The Edman degradation uses to label the N-terminal protein, whereas the Sanger method modifies the N-terminal residue of a peptide with .
Answers
The Edman degradation uses phenylisothiocyanate to label the N-terminal protein, whereas the Sanger method modifies the N-terminal residue of a peptide with dansyl chloride.
What is the Edman degradation?The Edman degradation is a method of amino acid sequence determination that involves cleaving the polypeptide chain to release the amino-terminal amino acid of the chain, which is then identified and isolated. The Edman degradation method's key advantage is that it enables the isolation and sequencing of a single peptide from a complex protein sample. The sequence of the isolated peptide can be compared to the database of known peptide sequences to identify the protein's identity.
What is the Sanger method?The Sanger method is a method of DNA sequencing that was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977. It is based on the synthesis of the DNA chain and the use of chain termination inhibitors. A primer, a DNA polymerase, four dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddNTPs), and the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) are used in the Sanger method. The DNA chain's synthesis is initiated by the primer, and dNTPs are added to the chain. The synthesis is halted when a ddNTP is added to the chain since it lacks the 3' OH group needed for chain extension. The ddNTPs are labeled with fluorescent dyes, allowing the separation and identification of the fragments formed during the synthesis.
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Related Questions
Explain how Darwin’s research on Finches show natural selection in their beaks AND explain the benefits of the different beaks
Answers
Answer:
Then, natural selection would probably favor different varieties in the different islands.” In other words, beaks changed as the birds developed different tastes for fruits, seeds, or insects picked from the ground or cacti. Long, pointed beaks made some of them more fit for picking seeds out of cactus fruits.
Explanation:
Darwin noticed that fruit-eating finches had parrot-like beaks, and that finches that ate insects had narrow, prying beaks. ... Later, Darwin concluded that several birds from one species of finch had probably been blown by storm or otherwise separated to each of the islands from one island or from the mainland.
The Kid Laroi- Rapper-Songwriter
true or false?two-thirds of our rainfall is returned to the air by evaporation and respiration
Answers
About 90% of the water in the atmosphere is produced from evaporation crom water bodys, while the remaining 10% comes from transpiration. These are the form of return of the water to the atmosphere in the water cycle. The rainfall is related to the process of precipitation of the water cycle, being know a the return of water to the Earth.
Therefore, for the information about the water cycle and how it work, the alternative is false because according to the known about the water cycle, rainfall is not direct linked to the return of water to the air, but to the return of water to the Earth.
Immunology assignment
Discuss the role of the major histocompatibility complex in health and disease
Answers
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays a critical role in immune surveillance by presenting antigenic peptides to T cells. Dysregulation of MHC expression and function can lead to autoimmune disease and cancer.
The MHC is a cluster of genes that encode for proteins involved in antigen presentation to T cells, a process critical for the activation of adaptive immune responses. MHC class I molecules present intracellular peptides to CD8+ T cells, whereas MHC class II molecules present extracellular peptides to CD4+ T cells. Proper MHC expression and function is essential for the recognition and elimination of pathogens, as well as the maintenance of self-tolerance. Dysregulation of MHC expression and function can result in the development of autoimmune disease, where self-antigens are presented to T cells leading to the destruction of host tissue. Similarly, alterations in MHC expression and presentation can contribute to the development of cancer by allowing tumor cells to evade immune surveillance.
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The data table below shows the number of bacteria in two samples A and B growing in a laboratory over a five hour period Data were collected every half hour If the pattern of growth continues how many bacteria Will be in simple B when it six hours have elapsed
Answers
The data table below shows the number of bacteria in two samples A and B growing in a laboratory over a five-hour period. Data was collected every half hour.
If the pattern of growth continues how many bacteria Will be in sample B when six hours have elapsed. After six hours have elapsed, Sample B would have 51,200 bacteria. This is because the data table shows that the number of bacteria in Sample B doubles every half hour. Thus, after 5 hours, the number of bacteria in Sample B was 25,600. If the pattern of growth continues, after the next half hour (at the 5.5-hour mark), the number of bacteria would double to 51,200, which is the answer to the question.
