the process of breaking down glycogen into glucose is called , while the process of synthesizing new glucose from other substrates is called .

The seedlessness of navel oranges means that they must be propagated vegetatively since they contain no seeds. If the seedless feature can be traced back to a single branch of a typical, seed-bearing tree, then the alteration's cause was most likely a: mutation.

Mutation is a genetic variation that occurs when an error in DNA replication creates a new gene. A genetic mutation may arise spontaneously during cell division, and mutations may also result from exposure to radiation, viruses, or chemicals.Mutation may alter the structure or function of proteins, which can cause changes in the properties of a fruit, such as making it seedless, as in the case of navel oranges.

As a result, mutation is the most likely cause of seedlessness in navel oranges.

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Answer: Chlamydomonas is a simple, unicellular chlorophyte with a pear-shaped morphology and two opposing, anterior flagella that guide this protist toward light sensed by its eyespot. More complex chlorophyte species exhibit haploid gametes and spores that resemble Chlamydomonas.

Explanation:

Answer:

- It's size

- It's habitat

- The lack of characteristics that define members of the plant, animal, and fungal kingdoms.

Explanation: Hope this helps! :)) Mark me Brainliest

Answer:

ferm i got it right

give me brainlist please

Explanation:

The local mediator nitric oxide stimulates the intracellular enzyme guanylyl cyclase by diffusing into cells and stimulating the cyclase directly

Proteins called enzymes speed up chemical reactions and serve as biological catalysts. The chemicals that enzymes can interact with are referred to as substrates, and the enzyme changes the substrates into new molecules known as products. In order to occur at rates quick enough to support life, almost all metabolic processes in the cell require enzyme catalysis. Enzymes are necessary to catalyze each step in metabolic processes. Enzymology, the study of enzymes, and pseudoenzyme analysis, the study of enzymes that have lost the ability to perform biological catalysis during evolution, both acknowledge this. This loss is frequently reflected in the amino acid sequences and unusual "pseudocatalytic" properties of these enzymes.

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Carbon dioxide is an important greenhouse gas that helps to trap heat in our atmosphere. Without it, Earth would be cold

Answer:

I'm not sure if this will help but here u go

A sample frame error occurs when a sample is selected from the wrong population data.

Sampling is an analysis performed by selecting a number of observations from a larger population. The method of selection can produce both sampling errors and non-sampling errors.

A sample frame error occurs when a sample is selected from the wrong population data.

Error in data analysis often occurs because the researcher has chosen an inappropriate sample for study a sample that does not correctly reflect the characteristics of the population or phenomenon as a whole. Name at least three different causes of sampling error and state why each of them can produce invalid data.

The process in which the body makes new proteins and breaks down existing proteins is known as protein turnover.

This is a continuous process that occurs in all cells in the body, and is necessary for the maintenance of healthy tissues and organs. Protein turnover involves two main processes: protein synthesis, which is the creation of new proteins from amino acids, and protein degradation, which is the breakdown of existing proteins into their component amino acids. Both of these processes are regulated by a variety of factors, including hormones, nutrients, and environmental cues. Protein turnover is essential for a variety of physiological functions, including muscle growth and repair, immune system function, and cellular metabolism. Answering more than 100 words, it is clear that protein turnover is a vital process in the human body and plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and well-being.

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Heme iron when digested is first removed from its protein then crosses the membrane of the intestine using heme carrier protein 1.

Heme carrier protein 1 (HCP1) is a transmembrane protein that facilitates the transport of heme across the membrane of the intestine. Once heme is transported into the enterocyte, it is broken down by heme oxygenase into iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin. The iron is then transported out of the enterocyte by the ferrous iron transporter ferroportin.

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Answer:

A. nucleus
B. cytoplasm
C.Endoplasmatic reticulum
D.nucleolus
E. cell membrane

Explanation:

Traits to have a trilobite to have be an index fossils- abundant and easily preserved,  widespread, easily identifiable to species.

Index fossils are fossils used to define and identify geologic periods. Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends.

Moreover, index fossil, any animal or plant preserved in the rock record of the Earth that is characteristic of a particular span of geologic time or environment. A useful index fossil must be distinctive or easily recognizable, abundant, and have a wide geographic distribution and a short range through time.

