the vapor pressure of an organic substance that is not soluble in water is 0.0028 atm. at 100c. can you use steam distillation to purify this compound? explain.
Answers
Steam distillation is suitable for purifying your organic compound because it has a vapor pressure of 0.0028 atm at 100°C, is not soluble in water, and can be separated from other impurities with higher boiling points.
How does Steam Distillation purify compounds?Steam distillation is a technique employed to separate and purify volatile compounds that are not soluble in water, such as organic substance. The process involves heating the compound along with water, creating a mixture of steam and volatile organic vapors. The total vapor pressure of the mixture is the sum of the vapor pressures of the individual components (water and the organic substance). Since the boiling point of the mixture is reached when the total vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure, the mixture will boil at a lower temperature than the boiling point of the organic substance alone.
In your case, the vapor pressure of the organic substance at 100°C is 0.0028 atm, and the vapor pressure of water at 100°C is approximately 1 atm. The total vapor pressure at 100°C is 1.0028 atm, which is slightly above atmospheric pressure (1 atm). Therefore, the mixture of steam and organic vapors will boil at a temperature below 100°C, allowing you to separate the organic substance from impurities with higher boiling points using steam distillation.
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Related Questions
a buffer solution contains 0.301 m khco3 and 0.288 m k2co3. if 0.0273 moles of sodium hydroxide are added to 125 ml of this buffer, what is the ph of the resulting solution ? (assume that the volume does not change upon adding sodium hydroxide)
Answers
The pH of the resulting solution is 9.96 that can be calculated by using the using the pOH values.
Buffer Solution is a water solvent primarily based totally answer which includes a combination containing a vulnerable acid and the conjugate base of the vulnerable acid, or a vulnerable base and the conjugate acid of the vulnerable base. They face up to a alternate in pH upon dilution or upon the addition of small quantities of acid/alkali to them.
Millimoles of NH3 = 0.316 x 250 = 79
Millimoles of NH4Br = 0.339 x 250 = 84.75
Millimoles of KOH = 57.3
pOH = pKb + log [salt - C / base + C]
= 4.74 + log [84.75 - 57.3 / 79 + 57.3]
= 4.04
pH + pOH=14
pH=14-4.04
pH = 9.96
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A large fish tank is initially filled with 30 litres of fresh water. You begin to fill the tank by slowly pouring in water with salt concentration of 35 grams per litre (approximate salinity of sea water) at a rate of 2 litres per minute. At the same time, the (perfectly mixed) fluid in the tank is drained from the bottom at a rate of 1 litre per minute. 1. Determine the volume of water in the tank at time t. [1 mark] 2. Let S(t) denote the amount of salt in the fish tank at time t in grams. Show that S(t) satisfies the ODE S
′
(t)=70−
t+30
S
. Write down the appropriate initial condition for the ODE as well. [2 marks] 3. What order is this ODE? Is it linear? Is it separable? [1 mark] 4. Solve the initial value problem to find S(t) using the method of integrating factors. [3 marks] 5. What is the salt concentration in the tank as t→[infinity] ? [1 mark] Part B: Double tanks Next you hook up two fish tanks in a loop so that there is a pipe from tank A to tank B, and also a pipe from tank B back to tank A. Two pumps are added so that you can control the flow rate in each pipe. Initially tank A contains 80 litre of fresh water and tank B 60 litres of fresh water. You begin to pour salt water with concentration 35 grams per litre into tank A at a rate of 2 litres per minute. To keep the tanks from overflowing, you set your pumps so that water is flowing at a constant rate of 4 litres per minute from tank A to tank B, and 2 litre per minute from tank B to tank A. You also put a drain in tank B so that fluid is draining at a rate of 2 litres per minute. 1. Sketch a diagram of the tank setup with arrows for flows entering and leaving each tank. [
1 mark]
2. Let P(t) and Q(t) denote the amount of salt in tank A and tank B respectively. Show that P and Q satisfy a system of ODE's in the form of
P
′
(t)
Q
′
(t)
=c
1
P(t)+c
2
Q(t)+c
3
=c
4
P(t)+c
5
Q(t)
where c
1
,c
2
,c
3
,c
4
and c
5
are constants. Determine the constant c
1
,c
2
,c
3
,c
4
,c
5
and write down appropriate initial conditions. [2 marks] 3. Show that the system of ODE's can be converted into the following second order ODE for P(t) P
′′
(t)=−
60
7
P
′
(t)−
600
1
P(t)+
3
14
State the initial conditions for this ODE. [2 marks] 4. Solve this second order ODE to find P(t), and hence Q(t) as well.
