 kg

power p = 12 W

emissivity e = 0.97

Surface Area A = 0.56 m²

outside of the penguin's body  T = −22°C

surroundings Temperature Ts = -38°C

the rate of energy loss by radiation = ?

Now, using Stefan-Boltzmann law;

P = σeA [ T⁴ - Ts⁴ ]

Stefan's constant σ = 5.67 × 10⁻⁸

so we substitute

P = 5.67 × 10⁻⁸ × 0.97 ×  0.56  [ (-22 + 273 k)⁴ - (-38 + 273 k )⁴]

= 3.079944 × 10⁻⁸ [ 919325376]

=  28.31 Watt

the rate of energy loss by radiation is 28.31 Watt

Explanation:

Potential energy is a scalar quantity because it has only magnitude and no direction. Its ability to be negative does not affect its scalar nature.

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The potential energy of the roller coaster is 176,400 J (joules).

The potential energy of an object is given by the formula PE = mgh, where PE is the potential energy, m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height or vertical position of the object.

In this case, the roller coaster is at a peak of 20m and has a mass of 900kg. The acceleration due to gravity, g, is approximately 9.8 \(m/s^2\).

Using the formula, we can calculate the potential energy:

PE = mgh

= (900 kg)(9.8 \(m/s^2\))(20 m)

= 176,400 J

Therefore, the potential energy of the roller coaster is 176,400 J (joules).

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12.8 rad

Explanation:

The angular displacement \(\theta\) through which the wheel turned can be determined from the equation below:

\(\omega^2 = \omega_0^2 + 2\alpha\theta\) (1)

where

\(\omega_0 = 0\)

\(\omega = 34.7\:\text{rad/s}\)

\(\alpha = 47.0\:\text{rad/s}^2\)

Using these values, we can solve for \(\theta\) from Eqn(1) as follows:

\(2\alpha\theta = \omega^2 - \omega_0^2\)

or

\(\theta = \dfrac{\omega^2 - \omega_0^2}{2\alpha}\)

\(\:\:\:\:= \dfrac{(34.7\:\text{rad/s})^2 - 0}{2(47.0\:\text{rad/s}^2)}\)

\(\:\:\:\:= 12.8\:\text{rad}\)