It is important to note that this assumes the pattern of growth will continue exactly as it has been observed in the data table. In reality, bacterial growth can be influenced by a variety of factors, such as nutrient availability and temperature, which can impact the rate of growth.
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The model represents the change in the DNA content of a cell during the cell cycle. Which table shows two steps of DNA replication?
Answers
Answer:
The life cycle of eukaryotic cells can generally be divided into four stages and a typical cell cycle is shown in Figure 2.13. When a cell is produced through fertilization or cell division, there is usually a lag before it undergoes DNA synthesis (replication). This lag period is called Gap 1 (G1), and ends with the onset of the DNA synthesis (S) phase, during which each chromosome is replicated. Following replication, there may be another lag, called Gap 2 (G2), before mitosis (M). Cells undergoing meiosis do not usually have a G2 phase. Interphase is as term used to include those phases of the cell cycle excluding mitosis and meiosis. Many variants of this generalized cell cycle also exist. Some cells never leave G1 phase, and are said to enter a permanent, non-dividing stage called G0. On the other hand, some cells undergo many rounds of DNA synthesis (S) without any mitosis or cell division, leading to endoreduplication. Understanding the control of the cell cycle is an active area of research, particularly because of the relationship between cell division and cancer.
Explanation:
The amount of DNA within a cell changes following each of the following events: fertilization, DNA synthesis, mitosis, and meiosis (Fig 2.14). We use “c” to represent the DNA content in a cell, and “n” to represent the number of complete sets of chromosomes. In a gamete (i.e. sperm or egg), the amount of DNA is 1c, and the number of chromosomes is 1n. Upon fertilization, both the DNA content and the number of chromosomes doubles to 2c and 2n, respectively. Following DNA replication, the DNA content doubles again to 4c, but each pair of sister chromatids is still counted as a single chromosome (a replicated chromosome), so the number of chromosomes remains unchanged at 2n. If the cell undergoes mitosis, each daughter cell will return to 2c and 2n, because it will receive half of the DNA, and one of each pair of sister chromatids. In contrast, the 4 cells that come from meiosis of a 2n, 4c cell are each 1c and 1n, since each pair of sister chromatids, and each pair of homologous chromosomes, divides during meiosis.
Where does the plant originally the energy to make glucose?
Answers
Answer:
the sun and their leaves
Explanation:
LEAVES
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, plants trap light energy with their leaves. Plants use the energy of the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into a sugar called glucose.How are protocells similar to living cells?
Answers
Explanation:
Formed from the aggregation of abiotic components, protocells are the precursors of modern living cells. Despite not being alive, protocells show characteristics similar to those of biological cells.
Select all of the following that are true with respect to genomes. Check all that apply. a. In eukaryotic cells, the genome is usually divided up into multiple chromosomes. b. In prokaryotic cells, the genome is usually divided up into multiple chromosomes. c. In eukaryotic cells, the genome usually consists of just one circular DNA molecule. d. In prokaryotic cells, the genome usually consists of just one circular DNA molecule.
Answers
a. The genome in eukaryotic cells is typically divided into multiple chromosomes and d. In prokaryotic cells, the genome usually consists of just one circular DNA molecule are true with respect to genomes.
What are Genomes?
Genomes are the complete set of genetic material, including DNA and genes, that make up an organism. They determine an organism's traits and characteristics, from physical features to behavioral traits. Genomes can be found in all living organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.
In eukaryotes, the genome is typically divided into multiple chromosomes contained within the nucleus, while prokaryotes usually have a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm. Advances in genomics research have enabled scientists to study and manipulate genomes, leading to new insights into biological processes and potential applications in medicine and biotechnology.
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The speed of light is roughly 3.0×10^8 m/s if it takes light 8 minutes and 20 seconds to get from the sun to earth what is the distance between the sun and earth
Answers
1 min = 60 s
8 min = 60x8 = 480 s
480 + 20 = 500 s
Using formula d = rt
d = 3.0x10^8 x 500
d = 1.5x10^11 meters
Or 150 000 000 kilometers (150 million kilometers)
1) compare and contrast the approaches that prokaryotes and eukaryotes use for regulating gene expression
Answers
Prokaryotic transcription plays a major role in regulating gene expression. Epigenetics, transcription, post-transcription, translation, and post-translation are the levels at which Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated.
Prokaryotic cells primarily regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level (although some prokaryotic cells also regulate gene expression at the epigenetic and post-translational levels), whereas eukaryotic cells regulate gene expression at the Epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels.
Since transcription and translation are physically distinct processes, eukaryotic gene expression is more complex than prokaryotic gene expression. Eukaryotic cells, as opposed to prokaryotic cells, have a wide range of levels at which they can control gene expression.
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What captures light energy in a plant? A. pigments like chlorophyll B. mitochondria C. flowers
Answers
Answer:
A. Pigments like chlorophyll
Explanation:
the first exposure to an antigen is called the ______.
Answers
The immune response occurring on the first exposure to an antigen is called. A. Secondary response.
To destroy the viruses, fungi, or bacteria, the immune system creates antibodies that are specific for each antigen. The first time a person is exposed to a type of bacteria, fungus, or virus, the immune system makes antibodies to that specific organism. Innate immunity is the first immunological, non-specific mechanism for fighting against infections. This immune response is rapid, occurring minutes or hours after aggression and is mediated by numerous cells including phagocytes, mast cells, basophils and eosinophils, as well as the complement system. The first exposure to an antigen stimulates a primary response, and subsequent exposures stimulate a faster and strong secondary response.
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how do paragraphs 4-5 contribute to the development of ideas in the text? in ADHESIVE FROM TREES COULD MAKE TAPE MORE ECO-FRIENDLY
Answers
Paragraphs 4-5 contribute to the text development because they reveal why crude oil is a bad ingredient for tape adhesive, option B.
What is tape adhesive?Adhesive tapes are a material and an adhesive film combination that is used to bond or join objects together instead of using fasteners, screws, or welding. When you use adhesive tapes instead of mechanical fasteners, you can use lower temperature applications, which simplifies manufacturing processes.
Polymers can be created by combining ingredients from a variety of sources. Crude oil is one common source. However, crude oil is a fossil fuel. Millions of years are required for development. They also emit pollution, including greenhouse gases, during processing.
The complete question is:
How do paragraphs 4-5 contribute to the development of ideas in the text? in ADHESIVE FROM TREES COULD MAKE TAPE MORE ECO-FRIENDLY
A. They suggest an alternative greener ingredient for tape adhesive.
B. They reveal why crude oil is a bad ingredient for tape adhesive.
C. They explain that companies use crude oil because it is reusable.
D. They explain why tape adhesive can only be made using crude oil.
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HELPS PLEase ill give you brainlistt
Step 1: Choose one of the ocean currents shown on the maps.
Step 2: Conduct research and describe this current. Include such details as the location, direction, temperature, and any other details you can identify.
Step 3: Include the URL of any sources that you used in your research
Answers
Step 1: I have chosen the Gulf Stream as the ocean current from the map for this exercise.
How to describe the current?Step 2: The Gulf Stream is a powerful warm ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and flows along the eastern coast of the United States before crossing the Atlantic Ocean towards Europe. It is part of the larger North Atlantic Gyre circulation system. The Gulf Stream is known for its swift speed and strong flow.
Location: The Gulf Stream begins in the Gulf of Mexico, near the coast of Florida, and then follows a northeastward path along the eastern seaboard of the United States. It eventually crosses the Atlantic Ocean and influences the climate of Western Europe.
Direction: The Gulf Stream flows from south to north along the eastern coast of the United States and then veers to the east as it crosses the Atlantic Ocean.
Temperature: The Gulf Stream is characterized by warm waters, with temperatures ranging from around 20°C (68°F) to 25°C (77°F) in its northern region. It carries warm water from the tropics towards higher latitudes, significantly affecting the climate of regions it passes through.
Other details: The Gulf Stream is an important ocean current that influences weather patterns, ocean ecosystems, and marine navigation. Its strong flow and warm waters have significant impacts on climate and contribute to the milder temperatures experienced in Western Europe compared to regions at similar latitudes.
Step 3: These are some sources that provide further information about the Gulf Stream:
National Ocean Service - Gulf Stream: https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/gulfstream.html
National Geographic - Gulf Stream: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/gulf-stream/
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution - Gulf Stream: https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/ocean-topics/ocean-circulation/gulf-stream/
Britannica - Gulf Stream: https://www.britannica.com/place/Gulf-Stream
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An object has a mass of 40 g and a volume of 10 cm³. Its density is:
4 g/cm³
10 g/cm³
40 g/cm³
400 g/cm³
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
To find the density you take mass divided by volume
Which stage of the cell cycle is characterized by the sister chromatids reaching the opposite poles and uncoiling to form chromatin
Answers
Answer:Telophase. During telophase (Figure below), the chromosomes begin to uncoil and form chromatin. This prepares the genetic material for directing the metabolic activities of the new cells. The spindle also breaks down, and new nuclear membranes (nuclear envelope) form.
Explanation:
Imagine that you are a managing partner of a cattle farm. Your partner wants to branch out into various breeds of cattle. Briefly, explain why you believe the farm should focus on only one breed.
Answers
Since various breeds could require different kinds of resources, we should limit our attention to one kind. Additionally, they could infect some of the cattle with diseases that lead them to pass away earlier than they should and spoil the meat.
In cattle farming, animals are kept in suitable housing and under stringent hygienic conditions. We must adhere to a few procedures for maintenance. Regular cleanings of the animals' pens and sheds are required. To get rid of the filth and insects on an animal's body, brush them frequently.
An employee who cares for beef cattle helps with everyday farm chores. Giving birth, feeding, and breeding are examples of this. Additionally, they spot sick animals and decide on appropriate care or call a vet.
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Focal depth/focal length/near zone length: is the distance from the transducer to the narrowest part of the beam (the focus).
Phased array: adjustable focus systems
With a fixed focus transducer, 2 factors combine to determine the focal depth
1. transducer diameter
2. frequency of the sound
Answers
Yes, that's correct. The focal depth, also known as the near zone length or depth of field, refers to the distance from the transducer to the narrowest point of the ultrasound beam, where the beam is most tightly focused.
This distance is determined by several factors, including the transducer diameter, the frequency of the sound waves, and the properties of the tissue being imaged.
Phased array systems are designed to have an adjustable focus, allowing the operator to control the depth of focus and improve image quality. In contrast, fixed focus transducers have a single, predetermined focus depth that is determined by the transducer diameter and frequency.
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To successfully appeal, the party must show that an error was made, even a trivial error. True or False
Answers
The statement "To successfully appeal, the party must show that an error was made, even a trivial error," is True.
Explanation:Appeal refers to the legal process of requesting a higher court to review and reconsider a lower court's decision. To appeal, the party appealing must provide solid grounds for why they think the decision was unfair, unjust, or incorrect.
The error must be significant enough that it influenced the decision and had an impact on the outcome.However, some jurisdictions recognize even trivial errors as grounds for appeal. This means that a small error, if it can be demonstrated, may be enough to overturn the decision. For example, if a judge misquoted a law or a fact and it had no bearing on the outcome, it would still be a trivial error but may provide grounds for appeal.
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cell theory states that all living things contain one or more cells. Why do you think cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory? Do you think it should be a scientific law? Explain your response.
Answers
Answer:
Cell theory is made up by doing a number of experiments just like scientific theory.
Explanation:
Cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory because cell theory was made by performing a number of experiments just like scientific theory. Yes, cell theory should be scientific law if there is no change occurs in the statement of cell theory then it must be considered as law. Law should be made when the theory is passed through from a number of experiments.
Answer:
Cell theory meets the definition of the scientific theory as it is proven by numerous experiments and observations.
Explanation:
Anyone can observe the cells under the microscope using a basic staining procedure.
What could be a possible explanation for the
length of a giraffe's neck?
Answers
Answer:
Due to adaptation and evolution, the giraffes' neck has evolved to be extremely long. As we know, giraffe's tend to eat leaves from higher up branches in the trees. Since few mamals are able to reach up that high, they have more food.
To put it simply, a giraffe's neck has evolved to be so long due to their food choices.
Due to adaptation and evolution, the giraffes' neck has evolved to be extremely long.
What is Girraffe's neck?As we know, giraffe's tend to eat leaves from higher up branches in the trees. Since few mammals are able to reach up that high, they have more food.
Explaining the genesis and purpose of adaptations is the difficult task of evolutionary biology. Things can occasionally turn out to be more complicated than they first appear to be. The giraffe, or rather its impossibly long neck, is one illustration.
The giraffe's neck, which can extend up to two meters in length, was chosen since no other animal can access the topmost leaves of the trees because of its unique ability to do so.
Therefore, this adaption was created to prevent the animal from competing with other animals for food. To put it simply, a giraffe's neck has evolved to be so long due to their food choices.
Therefore, Due to adaptation and evolution, the giraffes' neck has evolved to be extremely long.
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Which cells have the two unique biologic characteristics of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation?
Answers
stem cells have the two unique biologic characteristics of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation
What are the properties of stem cells ?Stem cells are present in the body which have the capability to differentiate into various types of cell.
Stem cells are the primitive cell lineage among all tissues and are found in both embryonic and adult stages.
These cells continuously supply a number of new cells which make up the tissues and organs of higher living organism.
It has a great role in therapeutic method for various diseases and conditions.
In embryonic organism, it is present in the inner cell mass of the blastocyst, while in adult it is present in the bone marrow and the gonads.
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Your question was incomplete, so the probable question is
Which cells have the two unique biologic characteristics of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation?
A. pronormoblast
B. stem cell
C. lymphoblast
D. myeloblast
Select the correct answer.
Which statement is true about the relationship between carrying capacity and population size?
OA. If a population is more than the carrying capacity, it leads to a positive growth rate and increased population.
OB.
If a population is less than the carrying capacity, it leads to a negative growth rate.
O C.
If a population is less than the carrying capacity, it leads to a positive growth rate and increased population.
If a population is more than the carrying capacity, it leads to a neutral growth rate.
O D.
Reset
Next
Answers
The correct answer to the question is option B: If a population is less than the carrying capacity, it leads to a negative growth rate.
The carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem or environment can support without causing any harm to its sustainability. It is determined by factors such as the availability of resources, space, and the capacity to absorb wastes. When a population size exceeds the carrying capacity, it leads to a depletion of resources, competition for survival, and environmental degradation. As a result, the population growth rate reduces and may even become negative if the resources are severely limited. On the other hand, if the population size is below the carrying capacity, the environment can support more individuals, and resources are abundant. In this scenario, the population growth rate is positive, and the population size can increase. However, this growth rate may slow down as the population approaches the carrying capacity, and resources become scarcer. It is essential to understand the relationship between carrying capacity and population size to ensure the sustainability of the ecosystem and its inhabitants. Human activities that exceed the carrying capacity of the environment can have long-term consequences, such as resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. Therefore, it is crucial to adopt sustainable practices that respect the carrying capacity of the environment and maintain its balance.
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tell us how a biome is from the equator
Answers
The ways in which a biome is from the equator is if it is characterized by a warmer and wetter climate.
What is Climate?This is referred to as the weather conditions of an area in general over a long period of time and it is dependent on various types of factors.
Biome which are from the equator are warmer and wetter because the moisture content of warmer air is greater than that of cooler air. They form the world's tropical forests in which regions such as Central and South America possess half of it thereby making it the correct choice.
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Which symptom is unique to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) and is not observed in multiple sclerosis (ms)?
Answers
ALS is a rapidly progressive and fatal neuromuscular disease. MS is a scarring and hardening of the sheath around the nerves in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve. MD is a muscular disorder with specific kinds of MD involving different muscles in the body. MD is almost exclusively hereditary
What is Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) ?The motor neurons steadily degrade and eventually die as a result of ALS. The brain, spinal cord, and all the muscles in the body are connected by motor neurons. When motor neurons are destroyed, they stop communicating with the muscles, which prevents the muscles from working.
Five to ten percent of all ALS cases are familial, meaning the patient gets the illness from a parent. Typically, only one parent needs to have the disease-causing gene to have familial ALS.Learn more about Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis here:
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Scientists have cloned goats so they can take out a protein in the goats’ milk and use it to make medicine. The goats are raised in a laboratory. The medicine that is produced can help with certain diseases that affect humans.
Which best describes a disadvantage of this scenario?
The goats will have more genetic variation.
The goats will become infected with the human diseases.
There are unknown health risks to the goats.
There could be many health risks to drinking the goats’ milk.
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
HELPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
Answers
Answers:
5. Describe how light microscopes are used to magnify objects:
When light reflects off of an object being viewed under the microscope and passes through the lens, it bends towards the eye. This makes the object look bigger than it actually is.
What are limitations of using a light microscope?Limitation: Low Resolution. Because optical microscopes use normal white light, the limit of their resolution is 200 nanometres. This means that objects smaller than this cannot be properly viewed by an optical microscope.
6.What is the advantage of using electron microscopes?
Advantages would be of course magnification and higher resolution
as electrons rather than light waves are used, it can be used to analyze structures which cannot otherwise be seen. The resolution of electron microscopy images is in the range of up to 0.2 nm, which is 1000x more detailed than light microscopy.
7.Contrast TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPES (TEM)with SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPES(SEM):The main difference between SEM and TEM is that SEM creates an image by detecting reflected or knocked-off electrons, while TEM uses transmitted electrons (electrons that are passing through the sample) to create an image.
8. Answer:All cells share four common components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.
9. What is the defining characteristic of a prokaryotic cells?The defining characteristic of prokaryotes is that they lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus. The single chromosome, usually circular, is tightly wound and compact. The region of the cytoplasm containing the chromosome is called the nucleoid.
10.What is the defining characteristic of a eukaryotic cell?Eukaryotic cells are defined by the presence of a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane.
Hope this helps^^Explanation:
what is the purpose of salt in making ice cream in simple words?
Answers
Answer:
Salt makes ice colder, so it freezes the cream quicker which allows for the icecream to be created faster.
Explanation:
Salt lowers ice's freezing point, therefore, making it colder. Because of this it also makes water freezing harder-hence why we put it on the roads in the winter.
Help please!
What is the outcome of all chemical changes when two substances are combined?
A- A new substance forms with identical properties
B- The two substances release an odor
C- The two substances change color
D- A new substance forms with different properties
Answers
Chemical changes:-
occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. These processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions.
Hope this can help.
Answer:
D- A new substance forms with different properties
Explanation:
When a chemical change occurs, it causes the matter to form into a completely new substance. Because of this, the new substance will have different properties than the original substance. Options B and C are true for some chemical changes, but not all changes. Option A is incorrect because the substance has different properties than the original substance. Thus, Option D is correct.
- I took the quiz and got 100%
Hope this helps!
explain the general sequence of events that follow lipophilic ligand binding to intracellular receptors
Answers
The binding of lipophilic ligands to intracellular receptors leads to the general sequence of events. Lipophilic ligands or hydrophobic ligands are compounds that are lipid soluble and can bind to lipid regions of proteins.
The intracellular receptors are cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors, so once the ligand binds to it, it enters the cell and then it will bind to the receptor, forming a ligand-receptor complex. The ligand-receptor complex then undergoes a conformational change, revealing the nuclear localization sequence, which allows it to pass through the nuclear membrane.
The complex then binds to specific DNA sequences, called hormone response elements (HRE), that are located in the regulatory region of target genes. Once the ligand-receptor complex binds to the HRE, it recruits co-activators that can either help remodel the chromatin structure or initiate transcription directly. Co-activators can either enhance or stabilize the transcription factor's binding to DNA.
Furthermore, co-activators help in recruiting the RNA polymerase II, transcription factors, and other associated proteins required for transcription. The general sequence of events following ligand binding to intracellular receptors can be summarized as ligand binding to the receptor → ligand-receptor complex formation → translocation to the nucleus → binding to HRE → recruitment of co-activators → initiation of transcription.
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