Answers
1. The volume of water in the tank at time t is given by the equation
Volume(t) = 30 + t.
2.The appropriate initial condition for the ODE is S(0) = 0, as there is no salt initially in the tank.
3. It is not separable because the variables S(t) and t are not separable on opposite sides of the equation.
4. The solution can be expressed in terms of the integral as:
\(S(t) = (70 * \int e^{(t^{2/2} + 30t)} dt) / e^{(t^{2/2} + 30t)})\)
5. the salt concentration in the tank as t→infinity is zero.
1. To determine the volume of water in the tank at time t, we need to consider the rate at which water is being added and drained. The tank is being filled at a rate of 2 liters per minute and drained at a rate of 1 liter per minute.
Since the tank starts with an initial volume of 30 liters, the volume of water in the tank at time t can be calculated using the equation:
Volume(t) = Initial volume + (Rate of filling - Rate of draining) * t
Volume(t) = 30 + (2 - 1) * t
So, the volume of water in the tank at time t is given by the equation
Volume(t) = 30 + t.
2. Let S(t) denote the amount of salt in the fish tank at time t in grams.
To show that S(t) satisfies the ODE S'(t) = 70 - (t+30)S(t),
we need to take the derivative of S(t) with respect to t and substitute it into the given ODE.
Taking the derivative of S(t), we have:
S'(t) = 0 - (1+0)S(t) + 0
S'(t) = -S(t)
Substituting this into the given ODE, we get:
-S(t) = 70 - (t+30)S(t)
Simplifying the equation, we have:
S'(t) = 70 - (t+30)S(t)
Therefore, S(t) satisfies the ODE S'(t) = 70 - (t+30)S(t).
The appropriate initial condition for the ODE is S(0) = 0,
as there is no salt initially in the tank.
3. This ODE is a first-order linear ordinary differential equation. It is not separable because the variables S(t) and t are not separable on opposite sides of the equation.
4. To solve the initial value problem for S(t) using the method of integrating factors, we first rewrite the ODE in standard form:
S'(t) + (t+30)S(t) = 70
The integrating factor is given by:
\(\mu(t) = e^{(\int (t+30) dt)} = e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)\)
Multiplying both sides of the equation by μ(t), we have:
\(e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)} * S'(t) + e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)} * (t+30)S(t) = 70 * e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)\)
Applying the product rule to the left side of the equation, we get:
\((e^{(t^{2/2} + 30t) * S(t))' = 70 * e^{(t^{2/2} + 30t)})\)
Integrating both sides of the equation with respect to t, we have:
\(\int (e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)} * S(t))' dt = \int (70 * e^{(t^2/2 + 30t))} dt\)
Using the fundamental theorem of calculus, the left side becomes:
\(e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)} * S(t) = \int (70 * e^{(t^2/2 + 30t))} dt\)
Simplifying the right side by integrating, we get:
\(e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)} * S(t) = 70 * \int e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)} dt\)
At this point, the integration of \(e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)\) becomes difficult to express in terms of elementary functions.
Hence, the solution can be expressed in terms of the integral as:
\(S(t) = (70 * \int e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)} dt) / e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)\)
5. As t approaches infinity, the exponential term \(e^{(t^2/2 + 30t)\) becomes very large, causing the salt concentration S(t) to approach zero. Therefore, the salt concentration in the tank as t→infinity is zero.
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The salt concentration in the tank as t approaches infinity is 70/3.
1. To determine the volume of water in the tank at time t, we need to consider the rate at which water is being poured into the tank and the rate at which water is being drained from the bottom.
At a rate of 2 litres per minute, water is being poured into the tank. So after t minutes, the amount of water poured into the tank is 2t litres.
At a rate of 1 litre per minute, water is being drained from the tank. So after t minutes, the amount of water drained from the tank is t litres.
Since the tank was initially filled with 30 litres of fresh water, the volume of water in the tank at time t is given by:
Volume(t) = 30 + 2t - t
Volume(t) = 30 + t
2. Let S(t) denote the amount of salt in the fish tank at time t. To determine the ODE for S(t), we need to consider the salt being poured into the tank and the salt being drained from the tank.
The salt concentration in the water being poured into the tank is 35 grams per litre. So the amount of salt being poured into the tank per minute is 35 * 2 = 70 grams.
The amount of salt being drained from the tank per minute is S(t)/Volume(t) * 1.
Therefore, the ODE for S(t) is:
S'(t) = 70 - S(t)/Volume(t)
The initial condition for this ODE is S(0) = 0, since there was no salt in the tank initially.
3. The ODE S'(t) = 70 - S(t)/Volume(t) is a first-order linear ODE. It is not separable since the variables S(t) and Volume(t) are mixed together.
4. To solve the initial value problem for S(t), we can rewrite the ODE as:
Volume(t) * S'(t) + S(t) = 70 * Volume(t)
This is a linear ODE of the form y'(t) + p(t)y(t) = g(t), where p(t) = 1/Volume(t) and g(t) = 70 * Volume(t).
To solve this type of ODE, we can multiply both sides by an integrating factor, which is the exponential of the integral of p(t).
The integrating factor is exp(integral of 1/Volume(t) dt) = exp(ln(Volume(t))) = Volume(t).
Multiplying both sides of the ODE by the integrating factor, we get:
Volume(t) * S'(t) + S(t) = 70 * Volume(t)
Volume(t) * S'(t) + Volume(t) * S(t) = 70 * Volume(t)^2
( Volume(t) * S(t) )' = 70 * Volume(t)^2
Integrating both sides with respect to t, we get:
Volume(t) * S(t) = 70/3 * Volume(t)^3 + C
S(t) = 70/3 * Volume(t)^2 + C/Volume(t)
Using the initial condition S(0) = 0, we can solve for C:
0 = 70/3 * 30^2 + C/30
C = -70000
Therefore, the solution for S(t) is:
S(t) = 70/3 * Volume(t)^2 - 70000/Volume(t)
5. As t approaches infinity, the volume of water in the tank becomes very large. In this case, we can approximate the volume of the tank as t, since the rate at which water is being poured in is 2 litres per minute. So the salt concentration in the tank as t approaches infinity is given by:
S(t)/Volume(t) = (70/3 * t^2 - 70000/t) / t
As t approaches infinity, the second term (-70000/t) approaches 0, so the salt concentration in the tank as t approaches infinity is:
S(t)/Volume(t) = 70/3 * t^2 / t = 70/3 * t
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describe the relationship between ph and the mortality of minnows.
Answers
pH is an important parameter in aquatic environments, and the relationship between pH and the mortality of minnows is a complex one.
Minnows are sensitive to pH, and changes in pH can cause mortality in these fish.
What is pH?pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It is measured on a scale of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are alkaline. Fish in freshwater ecosystems are sensitive to changes in pH, and changes in pH can cause mortality in these fish.
Minnows are among the fish species that are sensitive to pH changes and can die if pH conditions become too extreme.
Relationship between pH and mortality of minnows:
Acidic pH:Minnows are more sensitive to acidic pH than alkaline pH. When the pH of water becomes too acidic, the fish may experience respiratory distress, which can lead to death.
Alkaline pH:Minnows can also die in water with alkaline pH, but this usually occurs at much higher pH levels. At high pH levels, fish can experience osmoregulatory failure and may not be able to maintain their internal balance. This can lead to death.
The ideal pH range for minnows is between 6.5 and 7.5, and maintaining the pH within this range is important for their survival. Changes in pH can occur due to a variety of factors, including acid rain, pollution, and changes in temperature.
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which element has the highest monetary value?