Therefore, index fossils form in the same way other fossils form. The most common method is permineralization. When the body of a plant or animal is covered in a layer of sediment, minerals fill in the spaces left by the hard parts of their bodies or, in the case of plants, the leaves and stems.

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Inhibit neurons with GABA and stimulate neurons with acetylcholine.  

GABA is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS and is opposed by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate.

GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons are the main inhibitory neurons of the central nervous system (CNS), and they play a critical role in a variety of physiological processes including modulation of cortical and hippocampal neural circuitry and activity, cognitive function-related neural oscillations. GABA, is a chemical that is used for the process of communication between neurons, that helps to reduce excitation in the nervous system.

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Formation of ATP does not occur during anaerobic respiration.

Correct option is D.

Anaerobic respiration is a type of metabolic activity that does not require oxygen for energy production. It occurs in some types of yeast and produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate), NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and other byproducts such as ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.

During anaerobic respiration, yeast breaks down glucose molecule into pyruvate and then converts it into acetyl CoA which is used to generate ATP and NADH. However, it does not include the formation of phosphoglyceric acid. Phosphoglyceric acid (PGA) is a glycerol molecule that has three phosphate groups attached to it.

Correct option is D.

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Answer:

I think it would be aloe vera

Explanation:

Answer:

Multiple Particles

Explanation:

Hope this helped, Have a Wonderful Day!!

Answer:

Amino acid sequence and local low energy chemical bond between atom in both the polypeptides back bone and in animo acid side chain's

Explanation:

Protein structure plays key role in its function. If a protein loses it Shape at any structure level , it may no be functional

Single-character hybrids, also known as monohybrids, are the offspring of two true-breeding parents who differ in just one character.

Monohybrids did not exhibit an intermediate trait, but rather resembled one of the two parents. The monohybrids show the trait and the trait is disguised when two true-breeding plants that are different in only one characteristic are crossed. The number of traits being studied in the progeny is the primary distinction between monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. One trait is expected to be inherited in a monohybrid cross. Monohybrid crossings occur when the parents are homozygous for the same trait but differ in another characteristic.

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Answer:

Id-k............. y?

....Explanation:

Considering the mistake in the question, as it is a MCQ but choices are not there, I am answering; The reasons historians give behind the decline of moral therapy?

Historians had found that, the decline of moral therapy was the result of misuse of asylums and overcrowding along with the predominance of the newly researched and developing bio-medical methods.

Moral therapy, is a 18th century moral discipline, to cure the mental disorders. It is said to be derived from both psychology and religion,

and it is generally linked up with the developments of the asylum movements in the western Europe in the 18th-19th century.

This approach of treatment of mental disorders had also invited praises and criticisms, as, it was praise for developing an alternate way as the practices to treat these disorders were very barbaric previously.

The criticism was due to it's oppressing behavior as claimed that, it had oppressed individuals on the basis of their religion, race or ethnicity etc.

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In the Meselson and Stahl experiment, heavy DNA was distinguished from normal DNA by centrifugation using a CsCl density gradient.

The Meselson and Stahl experiment involved labeling the heavy DNA with a heavy isotope of nitrogen, 15N, and the normal DNA with a lighter isotope, 14N. The DNA samples were then placed in a centrifuge tube with a CsCl solution, and subjected to centrifugation.

During centrifugation, the heavy DNA moved toward the bottom of the tube, while the normal DNA moved toward the top. This created a distinct band of heavy DNA at the bottom of the tube, and a distinct band of normal DNA at the top.

By comparing the positions of the two bands, the researchers were able to distinguish between the heavy and normal DNA and determine how DNA replication occurs in cells.

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To understand how vaccines work, it helps to first look at how the body fights illness. When germs, such as bacteria or viruses, invade the body, they attack and multiply. This invasion, called an infection, is what causes disease. The immune system uses your white blood cells to fight infection. These white blood cells consist primarily of macrophages, B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes:

Macrophages are white blood cells that swallow up and digest germs, plus dead or dying cells. The macrophages leave behind parts of the invading germs called antigens. The body identifies antigens as dangerous and stimulates antibodies to attack them.

B-lymphocytes are defensive white blood cells; they can produce antibodies to fight off infection.

