the amino acid histidine has a side chain for which the pka is 6.0. calculate what fraction of the histidine side chains will carry a positive charge at physiological ph at 7.4.

Answers

Answer 1

Fraction of positively charged histidine side chains at pH 7.4: 0.01. The pKa of histidine's side chain is 6.0,

The pKa of histidine's side chain is 6.0,  which means that at a pH of 6.0, half of the side chains will be positively charged and half will be negatively charged. At a pH of 7.4, which is closer to neutral, fewer side chains will be positively charged. To calculate the fraction of positively charged side chains, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which relates the pH to the pKa and the ratio of protonated to deprotonated species. The result is a very small fraction, indicating that only a small percentage of histidine side chains will be positively charged in physiological conditions.

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Related Questions


Explain how living
on the moon would be similar
to going camping.

Answers

Answer:

you will die because no air

A nugget of gold has a mass of 28 grams and a volume of 1.45 cubic centimeters. What is the density?

Answers

Answer:

0.01931034

Explanation:

Steps:

ρ =  m/v

       =  

28 gram

1.45 cubic meter

=  19.310344827586 gram/cubic meter

=  0.019310344827586 kilogram/cubic meter

Where is the current North magnetic Pole?

Answers

Answer:

The current location of the North Magnetic Pole is in the Arctic Ocean, near the coast of northern Canada, specifically in the region of northern Quebec and Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

Explanation:

However, it's important to note that the North Magnetic Pole is not a fixed point on the Earth's surface, but it is instead constantly moving. The North Magnetic Pole is moving away from Canada and towards Siberia at a rate of about 55 km (34 miles) per year. This movement is caused by changes in the Earth's magnetic field and is known as the "wandering" of the magnetic poles. The exact location of the North Magnetic Pole can be determined by regular measurements and it is used as a reference point for navigation.

How many protons does one oxygen atom contain

Answers

Answer:

8

Explanation:

Its official chemical symbol is O, and its atomic number is 8, which means that an oxygen atom has eight protons in its nucleus

The answer is 8 to you question

toms of elements at the top of a group on the periodic table are smaller than the atoms of elements at the bottom of the group. How does this help explain the difference in the reactivity of metals within a group?

Answers

Answer:

Atoms of elements at the top of a group on the periodic table are smaller than the atoms of elements at the bottom of the group. ... The valence electrons of the larger atoms are farther from the nucleus and are easier to remove, so the metals near the bottom are more reactive than those at the top.

how many valence electrons do the alkaline earth metals have?

Answers

the alkaline earth metals have two valence electrons , hope this helps <3 .

An automobile tire has a pressure of 325 kPa when the temperature is 283 K. If the temperature
rises to 323 K and volume is held constant, what is the new pressure?

Answers

A tire has a pressure of 325 kPa at 10°C, the new pressure of tire is 285 Pka by using formula P1T1 = P2T2

Initial pressure = 325 kPa

Initial temperature = 10°C

Final temperature = 50°C

As given that the volume is constant.

Now, P1T1 = P2T2

P2 = P1T1 / T2

P2 = 325 kPa x 10 + 273 K / 50 + 273 K

P2 = 285 Pka

Thus, a tire has a pressure of 325 kPa at 10°C, the new pressure of tire is 285 Pka.

What is pressure?

The force applied perpendicularly to an object's surface per unit area across which that force is dispersed is referred to as pressure.Gauge pressure is the measurement of pressure in relation to atmospheric pressure.

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Determine the intermediates and product for the following synthesis sequence Determine the intermediates and product for the following synthesis soquence HNO3 Hz504 Pd-C NaNOz HCI CuCN H,o FeCly

Answers

The synthesis sequence involving HNO₃, H₂SO₄, Pd-C, NaNO₂, HCl, CuCN, H₂O, and FeCl₃ results in the following intermediates:

Intermediates:

HNO₃: Nitric acid (a strong acid)H₂SO₄: Sulfuric acid (a strong acid)Pd-C: Palladium on carbon (a catalyst)NaNO₂: Sodium nitriteHCl: Hydrochloric acid (a strong acid)CuCN: Copper(I) cyanide

What is the intermediates?

The synthesis sequence involves a combination of different reagents and catalysts. Nitric acid (HNO₃) and sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) are strong acids commonly used in various organic reactions. Palladium on carbon (Pd-C) serves as a catalyst for certain reactions.

Sodium nitrite (NaNO₂) is an important reagent for the synthesis of various organic compounds. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and copper(I) cyanide (CuCN) are also used in organic chemistry reactions. However, without additional information about the specific reaction being performed, the exact product cannot be determined.

The given sequence represents a series of reactions, but the final product is not specified.

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What is the relationship of matter to elements?

Some matter use elements others do not.
All matter is made of some type of elements.
Some elements have matter.
Elements do not have matter.

Answers

Answer: Matter is made of atoms. Solids, liquids, gases, and plasma are all matter. When all atoms that make up a substance are the same, then that substance is an element. Elements are made of only one kind of atom.

Explanation:

If a 600 gram radioactive sample goes through 3 half-lives, how would be left?

Answers

Answer:

75 g

Explanation:

1 half life = 600/2 = 300g

2 half life = 300/2 = 150g

3 half life = 150/2 = 75g

The amount of 600 gram remaining after 3 half-lives is 75 g.

The half life of a substance is given by:

\(N=N_o(\frac{1}{2} )^\frac{t}{t_\frac{1}{2} } \\\\where\ N\ is\ substance\ remaining\ after\ t\ years,N_o\ is\ the \ original\ sample\\t_\frac{1}{2}\ is\ the\ half\ life\\\\\\Given\ that:\\N_o=600\ g, t=3t_\frac{1}{2} , hence:\\\\N=600(\frac{1}{2} )^\frac{3t_\frac{1}{2} }{t_\frac{1}{2} } \\\\N=600(\frac{1}{2} )^3=75\ g\)

The amount of 600 gram remaining after 3 half-lives is 75 g.

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Which type of alcohol is 2 methyl 2 butanol?

Answers

2-Methyl-2-butanol is a type of alcohol that is also known as tert-butyl alcohol or 2-methylpropyl alcohol.

what are the properties of 2-Methyl-2-butanol ?

It is a clear, colorless liquid that has a characteristic sweet and fruity odor. This alcohol is used in a variety of applications, including as a solvent, as a fuel additive, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals. It is also used in the production of various fragrances and flavors, as well as in the formulation of certain pharmaceuticals and personal care products.

2-Methyl-2-butanol (tert-butyl alcohol) is a branched-chain alcohol that is characterized by its four carbon atoms and its secondary alcohol functional group. It is a clear, colorless, and relatively low-volatility liquid that has a low water solubility and a relatively low boiling point compared to other alcohols of similar molecular weight.

In terms of its properties and uses, 2-methyl-2-butanol is an effective solvent for a variety of organic compounds, including resins, fats, and oils, and it is also used as a starting material for the production of other chemicals. As a fuel additive, it can help to increase the octane rating of gasoline, and it can also help to reduce engine knock and improve fuel efficiency.

2-Methyl-2-butanol is a type of alcohol that is also known as tert-butyl alcohol or 2-methylpropyl alcohol.

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which are characteristics of all living things
PLEASE HELP​

which are characteristics of all living thingsPLEASE HELP

Answers

Answer:

A, D, E

Explanation:

Answer:

Made of cells

Explanation:

cells are the basic building blocks of life

what are the features of a standard hydrogen electrode? a temperature of 298 k a carbon electrode hydrogen gas at 1.01 x 10^5 pa (1 atm) pressure

Answers

The features of a standard hydrogen electrode are :

1. Temperature of 298 K (25°C)

2. Carbon electrode

3. Hydrogen gas at 1.01 x 10^5 Pa (1 atm) pressure

4. Electrolyte solution containing a hydrogen ion activity of 1 mol/L

5. Platinum wire as the current collector

6. A Potential of 0.00 V (relative to the hydrogen gas)

These features are what make up the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE). The temperature of 298 K is the temperature at which the SHE is calibrated and is the standard temperature used in most laboratory experiments. The carbon electrode serves as the interface between the hydrogen gas and the electrolyte, and the hydrogen gas is held at 1.01 x 10^5 Pa (1 atm) pressure. The electrolyte solution contains a hydrogen ion activity of 1 mol/L, which is necessary for the electrode to function properly. A platinum wire is used as the current collector, and the electrode has a potential of 0.00 V, relative to the hydrogen gas. All of these features are necessary for the SHE to function properly and for the electrode to serve as the reference for all other electrochemical measurements.

