the unique anatomical features of robust australopithecines suggest they were __________.
Answers
The unique anatomical features of robust australopithecines suggest they were adapted to a diet of tough, fibrous plant material. These features include their heavily built jaws and teeth, which were able to withstand the high forces needed to grind down tough plant material.
Additionally, their flared cheekbones and sagittal crest provided an additional surface area for the attachment of powerful chewing muscles.
It is believed that the robust australopithecines lived during a time when there was a shift towards more open habitats and a decrease in the availability of fruit.
In order to survive in this changing environment, they likely relied on a diet of tough, fibrous plants, which required a significant amount of chewing and grinding. Their unique adaptations allowed them to efficiently process these tough plant materials and thrive in their environment.
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Related Questions
please be quick
don’t guess
Answers
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Which three of the following choices are examples of commons ?
O A. Clean air
B. Personal computers
C. The night sky
DD. A neighbor's swimming pool
E. State parks
Answers
Answer:
A, C, and E
Explanation:
A P E X
Commons are the term used to refer to scarce resources such as air, water, and sky that with tangible benefits can be used by all but cannot be claimed by anyone.
Examples of commons are clean air, night sky, and state parks.
The examples of common include:
Sky, State Parks, and Clean Air are examples of commons. These are the resources available to the populace and cannot be owned by any organization or agencies, or any individual. Personal computers and a neighbor's swimming pool are not examples of commons as the computers are owned by an individual or an organization, whereas the neighbor's pool is also a private property that cannot be accessed by others.
Thus, the correct answers are clean air, night sky, and state parks.
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What is a play’s conflict?
A.the struggle between two forces in the play
B.the people and animals in the play
C.the time and place where the story happens
D.events that make up the story in the play
Answers
The fight between two opposing forces within a play is referred to as the conflict. The conflict in a play is best described by Option A. The plot and character development are driven by conflict, which is a key component of dramatic storytelling.
Conflicting aims, aspirations, or ideas amongst various individuals, groups, or even inside oneself are a part of it. Internal conflicts within a character's thoughts or exterior conflicts between persons or organisations are just two examples of how the conflict could appear. These conflicts heighten the stakes, build suspense, and advance the plot, resulting in dramatic turns of events and endings that reshape the play's general plot.
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A multivalent nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against all known influenza virus subtypes is______
Answers
In comparison to pandemic influenza virus strains, seasonal influenza vaccinations are not very effective. Since the influenza virus subtype that will cause the next pandemic is unknown, developing effective pre-pandemic vaccinations is challenging.
In the current study, we created a messenger RNA (mRNA)-lipid nanoparticle vaccine that encodes hemagglutinin antigens from each of the 20 known influenza A virus subtypes and influenza B virus lineages. Mice and ferrets that responded to all 20 encoded antigens were immunised with this multivalent vaccine, which resulted in significant levels of cross-reactive and subtype-specific antibodies. After being exposed to both matched and mismatched virus strains, vaccination shielded mice and ferrets, and this shielding was at least largely dependent on antibodies. Our research suggests that by simultaneously generating antibodies against several different antigens, mRNA vaccines can defend against viruses with varied antigens.
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A small round object that orbits the sun
Answers
Answer:
a Asteroid or you can name it a DwarfPlanet, DwarfPlanets are Planets that Orbit Round the Sun.
Extra information:
Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun. Although asteroids orbit the Sun like planets, they are much smaller than planets. Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the sun. Although asteroids orbit the sun like planets, they are much smaller than planets.
More information:
Dwarf Planets A dwarf planet is a spherical object that orbits the Sun and is not a moon of another planet. Unlike a planet, a dwarf planet does not have more mass than all the objects in nearby orbits.
ANSWER : if it directly orbits the sun itself, it's an asteroid or it could be planets because planets also orbit the sun as well
what adaptations might have evolved in the fruit or seeds of plants for seed dispersal using abiotic vectors such as wind
Answers
Plants that rely on wind for seed dispersal have evolved a number of adaptations to ensure their seeds are carried as far away from the parent plant as possible.
