The relation between molarity and normality is expresses as: a) M = N x g.e.w/g.m.w
b) M = N x g.m.w/ g.e.w
c) M = N x no. of equiv./mole
d) M = N x no. of g.m.w/mole

Answer:

Methyl radical

Explanation:

A radical is any specie that contains an odd number of electrons. We must note that the greater the number of alkyl groups which are attached to a carbon atom that bears the odd electrons, the more the degree of delocalization of the odd electrons and consequently the more stable we expect the free radical to be.

Hence the order of free radical stability is; Methyl < Primary < Secondary < Tertiary. Hence, we can easily see that the methyl radical is the least stable free radical.

Answer: Methyl radical

Explanation:

The reaction order and specific reaction rate constant can be determined by performing the kinetics experiment on irreversible polymerization A. Kinetic experiments can be used to investigate the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics is the study of chemical reactions' speed and pathway.

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The equilibrium expression can be written as follows:

K = [CaCO₃] × [H₂]⁴

------------------

[CaO] × [CH₄] × [H₂O]²

In this equilibrium expression, the square brackets represent the concentrations of the species involved in the reaction, and the coefficients of the balanced equation indicate the stoichiometric coefficients of the corresponding species.

The concentration of a pure solid (CaCO₃ in this case) is not included in the equilibrium expression, as it remains constant throughout the reaction.

The equilibrium constant (K) represents the ratio of the product concentrations to the reactant concentrations at equilibrium, each raised to the power of their respective stoichiometric coefficients. The specific values of these concentrations depend on the initial conditions, and K remains constant as long as the temperature is unchanged.

It is important to note that the equilibrium constant expression is written based on the balanced chemical equation. The stoichiometric coefficients determine the relationship between the concentrations of reactants and products, allowing us to express the equilibrium state quantitatively using the equilibrium expression.

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The amount of heat deposited on the skin is 2.26 kJ.

The amount of heat given off by steam is determined using the formula below:

Quantity of heat = mass * latent heat of vaporization.

Moles of steam = 1.0/18

Heat = 1.0/18 * 40.7

Heat deposited = 2.26 kJ

In conclusion, the quantity of heat is determined from the latent heat of vaporization and the moles of steam.

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The equation  in the question is: H+H → H + H Complete the equation by filling in the missing parts. missing part is  1 → H+H-2 → →3 → He.

The atomic number of hydrogen is 1, which means it has only one proton in the nucleus and one electron in its shell. Two hydrogen atoms react with each other to form helium. Helium has 2 protons and 2 neutrons in its nucleus and two electrons in its shell. Therefore, the equation is:

H + H → HeIt can be seen that:1. H + H (Reactants)

2. → (Yields or Reacts to form)

3. He (Product)Therefore, the tiles will be arranged as shown below: 1 → H+H-2 → →3 → He

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1) List the known quantities

Initial conditions

Concentration 1: 1.6 M

Volume 1: 175 mL

Final conditions

Volume 2: 1 L

Concentration 2: unknown

2) Set the equation

3) Convert units

Volume

1 L = 1000 mL

4) Plug in the known quantities and solve for C2

The new concentration is 0.28 M.

.

The balanced chemical equation of combustion of methanol is  2 CH₃OH  + 3 O₂\(\rightarrow\) 2 CO₂ + 4 H₂O

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

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Explanation:

from

de Broglie wavelength= h/ mv

substitute the values

joules= mass(kg) × acceleration (m/s^2) × distance(m)= kgm^2/s^2.

sorry I don't have my calc with me

According to De Broglie's Hypothesis, matter has both particle and wave properties. The wavelength of De Broglie is given as λ = h p,

wavelength (in m) of a proton =  11.09 x\(10^ {-55\) m.

λ= h m v.

= 6.63 x \(10^{-34}\) x  1.673 x \(10^{-24\)x 1000

= 11.09 x\(10^ {-55\) m

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There are two characteristics of molecules, one is geometry and other is shape. Shape is excluding lone pair surrounding the central element and geometry is including the lone pair. Therefore, the angle of the given molecule can be found out by VSEPR theory.

VSEPR stands for valence shell electron pair repulsions. VSEPR theory is used to predict the shape and geometry of molecules on the basis of valence electrons pairs that are present around the central element of the molecule.

According to VSEPR theory, Lone pair lone pair repulsion is greater than bond pair bond pair repulsion. There are so many limitations of VSEPR theory. There is a repulsion between bond pair electrons and lone pairs present on the central element.

a) bond angle is 180°

b)bond angle is 120°

c)bond angle is 107.28'

d)bond angle is 109.28'

Therefore, the angle of the given molecule can be found out by VSEPR theory.