A) gold
B) Silver
C) nickel
D) lead
Answers
Answer:
A. gold has the highest monetary value?
Among the given elements, gold has the highest monetary value. So the correct option is A.
What is gold?
Gold (Au) is a chemical element that belongs to Period 6's Group 11 (Ib) and is a thick, glossy golden valuable metal. Gold has historically been extremely valued due to a number of characteristics. It is typically found in nature in a relatively pure form, is appealing in colour and brightness, resilient to the point of virtual indestructibility, and very flexible.
Due to its perceived worth from the beginning, gold has a history that is unmatched by that of any other metal. Gold is one of the densest metals.
It is a good heat and electrical conductor. It is also the softest, most malleable, and ductile of all the elements; a troy ounce (31.1 grammes) of gold may be hammered into gold leaf, which can be crushed into sheets as thin as 187 square feet (approximately 17 square metres).
Therefore the correct option is A.
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why don't we have a lunar eclipse every month?
PLEASE HURRY
Answers
Answer:
Beacause it does just in a different place
Explanation:
Because the Earth's orbit around the sun differs from the Moon's orbit around the Earth, lunar eclipse don't happen every month.
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How many kilograms of nickel must be added to 5. 66 kg of copper to yield a liquidus temperature of 1200
Answers
The kilograms of the nickel be added to the 5.66 kg of the copper to yield the liquidus temperature of 1200 °C is 2.42 kg.
The liquidus temperature = 1200 °C
The mass of the copper = 5.66 kg
The mass of the nickel = (mass of the copper) × (% of the nickel needed - % of nickel in the copper) / (% of nickel in the nickel - % of nickel in copper)
The mass of the nickel = (5.66 kg) × (30% - 0%) / (30% - 100%)
The mass of the nickel = (5.66 kg) × (0.3) / (-0.7)
The mass of the nickel = 2.42 kg
Thus, the mass of the nickel is 2.42 kg.
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g which reaction requires platinum as a catalyst? a. oxidation of an aldehyde or ketone b. reduction of an aldehyde or ketone c. reaction of an aldehyde or ketone with an alcohol d. all of the responses are reactions that are catalyzed by platinum.
Answers
The reaction that requires platinum as a catalyst is the B. reduction of an aldehyde or ketone.
This reaction occurs when an aldehyde or ketone is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a platinum-based catalyst. The resulting product is alcohol. This reaction is important in the production of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones from their precursors. The catalyst helps to break the chemical bonds of the molecules and increase the reaction rate.
In addition to being used for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones, platinum can also be used to catalyze the oxidation of an aldehyde or ketone. In this reaction, an aldehyde or ketone is treated with an oxidizing agent, such as oxygen or ozone, in the presence of a platinum-based catalyst. This reaction is used to produce carboxylic acids and esters. Both of these reactions require the use of a platinum-based catalyst, which helps to speed up the reaction rate.
In summary, the reaction that requires platinum as a catalyst is the reduction of an aldehyde or ketone. Platinum can also be used to catalyze the oxidation of an aldehyde or ketone. Both of these reactions are important for the production of alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones from their precursors. Therefore the correct option is B
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What is your worst fear?????????????????????????????????????
Answers
Answer:
Everyone has a fear.
Fear is something that everyone have and fear itself is worse.... so there wont be any other wort fear when it itself is the worst
Answer:
apocaplyse
Explanation:
in a neutralization reaction, which compound is always formed? select the correct answer below: a strong acid a strong base water none of the above
Answers
In a neutralization reaction, water is always formed. This is because a neutralization reaction involves the reaction of an acid and a base to form a salt and water.
The acid donates a hydrogen ion (H+) and the base donates a hydroxide ion (OH-) to form water (H+ + OH- -> H2O) and the remaining ions combine to form a salt. The salt formed depends on the specific acid and base used in the reaction. Therefore, the correct answer is: water.
Water is a transparent, colorless, odorless, and tasteless liquid that is essential for most forms of life. It is a chemical compound with the formula H2O, meaning it is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, held together by covalent bonds.
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please explain the trend of these waves briefly.
