The most important initial nursing action would be to assess the client's vital signs, particularly blood pressure and pulse, and notify the healthcare provider immediately.
The client's symptoms of vomiting thick coffee-ground material and restlessness are indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding, a serious complication that can occur following a spinal cord injury. Coffee-ground vomitus typically indicates the presence of partially digested blood. Restlessness and apprehension may be signs of hypovolemia or shock resulting from significant blood loss. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to assess the client's vital signs, paying close attention to blood pressure and pulse. Rapid, weak pulse and decreased blood pressure may suggest significant blood loss and require immediate medical attention. Notifying the healthcare provider promptly allows for timely intervention and appropriate treatment to address the potential gastrointestinal bleeding and prevent further complications.
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Many medications, including antihistamines, cough syrups, sleeping aids, and pain relievers, can cause __________.
Answer:
They all can cause sleepiness (drowsiness)
Explanation:
the most likely rationale for body temperature fluctuations after cervical spinal cord injury is that the person:
The brain and body communicate through the spinal cord. However, after spinal cord injury, this communication may be disrupted and messages may not be transmitted across the injury. This can impair functions such as sweating.
Extreme back pain or tightness in the neck, head, or back. Weakness, incoordination, or paralysis in any part of the body. Numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation in hands, fingers, feet, or toes. Various authors have defined cessation of spinal shock as the appearance of the bulbocavernosus reflex, restoration of the deep tendon reflex, or restoration of reflex detrusor activity. Although sometimes asymptomatic, signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia commonly include a rapid increase in blood pressure, heart rate changes (reflex bradycardia), anxiety, blurred vision, headache, flushing, and sweating. (above injury level).
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Select the correct answer.
How do nurse aides communicate their clients' condition with the doctor who is treating the clients?
A. using the clients' charts
B. by calling the doctor up
C. explaining nonverbally
D. asking the clients to explain
Which pair of organisms are most distantly related based on
the phylogenetic tree?
A) club fungi and diplomonads
b) red algae and Volvox
hing
c) ciliates and brown algae
d) chytrids and bread molds
The pair of organisms that are most distantly related based on the phylogenetic tree is: Club fungi and diplomonads. So the correct option is A.
The phylogenetic tree represents the evolutionary relationships among organisms. The greater the distance between two organisms on the tree, the more distant their evolutionary relationship. In this case, club fungi and diplomonads are the most distantly related pair.
Club fungi belong to the kingdom Fungi, specifically the phylum Basidiomycota, while diplomonads are a group of protists belonging to the phylum Parabasalia. These two groups are from different kingdoms and exhibit significant differences in their cellular structure, life cycle, and ecological roles.
On the other hand, options B, C, and D represent pairs that are more closely related compared to the pair of club fungi and diplomonads. Red algae and Volvox are both members of the kingdom Plantae, ciliates and brown algae are within the kingdom Protista, and chytrids and bread molds are both fungi.
Therefore, based on the provided options, the pair of club fungi and diplomonads are the most distantly related organisms on the phylogenetic tree.
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A 33-year-old patient is in the outpatient cancer center for his first round of chemotherapy. The nurse knows that which schedule is the most appropriate timing for the intravenous antiemetic drug?
A 33-year-old patient is receiving his first round of chemotherapy at the outpatient cancer centre.
The nurse is aware that the intravenous antiemetic medicine should be administered 30 minutes prior to the start of chemotherapy.
Describe chemotherapy:
Cancer cells can be effectively attacked by chemotherapy, but there are some major side effects that can negatively affect your quality of life. When considering if chemotherapy is best for you, you should compare these side effects to the risk of going untreated. is an aggressive type of chemical medication therapy intended to kill off the body's quickly proliferating cells. Since cancer cells grow and divide more quickly than other cells, it is typically utilized to treat cancer.
An oncologist is a medical professional who specialises in the treatment of cancer. They'll collaborate with you to develop your treatment strategy. In addition to other treatments including surgery, radiation, or hormone therapy, chemotherapy is frequently employed. The kind and stage of your cancer will determine whether you receive combination therapy. your overall health, the location of the cancer cells, and the previous cancer therapies you underwent individualized treatment preferences It is regarded as a systemic treatment, which implies that it has an impact on the entire body. Cancer cells can be effectively attacked by chemotherapy, but there are some major side effects that can negatively affect your quality of life. When considering if chemotherapy is best for you, you should compare these side effects to the risk of going untreated.