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Answer:

Following are the solution to this question:

Explanation:

Following are the lewis structure of the \(NH_2^{-}\):

In the given element two H and one N are used, in which N has 5 valance electrons, and one H has 1 valence which is equal to 2 electrons valance. So, the graph for the given element is defined in the attached file.

The Lewis structure for the amide anion can be shown as in the given figure.

Lewis structures, also known as Lewis dot formulas, are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, as well as the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.

In the given element two H and one N are used, in which N has 5 valance electrons, and one H has 1 valence which is equal to 2 electrons valance. The Lewis structure for the amide anion can be shown

Hence, this is the required answer.

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Answer:

Evaporation is the process by which water changes from a liquid to a gas or vapor. Evaporation is the primary pathway that water moves from the liquid state back into the water cycle as atmospheric water vapor.

Answer:

The process of turning from liquid into vapour is evaporation.

Hope it helps!!!

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Reaction rates is a field under chemical kinetics that deals with the measure of speed of a chemical reaction. It is the change in the concentration of a reactant or product per unit time.

Activation Energy is a theory been  put forward to explain why different chemical reactions proceed at different rates.

Activation Energy theory postulates that for a reactant to transform into a product , the colliding particles or molecules of the reactant must possess a certain amount of energy so as to overcome the reaction barrier.

An important factor which may influence the attainment of activation energy by colliding particles of reactants is the temperature at which the reaction is carried out. The higher the temperature, the  greater is the fraction of the reactant particles which possess the activation energy and thus the faster the reaction becomes. SO , in essence increasing the temperature of a reaction system do not decreases the activation energy of the reaction but rather also increases  the activation energy of the reaction.

Answer & Explanation:

To determine the mass of oxygen in a 4.5 g sample of the compound, we can follow these steps:

   Find the mass percentage of oxygen in the compound.

   Calculate the mass of oxygen in the 4.5 g sample using the mass percentage.

According to the provided information, the mass percentage of oxygen is 61.5%.

Now, let's calculate the mass of oxygen in the 4.5 g sample:

       Math

   "Mass of oxygen in 4.5 g sample = (Mass percentage of oxygen / 100) × Total mass of the sample"

Plugging in the values:

       Math

   "Mass of oxygen in 4.5 g sample = (61.5 / 100) × 4.5 g"

Now, calculate the result:

       Math

   "Mass of oxygen in 4.5 g sample = 0.615 × 4.5 g = 2.7675 g"

Thus, the mass of oxygen in a 4.5 g sample of the compound is approximately 2.7675 g.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

A combustion reaction is when a substance reacts with oxygen and releases a huge amount of energy in the form of light and heat. A combustion reaction always has oxygen as one reactant.

The mobility of atoms and molecules is increased when energy is added (heating), raising the temperature. By removing energy (cooling), atoms and molecules slow down and the temperature drops as a result.

A molecular orbital is a one electron wave function, which is what is meant by the term "molecular level." The molecular levels and orbitals are related (HOMO, LUMO etc).

Methods based on molecular mechanics are frequently used to calculate the precise structures and energy of molecules.

The technique makes use of the core ideas of vibrational spectroscopy and the notion that bonds have natural lengths and angles, and that molecules will select geometries that can best achieve these natural values.

Thus, All the electrons in the molecule combine to form the wave function known as molecular states.

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The piece of evidence that best identifies the type of reaction as nuclear or chemical is: Chemical, because a new substance is formed. Option 4

In this scenario, the observation that a new substance is formed is a key characteristic of a chemical reaction. Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms to form different substances with distinct properties. The formation of a new substance indicates a chemical change has occurred.

The other pieces of evidence listed do not necessarily point to a nuclear reaction:

Chemical, because energy is released during the reaction: Energy can be released in both nuclear and chemical reactions, so this observation alone is not sufficient to determine the type of reaction.

Nuclear, because energy is released during the reaction: While energy can be released in nuclear reactions, it is not exclusive to them. Chemical reactions can also release energy, such as in exothermic reactions.

Nuclear, because the mass decreased after the reaction: This observation suggests a change in mass, which could be indicative of a nuclear reaction. However, it is important to consider that chemical reactions can also involve changes in mass, such as the formation of gases or dissolution of a solid.

Overall, the most conclusive evidence to identify the type of reaction is the formation of a new substance, which aligns with a chemical reaction.

Option 4

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Answer:

D, F

Explanation:

Density = mass /volume

∴Mass = Density * Volume ........( given that Volume = 225ml and density of 0.890 g/mL)

Mass = 0.890g/ml * 225ml

= 200.25g

Considering the Hess's Law, the enthalpy change for the reaction is 221.8 kJ/mol.

Hess's Law indicates that the enthalpy change in a chemical reaction will be the same whether it occurs in a single stage or in several stages. That is, the sum of the ∆H of each stage of the reaction will give us a value equal to the ∆H of the reaction when it occurs in a single stage.

In this case you want to calculate the enthalpy change of:

C₂H₄ (g) + 6 F₂ (g) → 2 CF₄ (g) + 4 HF (g)

which occurs in three stages.

You know the following reactions, with their corresponding enthalpies:

Equation 1: H₂ (g) + F₂ (g) → 2 HF (g)     ∆H° = -79.2 kJ/mol

Equation 2: C (s) + 2 F₂ (g) → CF₄ (g)     ∆H° = 141.3 kJ/mol

Equation 3: 2 C(s) + 2 H₂ (g) → C₂H₄ (g)     ∆H° = -97.6 kJ/mol

Because of the way formation reactions are defined, any chemical reaction can be written as a combination of formation reactions, some going forward and some going back.

First, to obtain the enthalpy of the desired chemical reaction you need one mole of C₂H₄ (g) on reactant side and it is present in first equation. Since this equation has one mole of C₂H₄ (g) on the product side, it is necessary to locate it on the reactant side (invert it).

When an equation is inverted, the sign of ΔH° also changes.

Now, you need 2 moles of CF₄ (g) on the product side. The second equation has 1 mole of CF₄ (g) on the product side, so it is necessary to multiply it by 2 to obtain 2 moles of CF₄ (g).

Since enthalpy is an extensive property, that is, it depends on the amount of matter present, since the equation is multiply by 2, the variation of enthalpy also.

Finally, you need 4 moles of  HF (g) on the product side. The first equation has 2 moles of  HF (g) on the product side, so it is necessary to multiply it by 2 to obtain 4 moles of the compound.

Since the equation is multiply by 2, the variation of enthalpy also is multiplied by 2.

In summary, you know that three equations with their corresponding enthalpies are:

Equation 1: 2 H₂ (g) + 2 F₂ (g) → 4 HF (g)     ∆H° = -158.4 kJ/mol

Equation 2: 2 C (s) + 4 F₂ (g) → 2 CF₄ (g)     ∆H° = 282.6 kJ/mol

Equation 3: C₂H₄ (g) → 2 C(s) + 2 H₂ (g)     ∆H° = 97.6 kJ/mol

Adding or canceling the reactants and products as appropriate, and adding the enthalpies algebraically, you obtain:

C₂H₄ (g) + 6 F₂ (g) → 2 CF₄ (g) + 4 HF (g)     ΔH°= 221.8 kJ/mol

Finally, the enthalpy change for the reaction is 221.8 kJ/mol.

Learn more about molar enthalpy:

Answer:

b

Explanation:

The percent composition of CuBr₂ is approximately 28.46% of Cu and 71.54% of Br.

To determine the percent composition of CuBr₂ (copper(II) bromide), we need to calculate the mass of each element in the compound and then divide it by the molar mass of the entire compound.

The molar mass of CuBr₂ can be calculated by adding up the atomic masses of copper (Cu) and bromine (Br) in the compound. The atomic masses of Cu and Br are approximately 63.55 g/mol and 79.90 g/mol, respectively.

Molar mass of CuBr₂ = (63.55 g/mol) + 2(79.90 g/mol) = 223.35 g/mol

Now, let's calculate the percent composition of each element in CuBr₂:

Percent composition of copper (Cu):

Mass of Cu = (63.55 g/mol) / 223.35 g/mol × 100% ≈ 28.46%

Percent composition of bromine (Br):

Mass of Br = 2(79.90 g/mol) / 223.35 g/mol × 100% ≈ 71.54%

Therefore, the percent composition of CuBr₂ is approximately:

- Copper (Cu): 28.46%

- Bromine (Br): 71.54%

These values represent the relative mass percentages of copper and bromine in the compound CuBr₂.

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An unnamed acid has the pKa value of 4.76. The ratio of the concentration of its protonated to deprotonated forms in a pH environment of 6.8 is 1 : 100.

The Henderson - Hasselbalch equation expression is as follows :

pH = pka + log ( [A⁻] / [HA])

Where

The pH value = 6.8

The pka value = 4.76

By solving the values we get :

6.8 = 4.76 + log ( [A⁻] / [HA])

6.8 - 4.76 = log ( [A⁻] / [HA])

log ( [A⁻] / [HA]) = 2

( [A⁻] / [HA]) = 10²

( [A⁻] / [HA]) = 10

The ratio of the protonated to deprotonated is as :

( [HA] /  [A⁻] ) = 1 : 100

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Answer: silicon Si, Germanium GE

Explanation:

Answer:

If iron, Fe, and oxygen, O2, are in contact at high enough temperatures (and with plenty of oxygen around), the grey or reddish compound that forms is called iron(III) oxide with the formula Fe2O3

Explanation:

Iron rusts. We all know that. But the chemical reactions behind rust are surprisingly complicated! We will return to them at the end of the course when we discuss corrosion (see section 11.6 in the text). Here, we focus simply on the main compounds formed between iron and oxygen. That there is more than one may surprise you. That there are not an infinite number of them (and in fact, there almost is, as well shall see!) is an example of the law of definite proportion, an idea so central to chemistry it is almost taken for granted today.

The balanced oxidation-reduction equation for the destruction of cyanate ion waste solution from gold-mining operations by treatment with hypochlorite ion in basic solution is:

OCN⁻(aq) + OCl⁻(aq) + 2OH⁻(aq) → CO₂⁻(aq) + N₂(g) + Cl⁻(aq) + H₂O(l)

In this reaction, the cyanate ion (OCN⁻) is oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO₂⁻) and nitrogen gas (N₂), while the hypochlorite ion (OCl⁻) is reduced to chloride ion (Cl⁻). The reaction takes place in basic solution, which provides the hydroxide ions (OH⁻) needed to neutralize the acidic H⁺ ions produced during the oxidation of the cyanate ion.

The reaction is exothermic, releasing heat energy as the products form. This reaction is an effective way to dispose of the cyanate ion waste generated by gold-mining operations, as it converts the hazardous waste into harmless gases and ions.

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Answer:

b. The sharply peaked roof of the building is outlined against a sea of other rooftops stretching way into the distance.

Explanation:

A metaphor may be defined as that figure of speech which is used to describe the action or an object in such a way that it is not literally true. A metaphor is only used to make a comparison or explain the idea.

In the context, the metaphor is the sea. In the sentence the boundary of the peaked roof of the building is being stretched with the others rooftops which has been compared to the sea of rooftop as there are a large number of  rooftops that are stretching in the way.

Answer:

089

Explanation:

I have no idea

Based on the data from the calorimetry experiment, the enthalpy change, ΔH of the reaction is -286 KJ .

The enthalpy change, ΔH of a reaction is the amount of heat evolved or absorbed when reactant molecules react to form products.

From the calorimetry experiment, the determined heat of combustion of 1.01 g of H2(g) reacting with excess O2(g), qsoln = 143 kJ.

Heat is evolved in the reaction, therefore the qsoln = -143 kJ

Equation of reaction is given as:

H2(g) + ½ O2(g) → H2O (l)

Molar mass of H = 1.01 g

Mass of H2 = 1.01 g × 2 = 2.02 g

ΔH of the reaction = -143 kJ × 2.02/1.01

ΔH of the reaction = -286 KJ

Therefore, the enthalpy change, ΔH of the reaction is -286 KJ .

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Explanation:

A chemical property is one in which atoms are rearranged in the process.

-----------------

Q) In this case, this is a chemical property because hydrogen starts being consumed when the flask is heated and hydrogen combines with the solid too.

Chemical

-----------------

M) This is a physical property because nothing happens to the atoms of the different substances in the sample. The metallic particles from the sample are removed with the magnet.

Physical

----------------

C) This is chemical property because a reaction is carried out inside.

Oxygen reacts with X

Chemical

Schrodinger's Quantum Mechanical Model, which is currently recognised by modern science, is the electron model. The electron cloud model is another name for this one.

The term "electron cloud" refers to the current atomic structure model. A physicist from Austria named Edwin Schrodinger argued that electrons do not follow static or permanent trajectories.

The contemporary atomic model, often known as the cloud model, depicts atoms as having a nucleus made up of protons and neutrons and a diffuse gradient or cloud surrounding it that is made up of electrons. Because electron activity is probabilistic, electrons are often depicted as clouds.

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