These adaptations include lightweight seeds, such as those with feathery or fluffy structures that catch the wind and act like parachutes to carry the seeds away. Some seeds have wings that allow them to glide through the air like tiny airplanes. Other plants have capsules that burst open when the seeds are mature, releasing the seeds into the wind.
Some plants have structures that twist and turn in the wind, flinging the seeds away from the parent plant. These adaptations allow plants to colonize new areas and increase genetic diversity, which is important for their survival.
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q3. placing blood cells into a solution that is hypertonic to the cells will cause the osmotic pressure of the cells to:
Answers
Osmotic pressure of the solution outside the blood cells is higher than the osmotic pressure inside the red blood cells.
Osmosis is Movement of solvent from high concentration to low concentration through a semipermeable membrane. Tonicity is the concentration of solution of 3 types a)Hypertonic - Concentration is more outside the cell b)Hypotonic-Concentration is less outside the cell c)Isotonic-same concentration inside and outside. Osmotic Pressure is physical force to draw water to one side membrane here water will move out of the cell.In Hypertonic solution the solute concentration is more outside the cell than inside the cell so water will move out of cell by Exostosis and cause shrinking of cell.
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Which type of biological agent needs a host to replicate and spread, is costly and difficult to grow in large quantities for terrorism purposes, and does not respond to antibiotic treatment?
Answers
Answer:
Viruses are organisms which require living cells in which to
replicate. They are therefore intimately dependent upon the cells of the host
which they infect.
The scientific method ensures that results are bias-free
true
false
Answers
Regulation of gene expression is best exemplified by A) Metabolic channeling B) Inducible operon C) Feedback inhibition D) Allostearic inhibition
Answers
Regulation of gene expression is best exemplified by B) Inducible operon, which allows the control of gene expression in response to specific environmental conditions or signals.
Inducible operons are genetic regulatory systems found in bacteria and other organisms that allow the control of gene expression in response to environmental cues. These operons consist of a regulatory gene, promoter region, operator region, and the genes encoding proteins involved in a particular metabolic pathway.
The key feature of an inducible operon is its ability to be turned on or induced when specific molecules, called inducers, are present in the environment. Inducers bind to the repressor protein, preventing it from binding to the operator region and allowing RNA polymerase to transcribe the genes. This results in the production of enzymes or proteins needed for a particular metabolic pathway.
The regulation of gene expression through inducible operons allows organisms to adapt to changing environmental conditions. For example, the lac operon in bacteria is inducible and is responsible for the breakdown of lactose. When lactose is present, it acts as an inducer, activating the expression of genes required for lactose metabolism.
In summary, the best exemplification of gene expression regulation is through inducible operons, as they allow genes to be turned on or off in response to specific environmental signals, ensuring efficient metabolic responses to changing conditions.
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Which incisional approach is used for access to the lower ureter and may be used for donor kidney implantation?
Answers
The Pelvic Gibson incisional approach is used for access to the lower ureter and may be used for donor kidney implantation.
Curvilinear incision made in descending quadrant of the gut comprehended as the "pelvic Gibson incision", affords somewhat atraumatic and suitable pass to the iliac fossa and bladder and thus is principally utilized for renal transplantation.
This incision supplies a forthright field for the lower ureter and bladder and is perfect if excision of the lower ureter and bladder cuff is needed. The Modified Gibson incision is a transverse incision above the pubis, often employed in gynecological and urological surgeries. This incision may be performed on either side of the midline, but often on the left.
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explain how the structure of a chloroplast (its membranes and thylakoids) makes its function (the chemical reactions of photosynthesis) more efficient.
Answers
Answer:
These internal membranes stack on top of each other, just like a stack of pancakes.