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a nurse is administering 1 l of 0.9 sodium chloride to a client who is postoperative and has fluid
Administering 1L of 0.9% sodium chloride will increase the client's blood volume by approximately 0.009L (9mL).
The nurse knows that the client's blood volume is approximately 5 liters.
To calculate the approximate increase in the client's blood volume after receiving 1 liter of 0.9% sodium chloride, we can use the formula:
Increase in blood volume = Volume of fluid administered × Concentration of fluid
Given:
Volume of fluid administered = 1 liter
Concentration of fluid = 0.9% = 0.9/100 = 0.009
Substituting the values into the formula:
Increase in blood volume = 1 liter × 0.009
Calculating the increase:
Increase in blood volume = 0.009 liters
Therefore, the approximate increase in the client's blood volume after receiving 1 liter of 0.9% sodium chloride is 0.009 liters, or 9 milliliters.
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The ________ plan should include the physician's statement of what is wrong with the patient, the plan to care for the problem, and options presented to the patient, as well as any instructions given to the patient.
The care plan should include the physician's statement of what is wrong with the patient, the plan to care for the problem, and options presented to the patient, as well as any instructions given to the patient.
The care plan is an essential component of a patient's healthcare journey. It outlines the physician's diagnosis, treatment plan, and any instructions the patient needs to follow to manage their condition. The care plan should be discussed with the patient, so they understand their condition, treatment options, and what they need to do to manage their health.
The plan may include medication management, lifestyle changes, or referrals to specialists for additional care. It is critical to have a care plan in place, as it can ensure that patients receive consistent, high-quality care, and can help to prevent complications or other health problems.
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Pressure of the aqueous humor that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye.
Pressure of the aqueous humor that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye is generally between 12 to 20 mmHg.
What is aqueous humor?A transparent water like fluid containing the low protein concentration secreted by he ciliary body of the eye lenses is known as aqueous humor.
Composition:99.9% waterSugar vitaminsproteins and other mineralsFormation processes:DiffusionUltrafiltration Active secretion by the ciliary processes..Anterior:Generally the term Anterior is used to describe the view of something where anterior means the front or near the front view.
Hence, Pressure of the aqueous humor that fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye is generally between 12 to 20 mmHg.
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How does dialysis stimulate the kidneys
Research suggests that even children who are socially isolated and deprived of normal nurturing will develop normally as long as they are physically healthy.
TRUE OR FALSE
Answer:
True
Explanation:
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Explain the contribution of cholinergic system in controlling different levels of activities.
Answer:
Cholinergic systems which are an organisation of nerve cells that uses acetylcholine in communicating nerve impulses are found everywhere in the human central nervous system.
It is speculated that they are crucial to learning, attention, memory, speaking and carrying out purposive movements. This is because of their high density in the thalamus, striatum, limbic system, and neocortex.
Cholinergic agents are biochemical compounds which produce the same effects as acetylcholine and/or butyrylcholine.
Studies show that the parasympathetic nervous system (which comprise of the rest and digest system and conserves energy decelerating the heart rate, accelerating intestinal and gland activity etc) uses acetylcholine to a great extent to communicate its messages and is said to be mostly cholinergic.
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Which type of hepatitis is transmitted via the fecal or oral route?
Why is it good for scientists to share information from their investigation
Answer: See below.
Explanation:
The reason why it is good for scientists to share information because when a scientist publishes a result such as in research projects or in peer-reviewed journals, it enables the scientific and medical community to evaluate on the findings and also provides instructions for other researchers to do the same thing in order to experiment and verify the results from the former.
Which of the following could be reasonably concluded if a fecal pellet is expelled from a sow's vagina during farrowing?
The sow may have a stillborn piglet in her uterus.
The first piglet in the litter is being birthed backward.
The farrowing process has come to a conclusion.
The sow is about to expel her placenta.
Answer: The first piglet in the litter is being birthed backward.
Explanation:
Farrowing is a term that simply has to do with the action by which pigs give birth. Another term for farrowing is parturition.