1.1 Please explain the trend of these waves briefly. (5 points)
Answers
A wave is a disturbance that travels through space or matter. It transfers energy from one point to another without transferring matter. The two main types of waves are transverse and longitudinal waves.
Transverse waves oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave travel while longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to the direction of wave travel. The trend of waves refers to the pattern or behavior of the wave as it travels through space or matter. One trend of waves is that they experience reflection, refraction, and diffraction. Waves also demonstrate constructive and destructive interference. Constructive interference occurs when two waves of the same frequency combine to produce a larger wave. Destructive interference occurs when two waves of the same frequency combine to produce a smaller wave. Waves also exhibit diffraction,
which is the bending of a wave as it passes through a small opening or around an obstacle. The degree of diffraction is dependent on the wavelength of the wave in relation to the size of the opening or obstacle. Finally, waves are characterized by their frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and velocity. These characteristics determine how the wave will behave and interact with other waves and matter.
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Potential energy depends on
Question 2 options:
Length and color
Position or shape
Density and volume
Speed and velocity
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Speed and velocity I think
How did plastics become the material of choice for so many varied applications?
Answers
Answer:
people as: it Is less expensive. easy to carry
QUICK PLEASE!! 30 PTS! ONLY ANSWER IF YOU'RE SURE!
Describe how rate relationships and activation energy are important in chemical reactions.
Answers
Answer:
The higher the activation energy, the slower the chemical reaction will be.
Explanation:
your welcome
Answer:
The activation energy of a chemical reaction is closely related to its rate. Specifically, the higher the activation energy, the slower the chemical reaction will be. This is because molecules can only complete the reaction once they have reached the top of the activation energy barrier.
Explanation: Each and every chemical reaction require some amount of activation energy to begin. The activation energy enables the reactants to move and overcome forces of repulsion. The subsequent collisions between atoms facilitates the breaking of existing bonds and the formation of new ones.
The purpose of the phosphoric acid is to Group of answer choices catalyze the protonation of the alcohol. neutralize the strong base used in the experiment. help dissolve the alcohol, which is 100% water soluble. cause an E2 elimination.
Answers
The purpose of phosphoric acid in this context is to A, catalyze the protonation of the alcohol.
What is phosphoric acid?Phosphoric acid is a weak acid, which means that it does not fully dissociate into ions in solution. However, it does donate a proton to the alcohol, which makes the alcohol more reactive. This allows the alcohol to react with the other reactants in the reaction.
This means that there are still some H+ ions present in solution, which can be used to protonate the alcohol. Protonation of the alcohol makes it more reactive, which allows it to undergo the desired reaction.
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Which power source directs the electrons from oxidation-reduction reactions to flow through a device to give the device power? O A. An electric motor B. A battery C. An electromagnet O D. An electric generator
Answers
Answer:
B. A battery.
Explanation:
I just took the test
Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon. Scientists can compare the ratio of
carbon-14 to carbon-12 within an organic object to determine its age. How are isotopes
different from one another?
They have different numbers of neutrons.
They have different numbers of valence electrons.
They have different chemical properties.
They have different numbers of protons.
Answers
Answer:
I'm pretty sure the answer is B.
Explanation:
I hope this helps
Isotopes are different from one another as they have different numbers of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
Isotopes are defined as substances having same number of protons but different number of neutrons.Number of protons is characteristic for determining position of elements in the periodic table.
Since,all isotopes have the same number of protons and hence have same position.They have similar chemical properties as they have same number of electrons.
They find applications in the field of nuclear medicine and oil and gas research . There are 2 types of isotopes : stable and unstable
Unstable isotopes are radioactive and are called as radioisotopes.Some of these isotopes are man -made and hence also called as artificial isotopes.Every element has an isotope which is either man-made or natural .
Many properties of isotopes depend on mass which is measured in atomic mass unit. The difference in actual mass and mass number is called mass defect.
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Researchers conducted a naturalistic study of children between the ages of 5 and 7 years. The researchers visited classrooms during class party celebrations. As a measure of hyperactivity, they recorded the number of times children left their seats. The researchers found a strong positive correlation between sugary snacks offered at the parties and hyperactivity. Based on these findings, the researchers concluded that sugar causes hyperactivity.