The structure of a chloroplast, specifically its membranes and thylakoids, makes its function, the chemical reactions of photosynthesis, more efficient because it provides a large surface area for the reactions to occur on and a way to organize the reactions in a sequence that allows the products of one reaction to be used immediately in the next reaction.
The membranes of a chloroplast are made up of two layers of phospholipid molecules, which form a lipid bilayer. This structure provides a large surface area for the chemical reactions of photosynthesis to occur on. The thylakoids, which are stacks of membrane-bound compartments, increase the surface area even further.
In addition, the structure of the thylakoids allows the reactions of photosynthesis to be organized in a sequence that allows the products of one reaction to be used immediately in the next reaction. The thylakoids are arranged in stacks called grana, which are interconnected by strands of thylakoid membrane called stroma lamellae. The thylakoid membranes within a granum are organized into discrete units called photosystems, which are the sites of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The thylakoid membranes within the stroma lamellae are the site of the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis. This organization allows the products of the light-dependent reactions, which are carried out in the thylakoid membranes of the grana, to be used immediately in the light-independent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membranes of the stroma lamellae.
Overall, the structure of a chloroplast, with its membranes and thylakoids, provides a large surface area for the reactions of photosynthesis to occur on and a way to organize the reactions in a sequence that allows the products of one reaction to be used immediately in the next reaction. This makes the function of the chloroplast, photosynthesis, more efficient.
Which type of molecular model is represented in this image?
O=C=0
A. dot diagram
B. space-filling model
C. structural formula
D. ball-and-stick model
Answers
Answer:
C. structural formula
Explanation:
thats the structural formula for carbon dioxide C2O
Why do longitude lines converge while latitude lines don’t?
Answers
Answer:
because
Explanation:
how do autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy differ? view available hint(s)for part a how do autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy differ? the chromosomes of an autopolyploid individual come from the same species, while an allopolyploid individual has sets of chromosomes from different species. autopolyploidy is sympatric, while allopolyploidy is allopatric. only autopolyploidy involves an increase in chromosome sets. autopolyploidy is a mechanism of speciation in plants, while allopolyploidy is a mechanism of speciation in animals.
Answers
An allopolyploid individual has sets of chromosomes from various species, while an autopolyploid individual has sets of chromosomes from the same species.
While allopolyploidy is allopatric, autopolyploidy is sympatric. One more set of chromosomes is only present in autopolyploidy. Allopolyploidy is an animal speciation mechanism, whereas autopolyploidy is an animal speciation mechanism in plants. When a person possesses more than two sets of chromosomes, all descended from the same ancestral species, this is referred to as autopolyploidy. Polyploids called allopolyploidy come from several species. Four identical copies of the same chromosomal group make up an autotetraploid plant. An allotetraploid or amphidiploid plant, on the other hand, has two sets of diploid chromosomes that come from different species. The genetic ramifications of this discrepancy are significant.
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2. In unicorns, having a
white horn (W) is dominant
to having a brown horn (w).
Two heterozygous unicorns
are crossed.
What is the probability that
the offspring will have a
white horn?
Please help!!!
Answers
Answer:
75%
Explanation:
Heterozygous means that there is two different alleles, one being dominant, while the other is a recessive trait (Ww).
As stated in the question, it is noted that the dominant allele is denoted as a capital W, while a recessive allele is denoted as a lowercase w.
Two heterozygous unicorns are crossed. Create a Punnett Square. The probability for the offspring would be found within the Punnett Square.
\(\left[\begin{array}{ccc}&W&w\\W&WW&Ww\\w&Ww&ww\end{array}\right]\)
Remember, having the dominant trait (W) would result in the offspring obtaining a white horn. In this case, 3 of the 4 offspring has at least one dominant allele (W), or a 75% probability.
75% is the probability that the offspring will have a white horn.
~
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regulatory elements that function to increase transcription levels in eukaryotes are called
a. promoters
b.promoters c. enhancers d. transcriptional start sites e.activators
Answers
Regulatory elements that function to increase transcription levels in eukaryotes are called enhancers.