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the parameter of an atom that defines its unique position in the periodic table is

Answers

Answer:

The parameter of an atom that defines its unique position in the periodic table is its atomic number, which is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

1-ethoxybut-2-yne is the desired product of a synthesis. using the principles of retrosynthetic design, draw compounds a and b in the provided boxes in parts 1 and 2. be sure to consider the entire synthesis when proposing the structures of both a and b. if you need a leaving group, use br.

Answers

1-ethoxybut-2-yne is the desired product of synthesis. using the principles of retrosynthetic design, compounds a and b are attached.

The SN2 reaction process needs a nucleophile attack from the carbon atom's contrary side. As a result, the product moves into the stereochemical location that the departing group had previously held. This is referred to as configuration inversion. A good illustration of a stereospecific reaction, in which several stereoisomers react to produce various stereoisomers of the result, is the SN2 reaction. Additionally, the most typical instance of Walden inversion occurs in the SN2 reaction, in which the configuration of an asymmetric carbon atom is reversed.

In the first step of the given reaction, the SN2 reaction between the compound A and NaCH₂CH₃ gives the product B. In the second step after deprotonation of aikyne, it reacts with CH₃Br to give 1-ethoxybut-2-yne.

Complete question and structures are attached.

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1-ethoxybut-2-yne is the desired product of a synthesis. using the principles of retrosynthetic design,
1-ethoxybut-2-yne is the desired product of a synthesis. using the principles of retrosynthetic design,

hey i got some chem for you guys

hey i got some chem for you guys
hey i got some chem for you guys

Answers

Answer:

C. Equal to

Explanation:

As,

Law of reflection states that , angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection.

what would happen to the atom calcium if you added 3 protons?

Answers

Answer:

Vanadium

Explanation:

Atomic number increases, thereby changing into an atom of Vanadium

Answer:

Vanadium

Explanation:

Science rocks

Sodium and potassium ions are electrolytes. therefore, they dissolve _____ in water

Answers

Sodium and potassium ions are electrolytes, and they dissolve readily in water.

Electrolytes are substances that, when dissolved in water or other solvents, dissociate into ions and are capable of conducting electric current. They are typically composed of ions, such as positively charged cations (e.g., sodium, potassium, calcium) and negatively charged anions (e.g., chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate).

When these ions come into contact with water molecules, the positive sodium (Na⁺) or potassium (K⁺) ions are attracted to the negative pole of the water molecules (oxygen), while the negative chloride (Cl⁻) or sulfate (SO₄²⁻) ions are attracted to the positive pole of the water molecules (hydrogen).

This attraction causes the ions to become surrounded by water molecules, effectively dissolving them and forming a solution. The ability of sodium and potassium ions to dissociate in water and conduct electric current is what classifies them as electrolytes.

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how can we explain why electrons don't spiral into the attracting nucleus?

Answers

The electrons in an atom are held in their orbits by the electromagnetic force produced by the positively charged nucleus.

Electrons do not fall into the nucleus because they possess kinetic energy due to their high speed around the nucleus, as well as the quantum mechanical uncertainty principle.

If an electron were to lose energy, it would spiral inward toward the nucleus, and if it gained energy, it would move farther away from the nucleus.

The lowest energy level of an electron is known as the ground state, and the energy levels above it are known as the excited states.

The electrons in an atom occupy the lowest energy levels possible.

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How many atoms of oxygen (O) are represented in the chemical formula shown below?

2 CO2


1 atom of oxygen


2 atoms of oxygen


6 atoms of oxygen


4 atoms of oxygen

Answers

Answer:

4 atoms of oxygen

Explanation:

2 atoms of oxygen gas O2

Answer:

4 atoms of oxygen

Explanation:

The given chemical formula is:

             2CO₂

Unknown is the number of atoms;

  There are :

C : 2 atoms of carbon

O: (2 x 2) atoms of oxygen in the given molecule

      4 atoms of oxygen

how do the values of z, n, and a compare for each pair of atoms?