Answers
In this case, the hypothesis may be 'sugar does not exhibit an effect on hyperactivity'. A hypothesis is a given explanation about the natural world.
Hypothesis and scientific questionsA hypothesis can be defined as a particular testable explanation about a given question that emerges by observing the natural world.
A hypothesis must be tested (either confirmed or rejected) by using the scientific method.
In this case, the dependent variable (i.e., the variable that is changed during by the independent variable) is hyperactivity.
The independent variable is the variable that isn't changed during the experimental procedure.
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Which diagram shows a pair of electrons that have opposite spins?
O1
1
个个
Answers
Answer:
the answer is half arrow
* GIVING BRAINLIEST*
3Ca+2 FeCl3 -> 3CaCl2 + 2Fe
Calcium metal + Iron Chloride -> Calcium Chloride + Iron metal
Identify the reason that atoms react with each other.
Answers
i think its double replacement if i'm not mistaken
orbital cellulitis 5462 children included for study, 1347 (24%) were prescribed corticosteroids within 2 days of admission
Answers
It's unable to identify a decrease in LOS linked to corticosteroid exposure during hospitalization for ocular cellulitis in this database search. After two days of hospitalization, operational episodes and the prescription of corticosteroids were related to admission to the PICU.
Within two days of admission, 1347 (24%) of the 5462 children who were included in the research received a corticosteroid prescription. In analyses that controlled for age, the existence of meningitis, abscess, or visual problems, as well as the surgical episode and PICU admission within 2 days, corticosteroid prescription was not linked with LOS (e = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97-1.06). Among patients with a primary diagnosis of orbital cellulitis, corticosteroid exposure was linked to surgical events after two days of hospitalization (odds ratio = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.29-3.27) and 30-day readmission (odds ratio = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.52-3.78). Prospective, randomized control trials are required prior to the widespread usage of corticosteroids.
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Read the article by Michael Fumento, writer for the New York Post editorial blog, who does not support global warming.
Back in 2005 I and others reviewed the entire hurricane record, which goes back over a century, and found no increase of any kind. Yes, we sometimes get bad storms—but no frequently now than in the past. The advocates simply ignored that evidence.
Fact is, the earth was cooling and warming long before greenhouse gases could have been a factor. The [global warming supporters] have been proved wrong time and time again.
Which best describes the reliability of the source?
Nationally certified organizations are considered an unreliable source because the public can access their information.
Charities are considered a reliable source because the public makes financial contributions to them.
Editorial blogs are considered an unreliable source because the author may not have a science background.
Editorial blogs are considered a reliable source because authors contribute to them regularly.
Answers
The editorial blogs are considered an unreliable source because the author may not have a science background. Option C
What the reliability of a source?We know that not all sources of information could be taken to be reliable. A source of information could come across as being reliable when the source is an authority in the area in which the information is furnished.
Such authorities often publish authentic and verified information in reputable journal that are meant for professional consumption.
Thus, the editorial blogs are considered an unreliable source because the author may not have a science background.
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The label CORROSIVE on a chemical container indicates
Answers
The label CORROSIVE on a chemical container indicates that the contents are corrosive, meaning that contact with these materials can cause damage to living tissue and materials.
It is important to exercise caution when handling these materials and to ensure that the containers are well labeled and stored in a safe and secure location.
Corrosive chemicals are substances that can cause damage or destruction to other substances with which they come into contact by means of a chemical reaction. These reactions can occur on contact, or over a period of time. Corrosive chemicals can cause damage to the skin, eyes, respiratory tract, and other parts of the body.
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Which feature improves the safety of small modular reactors (SMRs)?
They use control rods to slow the reaction.
They can be installed underground.
They require less onsite preparation.
They produce less waste.
Answers
Answer:
They can be installed underground.
Explanation:
Keeps the reactor coolant water under high pressure to prevent it from boiling.
Jean-Baptiste, after studying the way heat flows through solid materials, discovers a _____
that says the rate of heat flow is proportional to the difference in temperature per centimeter, and he measures the constant of proportionality for several substances.
Sadi proposes the _____ that substances become hot when rubbed because the pressure of the rubbing squeezes out a fiery bright substance he calls caloric.
James sets up an _____
in which he will carefully stir the water in an insulated container, keeping track of the force required to stir the water, and then measure any temperature rise in the water. He hopes to find out whether the energy of stirring can be transformed into heat.
What are the missing words?
Observation, Experiment, Law, Theory, Hypothesis
Answers
The words that complete these descriptions are law, hypothesis, and experiment.
What is a law?
In science, a law is a statement that accurately describes the way a natural phenomenon occurs. Due to this, laws are created after testing a hypothesis several times. This matches Jean-Baptiste's proposal because his idea about heat flow has been tested by himself and others multiple times.
What is a hypothesis?
Different from a law, a hypothesis only states a possible explanation but this should be tested to become a law. This concept can be applied to Sadi because he only has an idea about heat flow but this has not been tested.
What is an experiment?
This is a procedure that aims at testing a hypothesis. This concept applies to James because he is carrying out an objective procedure to understand energy and heat.
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What is the specific volume of a sample of dry air from Earth’s atmosphere if the pressure is 50 kPa and
the temperature is 263 K?
Answers
To determine the specific volume of a sample of dry air, we can use the ideal gas law. The ideal gas law equation is:
PV = nRT
Where:
P = Pressure (in Pascal)
V = Volume (in cubic meters)
n = Number of moles of the gas
R = Ideal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K))
T = Temperature (in Kelvin)
To convert the given pressure and temperature to the SI units (Pascal and Kelvin), we have:
Pressure = 50 kPa = 50,000 Pa
Temperature = 263 K
Now, we can rearrange the ideal gas law equation to solve for volume (V):
V = (nRT) / P
Since we're dealing with a specific volume, we need to determine the volume per unit mass. Therefore, we'll consider one kilogram (kg) of dry air.
To calculate the number of moles (n) of air in one kilogram, we need to know the molar mass of dry air. The molar mass of dry air can be approximated as 28.97 g/mol.
1 kg of air = 1000 g
Number of moles (n) = (mass of air) / (molar mass of air)
n = (1000 g) / (28.97 g/mol)
Now we can substitute the values into the equation:
V = [(1000 g) / (28.97 g/mol)] * (8.314 J/(mol·K)) * (263 K) / (50,000 Pa)
V/n ≈ 0.0434 m³/mol is the specific volume of the dry air sample.
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what is percipatation
Answers
Answer:
Water that falls from the clouds.
Explanation:
An initially deflated and flat balloon is connected by a valve to a storage tank containing helium gas at 1 MPa at ambient temperature of 20 degrees C. The valve is open and the balloon is inflated at constant pressure of 100 kPa (atmospheric pressure) until it becomes spherical at D1 = 1m. If the balloon is larger than this, the balloon material is stretched giving a pressure inside as:
P = Po + C(1-(D1/D))(D1/D)
The balloon is slowly inflated to a final diameter of 4m, at which point the pressure inside is 400 kPa. The temperature remains constant at 20 degrees C. Determine the work done during the overall process.
Answers
Answer:
14660.75 kJ.
Explanation:
We are given from the question above that the pressure inside is represented by this equation:
P = Po + C(1-(D1/D))(D1/D).
Thus, P = 100 + C (1 - 1/4) (1/4). Therefore, P which is = 400 is;
400 = 100 + C (1 - 1/4) (1/4).
Hence, C = 1600. And the equation can be written as P = 100 + 1600 (1 - (D1/D))(D1/D).
The work done during the entire process, w = (work done during the process 1 to 2) + (work done duringbthe process 2 to 3 ).
Therefore, work done during the process 1 to 2 = P(V2 + V1) = 100( π/6 - 0).
{NB: V2 is gotten from π/6 × D^3. Where D^3 = 1. }
Hence, work done during the process 1 to 2 = 52.36 kJ.
So, the work done duringbthe process 2 to 3 ) is going to be the integration of PdV. Where P = 100 + 1600 (1 - (D1/D))(D1/D) and dV = π/2 D^2 dD. Taking the upper and the lower limit as 4 and 1 respectively.