Enhancers are DNA sequences that can be located far from the gene they regulate and can still influence the transcription of the gene. They work by binding to transcription factors, which are proteins that bind to DNA and either activate or repress gene transcription.
Activators are proteins that bind to enhancers and stimulate transcription by recruiting RNA polymerase, the enzyme that synthesizes RNA. Promoters, on the other hand, are DNA sequences that are located near the transcriptional start site and provide the binding site for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.
In summary, while promoters are important for initiating transcription, enhancers play a crucial role in regulating the amount of transcription that occurs. They can act over long distances and in a cell-type-specific manner to fine-tune gene expression.
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Trypsin and chymotrypsin are members of the family of serine protease enzymes. They cleave peptide bonds at the C-terminal end of specific amino acid residues. Chymotrypsin recognizes aromatic residues such as phenylalanine, while trypsin recognizes lysine and arginine. The recognition of a particular side chain (side chain specificity) is fully determined by the structure and properties of the binding pocket. In the case of chymotrypsin the binding pocket is hydrophobic and is wide enough to accommodate an aromatic ring. Given what you know about the properties of Lys/Arg side chains, what can you say about the size/shape and possible interactions that would provide the substrate specificity in the case of trypsin? What amino acid residues would you expect to find in the active site of trypsin?
Answers
Trypsin and chymotrypsin are both serine protease enzymes that cleave peptide bonds at the C-terminal end of specific amino acid residues. They have different substrate specificities due to the structure and properties of their binding pockets. Substrate specificity of trypsin is determined by the size, shape, and charge of the binding pocket, as well as the presence of specific amino acid residues that can interact with the lysine and arginine side chains.
In the case of trypsin, the binding pocket is designed to recognize and interact with the positively charged side chains of lysine and arginine. This means that the binding pocket must have a complementary shape and size to accommodate these side chains, as well as a negative charge to interact with the positive charge on the lysine and arginine side chains.
Therefore, we would expect to find amino acid residues with negatively charged side chains, such as aspartate or glutamate, in the active site of trypsin. These residues would be able to form ionic bonds with the positively charged lysine and arginine side chains, providing the substrate specificity for trypsin.
In addition, the size and shape of the binding pocket would also be important for substrate specificity. The binding pocket would need to be large enough to accommodate the relatively large side chains of lysine and arginine, but not too large to allow for other amino acid residues to fit in and be cleaved.
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This flower has petals in
groups of three. What type of
plant is it?
A. Monocot
B. Dicot
C. Tricot
D. Tetracot
Answers
Hope this helps(:
Monocots have flower parts in threes or multiples of threes as shown in the flowers to the left.
Why would immune cells be an important part of tissue repair? Why might it be particularly harmful to have scar tissue in the heart? A strange experiment can help to show the differences between scar tissue and normal skin tissue. If you were to throw flour on the man in the photo, the flour would stick to the man's chest everywhere but on his scar. Give a possible explanation for this.
Answers
Immune cells, such as white blood cells, play an important role in tissue repair by identifying and removing damaged or infected cells, promoting the growth and differentiation of new cells, and releasing molecules known as growth factors that stimulate the production of new blood vessels.
2. Scar tissue in the heart can be particularly harmful because it can interfere with the normal functioning of the heart. Scar tissue forms in response to injury or damage to the heart muscle, and it can disrupt the normal electrical and mechanical function of the heart. This can lead to arrhythmias, or irregular heartbeats, and can also make the heart muscle less flexible and less able to pump blood effectively.
3. The difference in the way flour sticks to the man's chest in the photo may be due to the fact that scar tissue is composed of different types of collagen than normal skin tissue. Collagen is a protein that gives skin its structure and strength. In scar tissue, the collagen fibers are arranged in a different pattern than in normal skin, which can affect the way that other substances, such as flour, interact with the tissue.