As farrowing approaches, it should be noted that the the vulva and the vagina will enlarge which leads to the opening into the womb. When a fecal pellet is expelled from a sow's vagina during farrowing, the first piglet in the litter is being birthed backward.
Gloss the following word: ananthous. Look up those morphemes you do not know in the glossary.
To gloss the word "ananthous," we'll first break it down into its morphemes and then look up any unfamiliar ones in the glossary.
1. Break down the word "ananthous" into morphemes:
- "an-" (prefix) means "without" or "lacking"
- "anthous" (root) refers to "flowers" or "blooming"
2. Look up unfamiliar morphemes in the glossary:
- In this case, both morphemes are already explained in the breakdown.
3. Combine the meanings of the morphemes to gloss the word:
- "ananthous" means "without flowers" or "lacking blooming."
So, the gloss of the word "ananthous" is "without flowers" or "lacking blooming."
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In the heart, all the following are true except :
a) the pericardium limits sudden dilatation of the ventricl
b) the left ventricle gives an aid to the right ventricle
c) the left atrium is the first part to contract.
d) the left side of the intervent. septum is depolarized bet
right side .
Answer: c
Explanation:
The nurse understands that administering a hypertonic solution to a patient will shift water from the _____ to the _____ space.
Answer:
The answer is Intracellular; extracellular
Explanation:
The nurse understands that administering a hypertonic solution to a patient will shift water from the Intracellular to the extracellular space.
Ankylosing spondylitis for > 20 years + acute back pain + minimal trauma --> dx?
Ankylosing spondylitis is a long-term, inflammatory condition of the axial spine. Symptoms of AS can include chronic back pain, progressive spinal stiffness, and other symptoms.
The most common symptoms of Ankylosing spondylitis are back pain progressive spinal stiffness, spinal and sacroiliac joints (SI), peripheral joints, digits, and entheses are involved.
Cardiovascular disease: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) has been linked to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This risk has been hypothesized to be caused by the systemic inflammation that is present in AS Pulmonary complications like restricted chest wall and reduced spinal mobility.
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MRS BATRA - CASE OFSTRESS AND BURNOUT Mrs. Batra has been working in the administration department of a hosping in wasport with for the tast 20 years. She is highly dedicated to her job and has if very good rappoti with her superiors and eo-workers. About eight montls ngo, she was promoted into the thper ranks of management and was assigned to the supply department of the hospital as a manager. Everybody was happy for her and congratulated her on her promotion. The employees in this new department welcomed her and promised her all the cooperation. Mrs. Batra finds the job very challenging and psychologically rewarding. She is a very good manager and an interesting person. Everyone in her department likes to come to work because Mrs. Batra makes the day interesting. Since she became the manager absenteeism is down by over 20 per cent. She has very pleasant personality and is always available to help her subordinates. She is efficient, responsible and responds to all communication in timely manner. She attends all meetings fully prepared to discuss all issues under consideration. This she was at least until last month. During the last month, she seems to have changed considerably for the worse. Both her superiors and her subordinates find her behavior strange. She is not as polite and amicable as she used to be. Last week she missed a very important meeting of the top administrators. She was requested to research an issue and prepare the material to present at the weekly meeting. She did not do so.' She is often late to work and does not take much interest in the communication she receives from superiors and other departments and does not respond of the time. The Director of the hospital, Mr. Verma, noticed this change in her behavior early and has been covertly monitoring her behavior for the last three weeks. Early today, Mr. Verma had a talk with one of the in-house psychiatrists explaining Mrs. Batra's changing work behavior patterns. The psychiatrist, Dr. Rekhi suggested that perhaps she has been over-working herself and takes the job too seriously. Mr. Verma suggested t Dr. Rekhi that he should talk to Mrs. Batra and find out if there were any difficuit situations at home that might be affecting her behavior. Mrs. Batra has been married for over 20 years and has no children. Mr. Verma is concerned that Mrs. Batra ought to get help before she suffers a total collapse. Dr. Rekhi promised to do so. Source: Richard M. Hodgetts, Organizational Behaviour, MacMillan Publishing Company, 1991, adopted from "Organizational Behavior", 3
rd
Edition, 2005. Edited by Jit S. Chandan, Published by Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi. a. Given the information above, what social challenges could be affecting Mrs. Batra's work? Justify your answer. (10 marks) b. What steps would you take to assist Mrs. Batra upon realizing that all her problems caused her to burnout?