After the integration (kindly check attached picture for the process) the work done duringbthe process 2 to 3 = 14.61 × 10^3 kJ.
Therefore, The work done during the entire process, w = (work done during the process 1 to 2) + (work done duringbthe process 2 to 3 ).
The work done during the entire process, w = 52.36 kJ + 14.61 × 10^3 kJ. = 14660.75 kJ.
Fractional distillation of crude oil is used to separate hydrocarbons by Question 3 options: A) melting point. B) boiling point. C) chemical properties. D) number of attached hydrogens.
Answers
B is the answer because fractional distillation is used to separate particles of different boiling paints.
Fractional distillation of crude oil is used to separate hydrocarbons by their boiling point. The correct answer is option B.
Fractional distillation is a process that separates these hydrocarbons based on their boiling points.
During fractional distillation, crude oil is heated to a high temperature, causing it to vaporize.
The vaporized hydrocarbons then rise up a fractionating column, which is cooler at the top and hotter at the bottom. As the vaporized hydrocarbons rise up the column, they cool and condense at different heights based on their boiling points. The hydrocarbons with lower boiling points condense at the top of the column, while those with higher boiling points condense at the bottom.Therefore, the correct answer is option B. boiling point.
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The value of ΔG° for the phosphorylation of glucose in glycolysis is 13.8 kJ/mol.What is the value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction at 25.0°C?
Answers
Explanation
Given:
ΔG° = 13.8 kJ/mol = (13.8 x 1000) J/mol = 13800 J/mol
Temperature, T = 25.0°C. = 25.0°C + 273 = 298.0 K
What to find:
the value of the equilibrium constant, K for the reaction at 25.0°C.
Step-by-step solution:
Both K and ΔG° can be used to predict the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium for a given reaction.
ΔG° is related to K by the equation ΔG°= −RTlnK.
R is the molar gas constant, ( R = 8.3144598 J/K/mol)
If ΔG° < 0, then K > 1, and products are favored over reactants at equilibrium.
The next step is to substitute the values of ΔG° and T into the equation to get K.
ΔG°= −RTlnK
13800 J/mol = -(8.3144598 J/K/mol x 298 K x lnK)
13800 J/mol = -(2477.70902 J/mol x lnK)
Divide both sides by 2477.70902 J/mol
\(\begin{gathered} \frac{13800\text{ J/mol}}{2477.70902\text{ J/mol}}=-\frac{2477.70902\text{ J/mol }\times\ln K}{2477.70902\text{ J/mol}} \\ 5.5697=-\ln K \\ \ln K=-5.5697 \\ K=\ln ^{-1}(-5.5697) \\ \end{gathered}\)pls help with my science homework
continuation-
a) The graph shows that the substance takes longer to boil then melt suggest a reason for this?
b) Sketch a rough heating curve for pure water
Answers
a) The graph shows that the substance takes longer to boil than to melt. One reason for this is that boiling requires more energy than melting.
b) The heating curve of pure water shows the changes in temperature as water is heated. When water is initially heated, it absorbs heat energy, causing its temperature to rise until it reaches its boiling point.
a. When a substance melts, its particles absorb energy, causing the bonds between them to weaken and eventually break, causing the substance to transition from a solid to a liquid state. However, during boiling, not only must the particles absorb energy to break their bonds, but they must also overcome the pressure of the surrounding atmosphere, which keeps them in their liquid state. This means that boiling requires more energy than melting, which is why it takes longer for a substance to boil than to melt.
b. As water continues to be heated, it undergoes a phase transition from a liquid to a gas, with its temperature remaining constant during this process. Once all of the water has boiled off, the temperature begins to rise again as the energy is absorbed by the container or the surrounding environment.In a heating curve of pure water, the x-axis represents temperature, while the y-axis represents heat energy. The curve starts at the initial temperature of the water, then rises until it reaches the boiling point. At the boiling point, the curve remains horizontal until all of the water has boiled off. After this, the curve rises again, showing the energy absorbed by the container or environment. The curve will be similar to an inverted U-shape, with a flat portion in the middle.
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