What are the immune cells?Immune cells, also known as white blood cells, are a crucial part of the body's immune system. They play a vital role in defending the body against foreign invaders such as bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens.
They also play an important role in tissue repair by identifying and removing damaged or infected cells, promoting the growth and differentiation of new cells, and releasing molecules known as growth factors that stimulate the production of new blood vessels.
There are several different types of immune cells, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils. Each type of immune cell has a specific function and plays a unique role in the immune response. For example, neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are responsible for engulfing and destroying pathogens.
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What do your glands do when it’s time to send out a hormone? What is the term?
Answers
Answer:
What Does the Endocrine System Do? Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. This lets the hormones travel to cells in other parts of the body. The endocrine hormones help control mood, growth and development, the way our organs work, metabolism , and reproduction.
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP ASAP! Listed in the Item Bank are key terms and expressions, each of which is associated with one of the columns. Some terms may display additional information when you click on them. Drag and drop each item into the correct column. Order does not matter.
ITEM BANK: Move to Bottom
Used as main source of energy for a cell
Can provide insulation
Carries genetic information
Help speed up cellular reactions
Some are stringy and fibrous and provide support (i.e., collagen and keratin)
Answers
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic Acid
Answers
Answer:
Carbohydrate- used as main source of energy for a cell.
Lipid- can provide insulation.
Protein- some are stringy and fibrous and provide support (I.e., collagen and keratin).
Protein- help speed up cellular reactions.
Nucleic Acid- carries genetic information
Answer:
what is it
Explanation:
what statement does not pertain to the cephalic phase of gastric secretion? select the best answer. view available hint(s)for part a what statement does not pertain to the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?select the best answer. mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells, and g cells receive signals through the submucosal plexus. it is triggered by sensory input, such as sight, as well as mental input, such as thinking about food. it controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. it usually lasts only a few minutes.
Answers
The statement that does not pertain to the cephalic phase of gastric secretion is: "It controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine."
The cephalic phase of gastric secretion primarily involves preparatory processes that occur before food enters the stomach. It is initiated by sensory and mental input, such as sight, smell, taste, and thoughts about food. During this phase, signals are transmitted to various cells in the stomach, including mucous cells, chief cells, parietal cells, and G cells, through the submucosal plexus. These signals stimulate the release of substances like mucus, pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid, and gastrin to facilitate digestion.
However, the rate at which chyme (partially digested food) enters the small intestine is not controlled by the cephalic phase of gastric secretion. Once food has entered the stomach and undergone initial processing, it is gradually released into the small intestine in controlled amounts regulated by the duodenum and the pyloric sphincter.
Therefore, the correct answer is: "It controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine."
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How did the development of a waxy cuticle help plants adapt to life on land?
O A. The cuticle minimized water loss from leaves.
B. The cuticle absorbed nutrients from the soil.
C. The cuticle increased photosynthesis.
O D. The cuticle protected reproductive structures.
SUBMIT
Answers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
The cuticle in the plants minimizes the water loss or transpiration from leaves. The correct option is A.
What is transpiration?Transpiration is the process by which water vapor is lost via the stomata of plants. When the weather is very hot, the plant's loss of water vapor cools it down, and moisture from the stem and roots moves upwards or is 'pulled' into the leaves.
The evaporation of extra water from stomata in plant leaves is known as transpiration. It is necessary for some upward movement of water in plants. It aids in the regulation of plant temperature.
To transpire, water vapor must diffuse through this motionless layer from the stomata to the atmosphere, where it will be removed by moving air. The cuticle present in the waxy leaves prevent excess transpiration.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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A P E X
2. How do we use demography to study culture? Identify at least two tools or
indicators. Then describe what you can learn from one of those tools or indicators
and provide an example. (8 points)
Tool or indicator:
Tool or indicator:
What you can learn (from either of the above):
Example:
Answers
Answer:
osbervaison and information
Explanation:
you can osbrve if a person ahs a healthy life stlye and see what they need and what they dont need information you can ask that person for more depth on what happended why they are like that what caused them to be that way if it s good or bad
if someone is coghing and you can obersev and tell that they are sick and if you ask what happedn they will tell you information then you can tell what type of cold they have. HOPES THIS HELPS IF IT DOSE THE GIVE ME AN BRAINLIEST PLS I NEVER HAD ONE.❤
explain what is magnetostatic self-energy as a concept and how to obtain this from the potential?