Based on the information provided, potential social challenges affecting Mrs. Batra's work include work-related stress, work-life balance issues, lack of support, and possible personal issues. To assist her in overcoming burnout, steps should be taken to encourage open communication, provide emotional support, offer resources and solutions, adjust workload and responsibilities, encourage work-life balance, and provide ongoing support and monitoring. These steps should be customized to Mrs. Batra's specific needs and situation.
a. Based on the information provided, there are several social challenges that could be affecting Mrs. Batra's work:
1. Work-related stress: Mrs. Batra's recent promotion to a higher management position may have increased her workload and responsibilities, leading to stress and burnout. The pressure to perform well and meet expectations can take a toll on her mental and emotional well-being.
2. Work-life balance: Mrs. Batra's long tenure at the hospital and her dedication to her job may have resulted in her neglecting her personal life. With no children and a demanding job, she may be struggling to find a balance between her work and personal responsibilities.
3. Lack of support: Although Mrs. Batra has a good rapport with her colleagues and superiors, she may be lacking the necessary support system to cope with the new challenges she is facing. This lack of support can exacerbate her stress and feelings of burnout.
4. Possible personal issues: The suggestion by Mr. Verma to explore if there are any difficult situations at home indicates that there might be personal challenges affecting Mrs. Batra's behavior. While the specific issues are not mentioned, they could be contributing to her change in behavior and performance at work.
It is important to note that these are potential social challenges based on the given information, and a comprehensive understanding of Mrs. Batra's situation would require further investigation and analysis.
b. Upon realizing that all her problems have caused her to burnout, here are some steps that could be taken to assist Mrs. Batra:
1. Encourage open communication: Create a safe and supportive environment where Mrs. Batra feels comfortable discussing her concerns and challenges. Encourage her to share her feelings and experiences to gain a better understanding of the root causes of her burnout.
2. Provide emotional support: Offer empathy and understanding to Mrs. Batra, acknowledging the difficulties she is facing. Show compassion and validate her emotions, which can help alleviate some of the stress and emotional burden she may be carrying.
3. Offer resources and solutions: Provide Mrs. Batra with information on resources available to support her mental and emotional well-being, such as counseling services or stress management workshops. Help her identify coping strategies and develop a plan to address her burnout, such as prioritizing tasks, setting boundaries, and practicing self-care.
4. Adjust workload and responsibilities: Explore options to reduce Mrs. Batra's workload or temporarily redistribute some of her responsibilities to provide her with a period of relief. This can help alleviate the immediate stress and give her an opportunity to recover and regain her balance.
5. Encourage work-life balance: Emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy work-life balance and support Mrs. Batra in finding ways to incorporate personal time and activities into her routine. Encourage her to set boundaries and allocate time for self-care, hobbies, and relaxation.
6. Monitor progress and provide ongoing support: Regularly check in with Mrs. Batra to assess her progress and provide ongoing support. Offer guidance, reassurance, and encouragement as she navigates her recovery process. Consider assigning a mentor or providing access to a support network within the organization.
It is crucial to remember that each individual's situation is unique, and the specific steps taken to assist Mrs. Batra should be tailored to her needs and preferences. Regular evaluation and adjustment of the support provided will be essential to ensure her successful recovery from burnout.
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effects of paracetamol on enzymes involved in the pain
Answer:
vomiting,possibly blood in vomit,muscle spasms,
Explanation:
a nurse is preparing to administer a medication by intravenous piggyback. where will the piggyback container be placed?
A nurse is preparing to administer a medication by intravenous piggyback.
The piggyback container will be attached to the same IV line as the primary intravenous (IV) container.
An intravenous piggyback (IVPB) is a way of immediately injecting medicine or fluid into a patient's circulation through an intravenous line. The IVPB container is hung above the patient's intravenous line and linked to it by a separate connection. The IVPB container is usually a tiny, flexible plastic bag containing a medicine or fluid.
The IVPB container is normally hanging from the same IV pole as the patient's IV line. The IVPB container is positioned above the patient's IV line and is linked to it via a separate connection. Typically, this separate line is a small plastic tube with a valve at one end. The valve regulates the flow rate from the IVPB container to the patient's IV line.
Before inserting the IVPB container, the nurse must check that the IV line is securely attached to the patient and that the connecting line's valve is closed. It is critical to secure the IV line to avoid the IVPB container from being dislodged, which might cause the drug or fluid to reach the patient's circulation too soon.
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Explain why a viral infection cannot be treated with antibiotics.
(Please help)
Answer:
It cannot be treated with antibiotics because they have no direction in which to target the virus itself, The bacteria and viruses doesn't run on the same Mechanism, instead they go very differently when it comes to treating them.
After the nurse administers an adrenergic medication to the client, the nurse would provide which interventions because of the drug’s actions on the body? Select all that apply.
A)
Provide sunglasses to wear.
B)
Increase fluid intake.
C)
Instruct that the drug will increase urge to urinate.
D)
Report bronchoconstriction immediately.
E)
Monitor for abdominal cramping and diarrhea.
Frequent mouthwashing, bowel sound auscultation, and constipation assessment are all recommended for the fry's mucous membranes.
What is adrenergic medication?Drugs in the broad category of "adrenergic medicines" bind to adrenergic receptors found all over the body. These are alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-1, beta-2, and beta-3 receptors. The direct binding of adrenalinergic medications to one or more of these receptors results in a variety of physiological effects.Drugs that act on the adrenal cortex can help raise blood pressure. make blood vessels tighten. decongest the lungs' airways.Sympathomimetic agents and sympatholytic agents are terms used to describe how certain adrenalinergic medicines either cause or block these effects. Medications that lower blood pressure are referred to as beta blockers, often referred to as beta-adrenergic blocking medicines. Epinephrine, often known as adrenaline, is a hormone that beta blockers suppress in order to function.To learn more about adrenergic medication, refer to:
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After the nurse administers an adrenergic medication to the client, the appropriate interventions to provide because of the drug's actions on the body would be A) providing sunglasses to wear, B) increasing fluid intake, and D) reporting bronchoconstriction immediately.
A) Providing sunglasses to wear: Adrenergic medications can cause pupil dilation (mydriasis), making the eyes more sensitive to light. Providing sunglasses can help protect the client's eyes from excessive light and prevent discomfort.
B) Increasing fluid intake: Adrenergic medications can potentially cause fluid retention or dehydration. Encouraging the client to increase fluid intake can help maintain proper hydration and balance in the body.
D) Reporting bronchoconstriction immediately: Adrenergic medications can cause bronchodilation, which is the widening of the airways, allowing more air to flow in and out of the lungs.
However, if the client experiences bronchoconstriction (narrowing of the airways), it can be a sign of an adverse reaction or worsening respiratory condition. The nurse should report this immediately to ensure the client receives appropriate care.
C) Instructing that the drug will increase the urge to urinate and
E) monitoring for abdominal cramping and diarrhea is not a relevant intervention for adrenergic medications, as these drugs do not typically cause these side effects.
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Which of the following patients would be appropriate to help move using a transfer belt?
Ying, a patient with relatively good mobility who is recovering from back surgery
Ivy, a patient with limited mobility who has a feeding tube
Sandra, a patient with limited mobility who is recovering from an abdominal surgery
Paulo, a patient with relatively good mobility who is suffering from the flu
Answer: i think the answer is Ying,a patient with relatively good mobility who is recovering from back surgery.
Explanation:
How did john watson have different view from sigmund freud
Explanation:
John Watson was fascinated by the discoveries of psychoanalysis, but he rejected Freud's central concept of the unconscious as incompatible with behaviorism.
Freud incorporated the concept of the unconscious to explain transference. Watson understood and was intrigued by Freud's definition of sexual transference, but he was searching for an explanation of transference that did not involve the unconscious (Watson & Morgan, 1917)
Answer:
John Watson was fascinated by the discoveries of psychoanalysis, but he rejected Freud's central concept of the unconscious as incompatible with behaviorism. After failing to explain psychoanalysis in terms of William James's concept of habit, Watson borrowed concepts from classical conditioning to explain Freud's discoveries. Watson's famous experiment with Little Albert is interpreted not only in the context of Pavlovian conditioning but also as a psychoanalytically inspired attempt to capture simplified analogues of adult phobic behavior, including the "transference" of emotion in an infant. Watson used his behavioristic concept of conditioned emotional responses to compete with Freud's concepts of displacement and the unconscious transference of emotion. Behind a mask of anti-Freudian bias, Watson surprisingly emerges as a psychologist who popularized Freud and pioneered the scientific appraisal of his ideas in the laboratory.
Explanation:
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Goblet cells and mammary glands are both exocrine glands-how are they similar and how are
they different?
Goblet cells are intestinal mucin-secreting epithelial cells. On the other hand, there are different types of cells in the mammary gland.
The mammary gland cells include epithelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, lymphatic cells and vascular cells.The mammary gland is a specialized organ whose main function is to secrete milk.Goblet cells are intestinal mucosal epithelial cells. The main functions of goblet cells are the synthesis and secretion of mucus on the surface of mucous membranes in the intestine and airways.Goblet cells are the most important cells where nutrient digestion and mucosal absorption take place.Both goblet cells and mammary gland cells are located under epithelial tissue.Both goblet cells and mammary glands are composed of columnar epithelial cells.Goblet cells are simple columnar epithelial cells, whereas mammary glands form acini structures composed of epithelial cells. These acini empty into the ducts, which are covered by columnar epithelial cells.Learn more in:
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The axon:
A.) Is the ending point of the nerve impulse.
B.) Sends neurotransmitters.
C.) Is the main body of the nerve cell.
D.) Receives neurotransmitters.
what is an expected outcome for an adult client with well-controlled asthma?
An expected outcome for an adult client with well-controlled asthma is to have minimal or no symptoms and maintain normal activity levels.
An adult client with well-controlled asthma should experience minimal or no symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. They should be able to maintain normal activity levels without having to use their rescue inhaler. They should also have a good understanding of their triggers and how to avoid them.
An important aspect of well-controlled asthma is being able to manage it with daily controller medications as prescribed by their healthcare provider. With proper management, an adult with well-controlled asthma can live a normal and active life. It's important for them to continue to monitor their symptoms and have regular check-ups with their healthcare provider to ensure they are maintaining good control of their asthma.
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How does physical therapy help with multiple sclerosis?
Physiotherapy to build muscle strength, enhance gait (the way you walk), balance, and coordination are all part of physiotherapy for people with multiple sclerosis.
Causes of MSIn order to keep your mobility and avoid muscle spasms, it also includes stretches. Training in the use of wheelchairs, walkers, and canes is another aspect of physical therapy.Multiple sclerosis has an enigmatic origin. The immune system of the body targets its own tissues in what is known as an immunological mediated illness. With MS, this immune system dysfunction eliminates the fatty substance that covers and shields the nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord (myelin).For more information on multiple sclerosis kindly visit to
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In normal healthy adult, Calculate the Gain of control system of cold temperature if A cold exposure is expected to bring the body temperature down to 20°C but brings it down only to 36.5°C?
Answer:
Increased intraluminal pressure may help maintain vasodilation in a dependent arm even after hypothermia triggers centrally mediated thermoregulatory vasoconstriction. We therefore tested the hypotheses that the threshold (triggering core temperature) and gain (increase in vasoconstriction per degree centigrade) of cold-induced vasoconstriction is reduced in the dependent arm during anesthesia. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.4 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of desflurane in 10 volunteers in the left-lateral position. Mean skin temperature was reduced to 31 degrees C to decrease core body temperature. Fingertip blood flow in both arms was measured, as was core body temperature. The vasoconstriction threshold was slightly, but significantly, less in the dependent arm (36.2 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C, mean +/- SD) than in the upper arm (36.5 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C). However, the gain of vasoconstriction in the dependent arm was 2.3-fold greater than in the upper arm. Consequently, intense vasoconstriction (i.e., a fingertip blood flow of 0.15 mL/min) occurred at similar core temperatures. In the lateral position, the vasoconstriction threshold was reduced in the dependent arm; however, gain was also increased in the dependent arm. The thermoregulatory system may thus recognize that hydrostatic forces reduce the vasoconstriction threshold and may compensate by sufficiently augmenting gain.
Implications: The threshold for cold-induced vasoconstriction is reduced in the dependent arm, but the gain of vasoconstriction is increased. Consequently, the core temperature triggering intense vasoconstriction was similar in each arm, suggesting that the thermoregulatory system compensates for the hydrostatic effects of the lateral position.