T-lymphocytes are another type of defensive white blood cell, that recognizes a familiar germ, if the body is exposed again to the same disease

The first time the body is infected with a certain germ, it can take several days for the immune system to make and use all the tools needed to fight the infection. After the infection, the immune system remembers what it learned about how to protect the body against that disease. If your body encounters the same germ again, the T-lymphocytes recognize the familiar germ and the B-lymphocytes can produce antibodies to fight off infection.

How Vaccines Work

Vaccines can help protect against certain diseases by imitating an infection. This type of imitation infection, helps teach the immune system how to fight off a future infection. Sometimes, after getting a vaccine, the imitation infection can cause minor symptoms, such as fever. Such minor symptoms are normal and should be expected as the body builds immunity.

Once the vaccinated body is left with a supply of T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes that will remember how to fight that disease. However, it typically takes a few weeks for the body to produce T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes after vaccination. Therefore, it is possible that a person infected with a disease just before or just after vaccination could develop symptoms and get that disease, because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection. While vaccines are the safest way to protect a person from a disease, no vaccine is perfect. It is possible to get a disease even when vaccinated, but the person is less likely to become seriously ill.

Types of Vaccines

Scientists take many approaches to developing vaccines. These approaches are based on information about the diseases the vaccine will prevent, such as how germs infect cells, how the immune system responds to it, regions of the world where the vaccine would be used, the strain of a virus or bacteria and environmental conditions. Today there are five main types of vaccines that infants and young children receive in the U.S.:

Live, attenuated vaccines fight viruses and bacteria. These vaccines contain a version of the living virus or bacteria that has been weakened so that it does not cause serious disease in people with healthy immune systems. Because live, attenuated vaccines are the closest thing to a natural infection, they are good teachers for the immune system. Examples of live, attenuated vaccines include measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) and varicella (chickenpox) vaccine. Even though they are very effective, not everyone can receive these vaccines. Children with weakened immune systems—for example, those who are undergoing chemotherapy—cannot get live vaccines.

Non-live vaccines also fight viruses and bacteria. These vaccines are made by inactivating, or killing, the germ during the process of making the vaccine. The inactivated polio vaccine is an example of this type of vaccine. Often, multiple doses are necessary to build up and/or maintain immunity.

Toxoid vaccines prevent diseases caused by bacteria that produce toxins (poisons) in the body. In the process of making these vaccines, the toxins are weakened so they cannot cause illness. Weakened toxins are called toxoids. When the immune system receives a vaccine containing a toxoid, it learns how to fight off the natural toxin. The DTaP vaccine contains diphtheria and tetanus toxoids.

Subunit vaccines include only parts of the virus or bacteria, or subunits, instead of the entire germ. Because these vaccines contain only the essential antigens and not all the other molecules that make up the germ, side effects are less common. The pertussis (whooping cough) component of the DTaP vaccine is an example of a subunit vaccine.

Conjugate vaccines fight a type of bacteria that has antigens. These bacteria have antigens with an outer coating of

The meta-analysis conducted by Zangrillo et al. (2013) explores the complications and mortality associated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

The meta-analysis by Zangrillo et al. (2013) aimed to investigate the complications and mortality rates related to ECMO, a life-support technique used in critically ill patients with severe respiratory or cardiac failure. The study analyzed data from multiple research articles to provide a comprehensive overview.

The meta-analysis revealed several important findings. Firstly, the analysis indicated that ECMO was associated with a substantial mortality rate. The study found that the pooled mortality rate across the included studies was 52.8%, suggesting that ECMO is a high-risk procedure.

Furthermore, the analysis highlighted various complications associated with ECMO. These complications included bleeding, renal failure, infection, neurologic complications, and technical issues with the ECMO system. The findings emphasized the importance of carefully considering the risks and benefits of ECMO before implementing it as a treatment option.

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Melanocortin neurons in the arcuate hypothalamus signal anabolic and catabolic processes. These neurons play a crucial role in regulating energy balance by controlling appetite, metabolism, and body weight.

Anabolic processes refer to the promotion of energy storage and the building of tissues, while catabolic processes involve the breakdown of stored energy and tissues for fuel. Melanocortin neurons in the arcuate hypothalamus release neuropeptides that suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure, thereby promoting catabolism and inhibiting anabolism. This balance helps maintain homeostasis and prevent excessive weight gain or loss.

Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate hypothalamus primarily signal anabolic processes. These neurons are known for their role in stimulating appetite and promoting energy storage. AgRP is a neuropeptide released by these neurons, and it acts to increase food intake and decrease energy expenditure. By signaling anabolic processes, AgRP neurons contribute to weight gain and energy conservation. They are part of a complex neural network involved in regulating feeding behavior and energy balance. Dysfunction of AgRP neurons can lead to disruptions in appetite regulation and metabolic disorders such as obesity.

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Answer:

The most reasonable and realistic ways to represent these bodies of water would be by drawing a picture, creating a map, or building a model.

Explanation:

right

The portfolio with the lowest Sharpe ratio is Portfolio B with an expected return of 2% and a standard deviation of 30%.

A portfolio is a combination of stocks, bonds, and other investment types that may generate profits. The  Sharpe ratio evaluates the return of a portfolio compared to the risk-free rate.

The portfolio with the lowest Sharpe ratio is the one with the highest risk with no significant returns. Now let's look at the given options and identify the one with the lowest Sharpe ratio.

Suppose the risk-free rate is equal to 1%. Which one of the following portfolios has the lowest Sharpe ratio?

Portfolio A

Expected return = 5%

Standard deviation = 20%

Sharpe ratio = (5 - 1) / 20

                    = 0.20

Portfolio B

Expected return = 2%

Standard deviation = 30%

Sharpe ratio = (2 - 1) / 30      

                    = 0.03

Portfolio C

Expected return = 5%

Standard deviation = 30%

Sharpe ratio = (5 - 1) / 30

                    = 0.13

Portfolio D

Expected return = 2%

Standard deviation = 20%

Sharpe ratio = (2 - 1) / 20              

                    = 0.05

Therefore, the portfolio with the lowest Sharpe ratio is Portfolio B with an expected return of 2% and a standard deviation of 30%.

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Answer:

Humans , technology , and environment are always interrelated.

Explanation:

To procure nutrition, water, electricity, medications, construction materials, and several other objects, humans must communicate with the environment. Development of science and technology had already allowed us to take advantage of the eco system, but they have also resulted in massive environmental damage and exploits.

Based on the definition of "serious bodily injury" in the Texas Penal Code, none of the injuries listed (sprained ankle, dislocated toe, bloody nose, and painful shoulder) would necessarily meet the criteria for "serious bodily injury." Here option E is the correct answer.

Under the Texas Penal Code, "serious bodily injury" is defined as an injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes serious permanent disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ. Based on this definition, it is difficult to determine definitively which of the injuries listed would meet the criteria for "serious bodily injury."

A sprained ankle, dislocated toe, and bloody nose are all injuries that, while painful and potentially debilitating, do not necessarily create a substantial risk of death or cause serious permanent disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a bodily member or organ.

However, a painful shoulder could potentially meet the criteria for "serious bodily injury," depending on the severity and extent of the injury. If the shoulder injury caused significant and prolonged loss or impairment of the function of the shoulder joint, it could be considered a serious bodily injury under the Texas Penal Code.

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Complete question:

Of the following injuries, which meets the definition of "serious bodily injury" as defined in the Texas Penal Code?

A - sprained ankle

B - dislocated toe

C - bloody nose

D - painful shoulder

E - none of these

Answer:

I'm pretty sure its Ce plants

Explanation:

tell me if i'm wrong

C4 plants are the organisms which save water by turning carbon dioxide into a special carbon compound before carrying out photosynthesis. Thus, the correct option is B.

A C4 plant is a plant which utilizes the C4 carbon fixation pathway for carbon dioxide fixation. C₄ carbon fixation pathway or the Hatch-slack pathway is one of the three known photosynthetic processes of carbon fixation in higher plants. C4 plants are characterized by the following features such as going through the C4 carbon fixation pathway. This pathway takes place when the carbon dioxide gas is first bound to the phosphoenolpyruvate molecule in the mesophyll cells. Then, the process proceeds to the Calvin Cycle in plants.

C4 plants have a special type of leaf anatomy which is known as Kranz anatomy. These plants can tolerate high temperatures, they show a response to high intensities of light, they also lack a process called photorespiration and have greater productivity of biomass than C3 plants and CAM plants.

Therefore, the correct option is B.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

What organisms save water by turning carbon dioxide into a special carbon compound before carrying out photosynthesis?

A. photosynthetic plants

B. C4 plants

C. CAM plants

D. photosynthetic bacteria​

Answer:Bkecause they pest and destory things

Explanation: