The phosphorylation of ________ a protein kinase upon downstream signaling by phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 is responsible to promote cell division and growth.
A) PKB
B) ERK
C) PKA
D) PKC
Answers
The phosphorylation of PKB a protein kinase upon downstream signaling by phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 is responsible to promote cell division and growth.
A receptor is a specialized protein or molecule located on the surface or within the cells of organisms that detects and responds to specific signals or stimuli from the environment or other cells. Receptors play a crucial role in various biological processes by initiating a cascade of chemical or electrical signals that ultimately lead to specific cellular responses.
In the field of molecular biology, receptors are often associated with cell signaling and communication. They can recognize and bind to specific ligands, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or other signaling molecules, triggering a series of events within the cell. This binding can activate or inhibit specific cellular pathways, influencing gene expression, metabolism, growth, and numerous other physiological processes.
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Related Questions
Some antibiotics are no longer effective in killing pathogens. Use your knowledge of natural selection to explain why.
Answers
Antibiotic resistance in pathogens occurs due to natural selection, where bacteria with genetic variations that make them less susceptible to antibiotics survive and reproduce, leading to the ineffectiveness of the drugs.
Antibiotic resistance, where pathogens become resistant to the effects of antibiotics, is a consequence of natural selection. When antibiotics are used to kill bacteria, some bacteria may possess genetic variations that make them less susceptible to the drug's effects. These resistant bacteria have a survival advantage and can survive and reproduce while susceptible bacteria are eliminated. Over time, the resistant bacteria proliferate and become dominant in the population, leading to the ineffectiveness of the antibiotic. This is because the selection pressure of the antibiotic favors the survival and reproduction of the resistant bacteria, driving the evolution of antibiotic-resistant strains. The misuse and overuse of antibiotics further accelerate this process, highlighting the importance of responsible antibiotic use to preserve their effectiveness in combating pathogens.In conclusion, the ineffectiveness of some antibiotics in killing pathogens is attributed to the process of natural selection, whereby bacteria with genetic variations that confer resistance to the antibiotics survive and reproduce, leading to the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains.
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the gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can reduce their
a. sexual activity.
b. infertility.
c. lung capacity.
d. thyroid levels.
Answers
The gradual decline in men's testosterone levels in middle age can potentially reduce their a. sexual activity.
Testosterone is the primary manly coitus hormone, and it plays a pivotal part in maintaining sexual function and libido in men. As men age, it's common for testosterone situations to decline gradationally, a process known as andropause or late- onset hypogonadism. This decline in testosterone can lead to colorful changes in the body, including a drop in sexual exertion or desire.
Testosterone is involved in regulating sexual desire, thrill, and performance. Lower situations of testosterone can affect in a drop in sexual provocation, dropped frequence of sexual exertion, and potentially impact erectile function. still, it's important to note that individual gests may vary, and not all men will witness significant changes in sexual exertion as a result of declining testosterone situations.
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The intensity of sunlight on Earth is affected by
A.) the mass of Earth
B.) the speed of Earth
C.) the number of rotations of Earth
D.) the curved surface of Earth
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is D.) the curved surface of Earth.
Explanation:
The intensity of sunlight on Earth is affected by the curved surface of Earth, which causes the sunlight to spread out over a larger area. As a result, the intensity of sunlight is less at any given point on Earth's surface than it would be if Earth had a flat surface. This also explains why the poles receive less sunlight than the equator, as sunlight is spread out over a larger area near the poles due to the curvature of the Earth.
Factors such as the mass of Earth, the speed of Earth, and the number of rotations of Earth do not directly affect the intensity of sunlight on Earth.
How have scientist use bio technology to improve the production of insulin for diabetics?
A. Directly delivering insulin into the cells of diabetics.
B. Inserting functional genes into diabetics to help them produce insulin.
C. Developing artificial insulin that can be produced in a lab.
D. Inserting the human gene of insulin into bacteria.
Answers
Scientists have effectively utilized biotechnology to enhance the production of insulin for diabetics. By inserting the human gene of insulin into bacteria.
The correct answer is option D.
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates glucose levels in the body. Individuals with diabetes either do not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively utilize it. Biotechnology has revolutionized the production of insulin by introducing recombinant DNA technology.
The process involves inserting the human gene responsible for producing insulin into bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. These bacteria act as "factories" for insulin production. The human insulin gene is inserted into the bacterial DNA, allowing the bacteria to synthesize insulin that is identical to human insulin.
The procedure begins by isolating the human gene for insulin and inserting it into a plasmid, a small circular DNA molecule. The plasmid is then transferred into the bacteria, which replicate and express the insulin gene, resulting in the production of insulin molecules. The bacteria can be cultured on a large scale, providing a continuous supply of insulin.
This biotechnological approach has several advantages. First, it allows for the production of large quantities of insulin in a cost-effective manner. Second, the recombinant insulin produced is identical to human insulin, reducing the risk of adverse reactions in diabetic patients. Third, the process can be optimized and controlled, ensuring consistent and reliable insulin production.
This breakthrough in biotechnology has significantly improved the availability and accessibility of insulin for diabetics worldwide. It has reduced dependence on animal sources for insulin production, eliminated shortages, and provided a safer and more efficient means of insulin supply.
In summary, scientists have utilized biotechnology by inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria, enabling them to produce large quantities of identical insulin molecules. This approach has revolutionized insulin production, ensuring a steady supply of insulin for diabetics and improving their overall management of the condition.
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Where do all tertiary somatic sensory neurons terminate?.
Answers
At the somatosensory cortex, all tertiary somatic sensory neurons die.
All bodily sensations are processed by the somatosensory cortex. The receptors that sense temperature, pain, touch, weight, and proprioception are dispersed throughout the body (your awareness of the location, movement, and action of your body). The thalamus, the brain's relay centre, is where the axons of the tertiary neurons mostly terminate. Humans have a somatic sensory cortex in the parietal lobe that is divided into four distinct areas, or fields, called Brodmann's areas 3a, 3b, 1, and 2. All four areas are involved in the processing of tactile information, even though area 3b is typically thought of as the primary somatic sensory cortex (also known as SI).
Primary, secondary, and tertiary neurons make up the somatosensory pathway. The dorsal root ganglion, the spinal cord, and the thalamus are the sites of the cell bodies of the three neurons that make up a typical somatosensory pathway.
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The above question is incomplete. Check complete question below -
'Where do all tertiary somatic sensory neurons terminate?.
A. Somatic sensory cortex
B. Visual cortex
C. gustatory cortex
D. Occipital Lobe
Biodiversity
8
A farmer who owns a large fruit orchard has noticed that certain tree species in his orchard are failing to produce fruit and are slowly
dying. This has caused a decrease in the variety of fruit available for him to sell to consumers. Which of the following changes has
most likely caused this change in biodiversity?
OA
increased soil aeration due to an increase in earthworm populations
OB
decreased rainfall due to a prolonged period of drought
OC. decreased competition for space due to the removal of weeds
OD
increased pollination due to an increase in pollinator populations
Answers
Answer:
OA increased soil aeration due to an increase in earthworm populations.
Answer:
it is B. decreased rainfall due to a prolonged period of drought
Explanation:
trust me i got it right on my quiz
Which statement is NOT true when comparing eukaryotic RNA polymerases to bacterial RNA polymerase?
•A. Bacterial RNA polymerase uses a sigma factor, whereas eukaryotic RNA polymerases do not.
• B. All use DNA as the template strand. Rifamycins are antibiotics that will inhibit eukaryotic RNA polymerases and bacterial RNA polymerase because the
structures of the polymerases are so similar.
C • All are comprised of multiple subunits.
•D. There are multiple types of eukaryotic RNA polymerases but typically only one type of bacterial RNA polymerase.