Answers

The values of z , n ,a for a pair of atoms can often be compared as follows: Atomic mass, the principal quantum number (n), and the atomic number (z) (a).

The values of z, n, and a are crucial quantities that characterise an atom's characteristics. The number of protons in the nucleus, or the atomic number (z), specifies the element to which the atom belongs. The energy level and spatial distribution of electrons are determined by the principal quantum number (n), with larger values signifying greater distance from the nucleus and higher energy. The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom's nucleus, or atomic mass (a), defines the atom's overall mass. Comparing and contrasting various atoms, such as those that belong to various elements, isotopes, or ionisation states, is possible using the values of z, n, and a. They are essential to comprehending the atomic level structure and behaviour of matter.

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a gas has a volume of 3.5L at STP. How many moles of gas is this?

Answers

At STP (standard temperature and pressure), the temperature is 273 K and the pressure is 1 atm. The molar volume of a gas at STP is 22.4 L/mol.

To calculate the number of moles of gas in a volume of 3.5 L at STP, we can use the following formula:

moles = volume (in L) / molar volume (in L/mol)

moles = 3.5 L / 22.4 L/mol

moles = 0.15625 mol

Therefore, the number of moles of gas in a volume of 3.5 L at STP is approximately 0.15625 mol.

how many milligrams of sodium in a teaspoon of salt

Answers

Answer:

a SINGLE TEASPOON contains 2,300 milligrams of sodium or 2.3 grams!

Explanation:

hope this helps! :)

Ethanol, like any physical material in this universe, is matter. Which of these is NOT matter? a) Bubbles b) Smoke c) Glass d) Light

Answers

Light is not considered matter. It is a form of electromagnetic radiation that does not possess mass or occupy space in the same way that physical substances do.  Option D

a) Bubbles are made up of matter. They are typically composed of a gas (such as air) surrounded by a liquid or solid material, forming a thin film. The film of the bubble contains molecules of the substance, making it a form of matter.

b) Smoke consists of tiny particles suspended in air, resulting from the incomplete combustion of a material. These particles are solid or liquid, making smoke a form of matter. It contains tiny particles of matter that are dispersed in the air.

c) Glass is a solid material that is made up of an amorphous arrangement of molecules. It is a state of matter known as a solid, characterized by its rigidity and shape. Glass is composed of atoms and molecules tightly packed together.

In contrast, light does not have mass or a fixed volume. It behaves as both particles (photons) and waves, and it travels in a straight line at a constant speed. Light can interact with matter, such as being absorbed, transmitted, or reflected, but it itself is not matter.

In summary, while bubbles, smoke, and glass are all forms of matter, light is not. Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation that exhibits wave-particle duality and does not possess mass or occupy space in the same way as physical substances.

Option D

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element x occurs as a mixture of three isotopes: x-24 (23.99 amu, 78.99%); x-25 (24.99 amu, 10.00%); and x-26 (25.98 amu, 11.01%). what is the atomic weight of x?

Answers

Element X occurs as a mixture of three isotopes: X-24 (23.99 amu, 78.99%); X-25 (24.99 amu, 10.00%); and X-26 (25.98 amu, 11.01%). So, the atomic weight of X is 24.29 amu.

The standard atomic weight of a chemical element, represented by the symbol Ar°(E), is the product of the relative isotopic weights and the relative abundances of all of its isotopes on Earth.

Standard atomic weight is a distinctive measure of relative atomic mass. The "recommended values" of the relative atomic masses of sources in close proximity to the Earth's crust and atmosphere, according to the IUPAC Committee on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances, are those sources (CIAAW). Values from various sources are often subject to natural fluctuation since they have varying radioactive histories. The range of atomic weights that can be anticipated from different samples or sources is thus known as the "standard" range. As only sources with a terrestrial origin are included, the values produced by the CIAAW are less variable and a more accurate representation of the relative atomic masses (atomic weights) actually discovered and used in real-world materials.

According to the question,

the isotopes of X, x-24, x-25 and x-26 are mixed at a certain percentage.

So, the atomic weight of X is the combined atomic weight of all its three isotopes.

Atomic weight of  \(X= (\frac{(23.99*78.99)}{100}) + (\frac{(24.99*10)}{100}) + (\frac{(25.98*11.01)}{100})\)

⇒ \(18.94+2.499+2.86=24.29\) amu

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Question 10 of 10What type of reaction always has oxygen as a reactant and produces energy?OA. A redox reactionO B. A double-replacement reactionAO c. A combustion reactionO D. A single-replacement reactionSUBMIT

Question 10 of 10What type of reaction always has oxygen as a reactant and produces energy?OA. A redox

Answers

Answer:

C. A combustion reaction.

Explanation:

Let's see why a combustion reaction would be the answer:

A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat. Combustion reactions must involve O2 as one reactant.

When a combustion reaction has a hydrocarbon as a reactant (a compound made up solely of carbon and hydrogen), the products of the combustion of hydrocarbons would be carbon dioxide and water. Many hydrocarbons are used as fuel because their combustion releases very large amounts of heat energy.

Based on this logic, the answer would be C. A combustion reaction.

What are the free radicals?

What are the negative health consequences of high amount of free radical in the system? (3 pts)

What are the antioxidants? (1.5 pts)

Answers

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules or atoms that have unpaired electrons in their outer shells.
Negative health consequences of a high amount of free radicals in the system include, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Cellular Damage.
Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize or counteract the damaging effects of free radicals.


Free radicals are highly reactive molecules or atoms that have unpaired electrons in their outer shells. They are formed as natural byproducts of various biological processes in the body, such as metabolism, immune response, and environmental factors like pollution, radiation, or smoking. Free radicals are unstable and seek to stabilize themselves by oxidizing other molecules in the body, leading to a chain reaction of damage to cells, proteins, and DNA.

Negative health consequences of a high amount of free radicals in the system include:

Oxidative Stress: Excessive free radicals can cause oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defenses. This can result in damage to cellular components and contribute to the development of chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging.

Inflammation: Free radicals can trigger and perpetuate inflammation in the body. Chronic inflammation is associated with various health conditions, including arthritis, asthma, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders.

Cellular Damage: Free radicals can damage cell membranes, proteins, and DNA, leading to mutations, cell dysfunction, and impaired cellular processes. This can disrupt normal cell function and contribute to the development of diseases.

Antioxidants are substances that can neutralize or counteract the damaging effects of free radicals. They help inhibit or reduce the oxidation of other molecules by donating an electron to stabilize the free radicals without becoming free radicals themselves. Antioxidants can be naturally occurring compounds found in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds, as well as synthetic substances. Some common antioxidants include vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, selenium, and various phytochemicals. Consuming a diet rich in antioxidants or supplementing with antioxidants can help protect against oxidative stress and mitigate the negative health consequences associated with high levels of free radicals.


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Which compounds are electrolytes

Answers

Answer:

Calcium.

Potassium.

Chlorine.

Magnesium.

Sodium.

Phosphate.

Explanation:

I need to solve this quickly!

I need to solve this quickly!

Answers

Answer:

to create or make energy Storage molecules

How to find moles of a cooking recipe? Chemistry project help please

How to find moles of a cooking recipe? Chemistry project help please

Answers

The moles of substances required to make scrambled eggs is given in the cooking recipe for scrambled eggs.

What is the moles of a substance?

A mole of. a substance is the amount of that substance which contains the avogadro number (6.02 × 10^23) of particles in it.

A mole of a substance is usually given as a standard unit measurement of that substance.

The mass of 1 mole of is known as the molar mass if that substance.

From the recipe for preparing scramble eggs given, the moles of substances required are as follows:

6 moles of eggs1 mole of red bell pepper1 mole of green bell pepper1/2 moles of carrots1/4 moles of olive oil 1/4 cup of salt

Therefore, the moles of substances required to make scrambled eggs is given in the cooking recipe for scrambled eggs.

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