Answers
Magnetostatic self-energy refers to the energy associated with the magnetic field produced by a magnet or a magnetic material. It represents the energy stored in the magnetic field due to the magnet or magnetic material itself.
To obtain the magnetostatic self-energy from the magnetic potential, we can use the following steps:
Define the magnetic vector potential (A): The magnetic vector potential is a vector field that describes the magnetic field in terms of a potential. It is denoted by the symbol A and satisfies the equation ∇ x A = B, where B is the magnetic field.Calculate the magnetic field (B): Use the magnetic vector potential to calculate the magnetic field using the equation B = ∇ x A. This step involves taking the curl of the magnetic vector potential.Determine the magnetic energy density (u): The magnetic energy density represents the energy stored per unit volume in the magnetic field and is given by the equation u = (1/2μ0)B², where μ0 is the permeability of free space.Integrate the magnetic energy density over the volume: Integrate the magnetic energy density over the volume of the magnet or magnetic material to obtain the total magnetostatic self-energy. This step involves calculating the integral ∫ u dV.By following these steps, we can obtain the magnetostatic self-energy associated with the magnetic field produced by a magnet or magnetic material.
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A recognizable group of stars in the night sky, that appeared change position throughout the year is called?
Answers
Answer:
Constellation
Explanation:
A constellation is a group of stars that appears to form a pattern or picture like Orion the Great Hunter, Leo the Lion, or Taurus the Bull. Constellations are easily recognizable patterns that help people orient themselves using the night sky.
a positive aspect of processed meats is that they are usually a more nutrient-dense source of protein than fresh, unprocessed meats. group startstrue or false true, unselected false, unselected
Answers
It is untrue to say that processed meats have a benefit over fresh, unprocessed meats in that they are typically a more nutrient-dense form of protein.
While extra amino acids are excreted, extra protein is typically retained as fat. When attempting to increase your protein intake while consuming too many calories, this can eventually result in weight gain. Once needs are satisfied, any extra protein is used for energy or stored as fat because the body cannot store it. Any excess calorie intake will result in fat storage in the body. In addition to potentially raising the chance for heart disease and cancer, consuming too much protein over time can put stress on the bones, liver, and kidneys.When an individual has hypoproteinemia, their blood protein levels are abnormally low. Weakness, fatigue, and an infection risk are typical signs. Hypoproteinemia can be treated by eating enough protein. Every component of the human organism requires proteins.
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The chromosomes of offspring are not identical to those of their parents or siblings because ______ is shuffled during meiosis.
Answers
The chromosomes of offspring are not identical to those of their parents or siblings because genetic information is shuffled during meiosis.
Meiosis can be described as a cell division process by which gamete cells divide. The number of chromosomes is reduced to half in this cell division process.
During the process of meiosis, genetic information is shuffled between non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes. This shuffling process is referred to as crossing over. A new combination of alleles is formed due to the process of crossing over.
It is due to the process of crossing over that the organisms produced are not identical to each other or the parents. Genetic diversity is important in order for populations to survive which is possible through the process of meiosis.
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which three statements describe ways that earth's astmosphere protects living things
Answers
Answer:
The atmosphere blocks out harmful rays from the sun. The ozone layer, which lies in the stratosphere 11 to 50 kilometers from the Earth's surface, blocks out many harmful forms of radiation. Without the ozone layer, ultraviolet rays would destroy most life on Earth. Gases in the atmosphere also hold in heat.