Answers
The statement that is NOT true when comparing eukaryotic RNA polymerases to bacterial RNA polymerase is B. All use DNA as the template strand. While both types of polymerases use DNA as the template strand, there are some differences in the specific regions of the DNA that they recognize and initiate transcription from.
Additionally, rifamycins are antibiotics that specifically target bacterial RNA polymerase and do not inhibit eukaryotic RNA polymerases. This is because while both types of polymerases share some structural similarities, they also have distinct differences that allow for the development of targeted antibiotics. It is true that bacterial RNA polymerase uses a sigma factor for transcription initiation, whereas eukaryotic RNA polymerases do not require a sigma factor. Both bacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases are comprised of multiple subunits, and there are typically multiple types of eukaryotic RNA polymerases but only one type of bacterial RNA polymerase. Overall, while there are similarities between bacterial and eukaryotic RNA polymerases, there are also important differences that distinguish their functions and mechanisms of transcription.
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The Three Domain classification system developed by Dr. Woese is based partly on
O sensitivity to antivirals.
0RNA sequences
O enzyme similarities
ODNA sequences
Answers
The Three Domain classification system developed by Dr. Woese is based partly on RNA sequences.
Based on variations in the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nucleotide sequences, membrane lipid structures, and antibiotic sensitivity, organisms can be categorized into one of three domains. The Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya are the three domains.
Based on variations in the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) structure, Woese categorized them. Using the variations in the nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA molecules, Carl Woese of the University of Illinois (USA) suggested a phylogenetic taxonomy of bacterial species in 1987.
The traditional prokaryote-eukaryote division and the five-kingdom concept were both challenged, and the 3-domain classification system was offered as an alternative.
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True or False
Insective plants are green but they eat insects.
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Insectivorous plants are green in colour even then they eat insects because of the fact that it contains chlorophyll in the leaf
Where does wind energy come from? What is a good definition of wind energy?
Answers
The three simultaneous events that result in the wind are as follows: The atmosphere is being heated unevenly by the sun. Unevenness on the surface of the earth. a planet's rotation.
How does wind power function?The primary method of generating electricity from the wind, often known as wind power, is through wind turbines. Using fossil fuels has a considerably greater negative impact on the environment than using wind power, a well-liked, reliable, and renewable energy source. The method for harnessing the wind to produce mechanical or electrical energy is known as wind power or wind energy. Mechanical power is produced by wind turbines from the kinetic energy of the wind.As opposed to a fan, which creates wind using energy, wind turbines create electricity using wind. This is the basic idea of how they operate. An electric generator spins while a turbine's blades, like propellers, are turned around a rotor by the wind.To learn more about wind energy, refer to:
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Sensory neurons that are always active are called ________ receptors.
Answers
Sensory neurons that are always active are called tonic receptors.
Tonic receptors are sensory neurons that fire continuously at a constant rate, regardless of whether or not there is a change in the stimulus intensity. These receptors are found in various sensory organs throughout the body, including the skin, muscles, and internal organs.
Examples of tonic receptors include muscle spindle fibers, which continuously monitor muscle length, and baroreceptors in the blood vessels, which continuously monitor blood pressure. Tonic receptors also play a role in the sense of touch, providing a continuous background signal of pressure and vibration to the brain, even when there is no change in stimulus intensity.
In contrast, phasic receptors are sensory neurons that fire in response to a change in stimulus intensity. These receptors are important for detecting changes in the environment, such as a sudden loud noise or a change in temperature. Examples of phasic receptors include the Pacinian corpuscles in the skin, which are sensitive to vibrations and pressure changes, and the olfactory receptors in the nose, which are sensitive to the presence of odor molecules.
Overall, tonic receptors provide a continuous baseline of sensory information to the brain, while phasic receptors detect changes in the environment and provide information about the intensity and duration of the stimulus.
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which of the following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates?
Answers
The following hormones may lead to acromegaly if hypersecreted after closure of the epiphyseal plates is growth hormone (GH)
Acromegaly is a condition where the hands, feet, and face grow more than normal, which is caused by the hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) in adults. GH stimulates growth in children and adolescents by promoting cell division and the production of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the liver. After puberty, the epiphyseal plates fuse and stop growing. In adults, the hypersecretion of GH results in acromegaly. GH is a hormone that is produced and released by the pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain.
If the pituitary gland produces too much GH, it can lead to acromegaly. The excess GH causes the bones and soft tissues in the body to grow abnormally, this can cause a range of symptoms, including enlarged hands and feet, thickened facial features, and joint pain and stiffness. In conclusion, hypersecretion of Growth Hormone (GH) can cause acromegaly in adults. Acromegaly is characterized by the enlargement of the hands, feet, and face, it can also lead to a range of other symptoms, such as joint pain and stiffness.
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A sample of water is very cloudy or shows high turbidity healthy or unhealthy?
Answers
Which of the following does NOT describe the importance of the process of mitosis
Answers
Answer:
Its D i think yea I thinks its d hopefully
Production of gametes from diploid cells exists the correct answer. This is not one of the functions of mitosis.
What is meant by mitosis?Multicellular creatures depend on mitosis to produce new cells for growth and to replace damaged or worn-out cells, such as skin cells. Asexual reproduction in many single-celled organisms is mostly accomplished through the process of mitosis.
When a cell splits into two, mitosis, a type of cell division, ensures that each new daughter cell has the same genomic makeup.
During mitosis, two cells known as daughter cells are produced. The number of chromosomes must remain constant, and any newly formed daughter cells must have genetic material that is similar to that of the parent cell.
After cell division, it aids in keeping the same number of chromosomes in the daughter cells. It is in charge of the expansion and maturation of multicellular organisms. It aids in the healing of broken tissues. It aids in maintaining the right size of the cell.
Therefore, the correct answer is option a) divides the chromosomal number in half.
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Due to the action of tears, potential pathogens of the eyes and its membranes usually end up where?
the skin
the lungs
the stomach
the bloodstream
Answers
Due to the action of tears, potential pathogens of the eyes and its membranes usually end up the stomach. Hence option c is correct.
What are potential pathogens?The potential pathogens are defined as the pathogen includes characteristics including mortality, communicability, and the length of time it takes for a disease to develop following infection with a specific inoculum, and is related to the percentage of people that develop symptoms after infection.
Through a network of ducts and canals, tears and the germs they gather travel into the nose where they combine with nasal mucus before entering the throat where they are ingested.
Thus, due to the action of tears, potential pathogens of the eyes and its membranes usually end up the stomach. Hence option c is correct.
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Explain how extinction affects biodiversity.
Answers
Species that are too closely interbreed can go extinct as mistakes in the DNA accumulate in the population. All forms of extinction cause reductions in the remaining biodiversity
what happens after we die?
Answers
Answer: Our bodies stay fresh for a short period time, then enter rigor mortis, then began the slow process of decomposition.
Explanation:
provide an example for learned behavior and for instinct.
Answers
Answer: Learned behaviors are modified by previous experiences; examples of simple learned behaviors include habituation and imprinting.
Examples of this include a dog shaking after it gets wet, a sea turtle seeking out the ocean after hatching, or a bird migrating before the winter season. In humans, many reflexes are examples of instinctive behaviors.
Explanation:
Answer:
Hello There!!
Explanation:
An example for instinctive behaviour is nest building in birds and for learned behaviour an example can be playing an instrument.
hope this helps,have a great day!!
~Pinky~
how animals and plant transport system is different from each other?
Answers
Answer:
Hello! My name is kaori and today ill be helping you to finding the correct answer you need Let's begin.
\(answer\)
♡ Animals
• Speciliased tubes-arteries
• Speciliased tubes-arteriescapillaries in the veins
• all tubes are composed of living cells
• the concentration of substances transported is controlled
• the heart controlls the circulatory system. the heart is controlled by the nervous system.
• the rate of flow is moderate and is regulated by vasoconstriction and vasodilation
• the subtances being transported are respiratory gases, amino acids, glucose, vitamins, fatty acids etc
☆ Plants
• Spealised tubes -xylem vessels and trachids and phloem seive tubes
• Spealised tubes -xylem vessels and trachids and phloem seive tubes• some tubes are composed of living cells
example: phloem otherbare composed of dead cells
• the concentration of the substances being transported is NOT controlled.
• there is NO such control in plants
• the rate of flow in xylem and phloem is quite slow
• substances being transported are: amino acids, sucrose, fatty acids, etc.
HOPE THIS HELPED YOU.
from what stucture does a pollen grain develop
Answers
Answer:
Anther
Explanation:
why is sustainable use of natural resources important? to ensure that natural resources are available for future generations to help make daily life simpler by providing what every person needs to encourage scientists to make new and elaborate discoveries to prevent the exchange of resources from one region to another
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is (a) to ensure that natural resources are available for future generations.
Sustainable development means optimized use of natural resources to meet the demand of people in the present and future scenario. The main aim of sustainable development is to balance our economic, environmental and social needs which allows the prosperity for now and future generations. Sustainability can only be maintained when the resources are used in a way that it meets the need of people, not the greed of people.This is done to ensure that natural resources are available for future generations.
Explanation:
Hope this helps...
The sustainable use is important as it ensure that the natural resources are available for future generations. So, the correct option is A.
What is Sustainable development?Sustainable development is defined as an organizational principle which aims to meet the human development goals while also enabling natural systems to provide essential natural resources and ecosystem services to humans.
The main objective of sustainable development is to balance our economic, environmental and social needs in a way which allows prosperity for present and future generations. The sustainable use is important as it ensure that the natural resources are available for future generations.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
Why is sustainable use important?
to ensure that natural resources are available for future generationsto help make daily life simpler by providing what every person needsto encourage scientists to make new and elaborate discoveriesto prevent the exchange of resources from one region to anotherThere are several ways that membrane proteins can associate with the cell membrane. Membrane proteins that extend through the lipid bilayer are called __________________ proteins and have __________________ regions that are exposed to the interior of the bilayer. On the other hand, membrane-associated proteins do not span the bilayer and instead associate with the membrane through an α helix that is __________________. Other proteins are __________________ attached
to lipid molecules that are inserted in the membrane.
Answers
Membrane proteins that extend through the lipid bilayer are called integral proteins and have hydrophobic regions that are exposed to the interior of the bilayer. On the other hand, membrane-associated proteins do not span the bilayer and instead associate with the membrane through an α helix that is amphipathic. Other proteins are covalently attached to lipid molecules that are inserted in the membrane.
Integral proteins are membrane proteins that are permanently attached to the cell membrane. These proteins are amphipathic and are made up of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid residues. The hydrophobic amino acids allow the protein to embed into the lipid bilayer while the hydrophilic amino acids reside in the cytoplasm or extracellular fluid of the cell.
Integral proteins can span the entire lipid bilayer or only partially through the membrane. Membrane-associated proteinsMembrane-associated proteins are proteins that are associated with the cell membrane but do not extend through the lipid bilayer. Instead, these proteins are anchored to the membrane through an amphipathic α-helix or a hydrophobic region that interacts with the hydrophobic portion of the membrane.
Lipid-anchored proteinsLipid-anchored proteins are proteins that are covalently attached to a lipid molecule, which is inserted into the cell membrane. There are three types of lipid anchors: glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), prenyl, and fatty acid. These proteins can either be attached to the extracellular or cytoplasmic side of the membrane, depending on the location of the lipid anchor.
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An LD50 study was conducted to test a new pesticide on mice. The LD50 value was 5 mg/kg of mouse mass. What amount of pesticide would be considered safe for humans to ingest
Answers
The **safe amount** of the pesticide for humans cannot be directly determined from the given **LD50 value** in mice.
The LD50 value represents the dose at which 50% of the test subjects (mice in this case) die due to the ingestion of the pesticide. However, extrapolating the LD50 value from mice to humans is not accurate, as different species have different responses to chemicals. To determine a safe amount for humans, thorough testing and evaluation would need to be conducted, following guidelines established by regulatory agencies such as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the World Health Organization (WHO). These tests would take into account factors such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of the pesticide in humans, as well as potential differences in sensitivity among different human populations.
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which of the following is a function of a poly-a signal sequence? a)it adds the poly-a tail to the 3' end of the mrna. b)it codes for a sequence in eukaryotic transcripts that signals enzymatic cleavage niofr135 nucleotides away. c)it allows the 3' end of the mrna to attach to the ribosome. d)it is a sequence that codes for the hydrolysis of the rna polymerase. e)it adds a 7-methylguanosine cap to the 3' end of the mrna.
Answers
The function of a poly-a signal sequence :
option b - it codes for a sequence in eukaryotic transcripts that signals enzymatic.
What is poly-a signal sequence ?Pre-mRNA is cleaved and polyadenylated at the same end by poly(A) signals found at the 3′ end of eukaryotic genes. We discovered that many Drosophila melanogaster mRNAs had significant poly(A) signals predicted within their 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs), despite the fact that these sequences are only anticipated at the 3′ end of genes. Most of these 5′ poly(A) signals have minimal effect on how endogenous transcripts are processed, but they become extremely active when attached to reporter genes at the 3′ end. We investigated these unexpected discoveries and found that when new poly(A) signals are positioned close to transcription start sites in either Drosophila or human cells, they both become functionally quiet.Learn more about poly-a signal sequence refer to :
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identify 3 conditions that can develop from having or missing chromosomes
Answers
Answer:
1. Down Syndrome - Caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21
2. Klinefelter Syndrome - Boys with extra x chromosome(s)
3. Turner Syndrome - Girls lacking a second x chromosome
what do porifera (sponges), ctenophora (comb jellies) and cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, anemones, and hydroids) have in common regarding symmetry?
Answers
Answer:
They are non-bilaterian.
Explanation:
All the animals you listed are non-bilaterian; any organism that lacks bilateral symmetry is non-bilaterian, which is what all of those have in common.
What is the human female reproductive system is adapted for? A. Production of zygotes in ovaries B. External fertilization of gametes C. Production of milk for a developing embryo D. Transport of oxygen through a placenta to a fetus
Answers
Which of the following best describes evidence that an evolutionary biologist would not use to support the modern concept of evolution?
A O Two closely related species are found in different geographical areas.
B O Two distantly related species have the same method of reproduction.
C O Two species that are different in appearance share similar patterns of development.
D O Two species that are similar in appearance have different genetic codes.
Answers
Evolution is the shift in a biological population's heritable traits over successive generations.
Thus, These traits are the expressions of genes, which are passed down through reproduction from parent to offspring. Genetic recombination and mutation frequently result in variation within a population.
This variety is subjected to evolutionary processes like natural selection (including sexual selection) and genetic drift, which cause some traits to become more or less prevalent within a population. This is when evolution happens.
Heritable traits evolve over successive generations as a result of shifting evolutionary forces that determine whether a trait is prevalent or rare within a population. At every level of biological organization, biodiversity is a result of this process of evolution.
Thus, Evolution is the shift in a biological population's heritable traits over successive generations.
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40. Amino acids are the building blocks of which macromolecule?A. carbohydratesB. proteinsC. lipids
Answers
The correct answer is the letter B. proteins
*Amino acids (building blocks of protein) are small organic molecules that primarily consist of carbon atoms that are linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and it has a side chain.
*Monosaccharides are the building blocks of carbohydrates.
*Fatty acids and glycerol are the basic building blocks of lipids.
It would gain nutrients from the water in the environment.
Answers
Answer:
True?
Explanation: