what effect does opioid binding have on other neurotransmitters?
Answers
Opioid binding inhibits the release of other neurotransmitters, including substance P, glutamate, and norepinephrine, leading to reduced pain perception and feelings of euphoria.
Opioids work by binding to specific receptors located on neurons in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system, which are involved in pain processing and modulation. When opioids bind to these receptors, they activate a series of biochemical signaling pathways that ultimately result in decreased neurotransmitter release.
This can lead to a reduction in pain sensation, but it can also cause a range of side effects, such as respiratory depression, constipation, and addiction. Understanding the effects of opioid binding on other neurotransmitters is crucial for developing safe and effective pain management strategies.
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Related Questions
how the inner ear is responsible for feeling dizzy?
Answers
Answer:
In turn, the brain tells your body how to stay balanced. If you're on a rollercoaster or a boat that's moving up and down, the fluid in your inner ears might take a while to stop moving. This is why you may feel dizzy for a little while even when you stop moving or are on solid ground. Dizziness caused by the inner ear may feel like a whirling or spinning sensation (vertigo), unsteadiness or lightheadedness and it may be constant or intermittent. It may be aggravated by certain head motions or sudden positional changes.
Explanation:
How do you fix dizziness in the inner ear?
1) Sit on the edge of your bed. Turn your head 45 degrees to the right.
2)Quickly lie down on your left side. Stay there for 30 seconds.
3)Quickly move to lie down on the opposite end of your bed. ...
4) Return slowly to sitting and wait a few minutes.
5) Reverse these moves for the right ear.
Half of the inner ear is used for hearing (the cochlea) and the other half is used for balance (the labyrinth). If the labyrinth or the nerve that connects it to the brain is malfunctioning, dizziness can result.
make a list of social norms being practiced in your family and community
Answers
Answer:
conservation of public properties
respecting senior
love junior
helping person of societies in need.
participating in the religious functions of neighbors.
Make direct eye contact with the person you are speaking with.
Unless the movie theater is crowded, do not sit right next to someone.
Do not stand close enough to a stranger to touch arms or hips.
Physical property is best measured using only balance a: mass b: density c:color d:volume
Answers
Answer:
Color
Explanation:
Property meaning characteristic, it would be color.
Answer:
mass
Explanation:
hope this helps
brainliest plz
What is the arrow pointing to?
hydrogen ion
water
hydroxide ion
proton
hydronium ion
Answers
The arrow points to the hydroxide ion.
What is an ion?
An ion is a specie that is formed by the loss or gain of electrons. Thus any specie that carries a charge whether positive or negative could be called an ion. In this case, we have a system that has three ions in it. The hydrogen ions, the hydroxide ions and the hydronium ions.
As we can see, the red color stands for oxygen, the grey color stands for hydrogen. Looking at the image, we can see that the direction in which the arrow point is a specie that has only red and ash colors thus this corresponds to the hydroxide ion.
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Select the correct answer.
Mangrove trees can only survive in moderately saline water. What are such organisms called?
A. Euryhaline
B. Stenohaline
C. Mesohaline (incorrect)
D. Polyhaline
E. Oligohaline
(I took the test and put C and got it incorrect)
Answers
I believe the answer is A
True or false? the driving force for the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin into tissues is the difference in pco2 levels between the blood and body tissues.
Answers
Answer:
False. The driving for is the partial pressure gradient of O2 (PO2 difference), not the PCO2 gradient.
However, keep in mind that an increase in PCO2 can facilitate the unbinding of oxygen from hemoglobin. This is due to a decrease in pH associated with PCO2 increase. The H+ ions bind to hemoglobin and decrease it's affinity for oxygen, this is called the bohr effect. But the PCO2 is not the main driving force of oxygen unbinding.
Can someone please help me for questions 2
Answers
do nucleotide bonds dehydrate plants? i just need a yes or no answer
Answers
Answer:
no
Explanation:
idk
What is hypothesis (full explanation no copy right)
Answers
Which best explains why a satellite accelerates?
It is always changing direction.
It is constantly slowed by gravity.
It does not have forces acting on it.
It is weightless when it is in orbit.
Answers
I need 17,20, and 21 if anyone can please help!!!!!
Answers
Complete dominance occurs when one allele completely masks the expression of the other allele in a heterozygous individual.
On the other hand, co-dominance occurs when both alleles are expressed in a heterozygous individual. This means that neither allele is dominant or recessive, and both contribute to the phenotype. For example, in the case of blood type, the A and B alleles are both expressed in heterozygous individuals, resulting in the AB blood type.
What is complete dominance?This means that the dominant allele is always expressed, and the recessive allele is only expressed when two copies are present. For example, in the case of flower color, the dominant allele for red flowers will always produce red flowers in heterozygous individuals, while the recessive allele for white flowers will only produce white flowers when two copies are present.
Both complete dominance and co-dominance are used to understand how traits are inherited and expressed in offspring. Punnett squares, for example, can be used to predict the probability of certain genotypes and phenotypes in the offspring of two individuals.
The Punnett square for TtYy x ttyy would be:
T t
Y TY Ty
y tY ty
The phenotypes for this square would be:
50% TtYy (tall with yellow color)
50% ttyy (short with green color)
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Explain complete dominance and co-dominance and how they are used.
20. Do this Punnett Square TtYy x ttyy. T- tall t- short Y-Yellow y-Green. Give the phenotype for the square.
Toward the end of the film, the narrator says, "the pringle lab's work reminds us that ecological communities are profoundly interconnected. " using sentences, describe three specific examples of the interconnectedness of the organisms found in gorongosa national park
Answers
Termites facilitating the growth of specialized plants growing on their mounds by supplying the essential nutrients to ecosystem is an example of pringle lab's work.
The organisms in an ecosystem are interlinked. There exists a symbiotic relationship between different animals. Therefore, any external disturbance affecting one particular organism may have a cascading effect on other animals and disturbs the balance of an ecosystem. For example, termites facilitating the growth of specialized plants growing on their mounds by supplying the essential nutrients.
Ecosystems directly or indirectly assist people or improve societal welfare as they carry out their functions. For instance, mangrove forests offer ecosystem services that are extremely significant in terms of the environment, ecology, and economy (Semesi and Howell, 1992). They serve as a sink trap to filter pollutants from run-off water and serve as nurseries for a variety of marine animals, restoring essential fish stocks (Paw, Chua and Guarin, 1991; Kimani et al., 1996; Semesi and Howell, 1992). Additionally, they serve as a coastal barrier against wave action and bad weather, considerably lowering erosion and protecting shorelines from storms or tsunamis (Ellison, 2008; Danielsen et al., 2005)
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7. suppose a scientist discovers a gene that he believes promotes pluripotency. how could he test this possibility?
Answers
suppose a scientist discovers a gene that he believes promotes pluripotency. he could test this possibility by depleting it from the somatic nucleus to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes less efficient
What is Pluripotency?The capacity of some substances to elicit a variety of unique biological reactions is referred to as the pluripotency of biological molecules. As with pluripotent stem cells' ability to differentiate into several cell types, pluripotent is also used to denote something that has no predetermined developmental potential.
What makes anything pluripotent?A term with several "potentials" is plural. In other words, these cells have the capacity to transform into all more than 200 different cell types in the body. Both induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are reprogrammed from adult tissues, and embryonic stem cells are pluripotent.
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Complete question:
Suppose a scientist discovers a gene that he believes promotes pluripotency. How could he test this possibility?
a. Transduce it into somatic cells with Oct4, Sox2, c-myc, and Klf4 to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes more efficient
b. In a somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment, deplete it from enucleated eggs to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes less efficient
c. In a somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment, deplete it from the somatic nucleus to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes less efficient
d. In a somatic cell nuclear transfer experiment, deplete it from enucleated eggs to see if nuclear reprogramming becomes more efficient
e. Two of the above answers are correct
when two kinds of organisms live together for prolonged periods in close physical contact that is mutually beneficial, this relationship is referred to as symbiosis.
Answers
Answer: When two kinds of organisms live together for prolonged periods in close physical contact that is mutually beneficial, this relationship is referred to as symbiosis. Symbiosis is a term used to describe the connection between two or more different species that live together. The connection can be advantageous, harmful, or non-consequential, and it can be short-term or long-term.
The term symbiosis is used to describe a wide range of interactions between different species, from mutualistic to parasitic. Symbiotic relationships exist between a range of different species, including animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria.
Symbiosis is a type of interaction between two species that live together in a close relationship. The association can be beneficial or harmful to one or both organisms, or it can be neutral, with neither partner affected by the relationship. Symbiotic relationships are divided into three categories: mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
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Osmosis is the diffusion of water from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.True or False
Answers
The osmosis is the process which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a solution less concentrated into a more concentrated to balance the concentrations in the environments. Therefore, the sentence is true about the osmosis process.
Within the troposphere, as altitude increases, temperature a osculates b. decreases C. increases d. stays constant
Answers
Answer:
Hello! I believe this is your answer:
A. Decreases
Hope this helps, sorry if it's wrong!
Explanation:
PLEASE HELPPP ASAP> NO LINK OR UNRELATED ANSWERS
The Human Body in Space
NASA monitors the bodies of animals and humans to see how they react to extended periods in space. When the body is in space, it no longer has the strong pull of Earth’s gravity on it. Because the body’s systems normally function in the presence of gravity, NASA has been studying the effects of weightlessness on the body.
Weightlessness Takes a Toll
On Earth, the heart naturally pumps blood more forcefully to the upper body than to the lower body, where gravity helps the blood flow down. In space, the heart continues to pump the blood more forcefully to the upper body, but the balancing force of gravity does not pull the blood to the lower body. This uneven blood flow causes astronauts’ faces to become puffy and their lower bodies to become thin.
The shape of the spine also changes in space. Without the force of gravity pushing the vertebrae closer together, the spine stretches out and causes pain in some cases.
Another system affected in space is the body’s balancing system. To balance itself, the brain acquires information from the eyes, muscles and tendons, and a set of sensors (called the vestibular apparatus) in the inner ear. In space, the only balancing information that can be relied on enters through the eyes, so astronauts have difficulty moving around.
The most serious problem for astronauts, however, is bone loss. In space, the bones lose minerals, such as calcium, potassium, and sodium. The bone loss in the legs can be as high as ten percent, and even exercise does not completely solve the problem.
Laboratory in Space
With the completion of the International Space Station (ISS), NASA will be able to study some of the effects of long-term exposure to weightlessness. NASA also plans to expand its studies to better understand how the immune system is affected and how radiation, which is much greater in space,
affects humans. Radiation can pose serious health threats, including cancer and neurological damage.
Because people working together on the ISS will be in small spaces for long periods of time, NASA also plans to study how working in confined spaces affects astronauts’ personalities.
Infer What does NASA expect to gain by studying the effects of long-term space travel on the human body?
Answers
Answer:
Knowledge gained during the early years of human spaceflight indicated an adaptation to the new environment. While the empirical evidence was limited, the biomedical data indicated that microgravity alters the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and neurosensory systems.
Which of the following has a much lower concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than in cerebral capillary blood?
a) Na+
b) K+
c) Osmolarity
d) Protein
Please Explain
Answers
Protein concentration is the component that has a much lower concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) than in cerebral capillary blood. Option D is correct.
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the clear, colorless fluid which surrounds the brain as well as spinal cord. It plays essential roles in providing mechanical protection, buoyancy, and nutrient supply to the central nervous system. CSF is derived from plasma (the liquid component of blood) through a specialized barrier called the blood-brain barrier.
The blood-brain barrier limits the movement of various substances, including ions and large molecules such as proteins, from the bloodstream into the CSF. It is highly selective and tightly regulates the composition of CSF to maintain optimal brain function.
Hence, D. is the correct option.
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Some individuals in a particular species of butterfly display coloration that mimics that of a different, poisonous butterfly species living in the same habitat. Place the elements in order to model what may happen to the first butterfly species if the poisonous butterfly species is removed from the habitat. a. Predators will eat butterflies with mimicking coloration more often than before. b. The proportion of individuals in the population with mimicking coloration will decrease. c. The pressure on predators to avoid eating poisonous butterflies will decrease. d. The survival advantage for mimicking butterflies will decrease.
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What is the diaphragm and what is its role in respiration?
Answers
Diaphragm is the major muscle of inspiration and expiration.
It is located below the lungs which has a dome shape.
At the time of Inspiration it contracts which increases pulmonary volume and reduces the intrapulmonary pressure to less than the atmospheric pressure so that air moves into the lungs.
At the time of expiration , diaphragm relaxes which reduces the pulmonary volume increasing the intrapulmonary pressure more than the atmospheric pressure which leads to expulsion of air from the lungs.
true or false: binary fission is considered asexual reproduction. if false, make it a correct statement.
Answers
This statement is true because Bacteria and other prokaryotes lack membrane-bound nuclei like the nucleus. The prokaryotic DNA is reproduced before binary fission so that each of the prokaryotic progeny.
Why is binary fission?Binary fission is a kind of asexual reproduction in biology where a group consists of two sister chromatids, each of which has the capacity to increase in size to that of the original cell. Asexual refers to a type of reproduction that doesn't need sex cells (gametes).
Which living things employ binary fission?Simple cell division into two is known as binary fission. It is mostly used by prokaryotic species like bacteria and archaea. However, certain eukaryotic protists also utilise it. Asexual reproduction known as binary fission produces children that are dna clones of their parents.
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Does anyone know what is the answer
Answers
I know this because i took it last year
Answer:
A. The answer is a plate tectonics
The drug oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase by preventing protons from flowing through the enzyme. Oligomycin must bind to the __________ of ATP synthase.
Answers
Oligomycin binds specifically to the F0 subunit of ATP synthase, which forms the transmembrane channel through which protons flow, thus blocking the proton transport needed to generate ATP.
Oligomycin is an antibiotic that inhibits oxidative phosphorylation by targeting the ATP synthase enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for synthesizing ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) using the proton motive force generated by the electron transport chain. The F0 subunit consists of several components, including subunit a, which forms the channel, and subunits b, d, F6, and OSCP, which are involved in proton translocation and binding.
In summary, oligomycin inhibits ATP synthase by binding to the F0 subunit, specifically the interface between subunit a and subunit c, which prevents the flow of protons through the enzyme and thereby inhibits ATP synthesis.
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Which of the following correctly compares fermentation and cellular respiration?
Question 20 options:
Cellular respiration produces more ATP molecules than fermentation.
Both provide ATP molecules, but only fermentation occurs when oxygen is present.
Both result in substantial ATP molecules and lactic acid production.
Cellular respiration provides ATP molecules at a slower rate than fermentation.
Answers
Answer:
NO SORRY I DONT KNOW
Explanation:
a rectangular room is 10 M long and 7.5 M wide the cost of covering the floor with carpet 1.25 m wide at two Both provide ATP molecules, but only fermentation occurs when oxygen is present.
250 per metre
Use the scenario to answer the question
Scientists have found one new fossil that is similar to Archaeopteryx. It is only the second fossil of its kind. It shows an animal that had a long-
feathered tail and small teeth, like non-avian dinosaurs. But the animal also had flight feathers and wings, like modem birds. The fossil also shows
a fused clavicle bone, which confirms the relationship between birds and dinosaurs because they are the only two groups with this characteristic.
What is true about this scenario?
It shows evidence of evolution
It shows evidence of climate change.
It shows evidence of widespread expression
It shows evidence of causation
Answers
Know what an electromagnetic field is and how it is produced
Answers
Answer:
They are generated by natural phenomena like Earth's magnetic field and also by human activitys, mainly through the use of electronics. Electric magnetic field are a combination of invisible electric and magnetic fields of force
which of these are industrial uses for synthesized ga? multiple select question. increasing yield of sugarcane increasing the size of seedless grapes increasing the length of celery petioles killing a variety of monocot weeds in agricultural settings tightening the clusters on grape vines, so that air does not get between the fruit and cause problems
Answers
Industrial uses for synthesized GA (Gibberellic acid) include increasing the length, yield, and size of the crops. Thus, options a, b, and c are correct.
Yield is increased by using synthesized GA in the form of Gibberellic acid, which helps promote cell elongation, fruit enlargement, and better seed formation.
The use of synthetic GA in the agriculture industry is beneficial in many ways as it helps in enhancing the growth of crops and increases productivity.
There are several industrial uses of synthesized GA. They include:
a. Increasing yield of sugarcane
b. Increasing the size of seedless grapes problems
c. Increasing the length of celery petioles
They are not involved in killing monocot weeds and tightening the clusters on grape vines.
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Near the nipple, each lactiferous duct enlarges, forming an expanded structure called a:
a. secretory alveoli.
b. pectoral fat pad.
c. lactiferous sinus.
d. lobule.
Answers
Near the nipple, each lactiferous duct enlarges, forming an expanded structure called a c. lactiferous sinus.
This structure is responsible for holding milk until it is ejected from the breast during lactation. It is located within the breast and connects the ducts to the nipple. The lactiferous sinus is lined with milk-secreting cells called secretory alveoli. These cells produce and store milk until it is ready to be released through the nipple.
The lobules, which are small divisions within the breast tissue, contain the secretory alveoli and ducts that lead to the lactiferous sinus. Pectoral fat pad, on the other hand, is a layer of adipose tissue that lies beneath the breast and supports it. Understanding the anatomy and physiology of the breast is essential for the diagnosis and management of breast diseases and conditions. So therefore the corrcet answer is c. lactiferous sinus.
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how is it possible for a bound nucleus to have less mass than its constituent parts?
Answers
A nucleus must have less rest energy than the nucleons it is formed of if protons and neutrons (also known as nucleons) are bound together in it.
Why does the mass of the nucleus differ from the mass of its components?The mass of the protons and neutrons that make up an atomic nucleus is always smaller than the nucleus' actual mass. Energy is released during the formation of a nucleus. The removal of this energy manifests as a decrease in total mass.
What causes a nucleus to be lighter?Protons and neutrons comprise atomic nuclei (or nucleons). A nucleus' total mass is lower than the sum of the masses of its nucleons. According to Einstein's mass-energy connection, E=mc2, the mass lost when a composite nucleus is produced from nucleons is converted into energy.
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Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of ______.A. tularemia.B. pertussis.C. Legionellosis.D. brucellosis.E. shigellosis.
Answers
Rabbits and rodents are the reservoirs of the causative agent of tularemia. Hence the orrect answer is A. tularemia.
Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.
Rabbits and rodents, such as mice and voles, are the primary reservoirs for this bacterium in nature.
They can harbor the bacteria and act as a source of infection for other animals, including humans.
Tularemia can be transmitted to humans through various routes, such as direct contact with infected animals, inhalation of contaminated aerosols, ingestion of contaminated water or food, or through the bites of certain vectors like ticks and deer flies.
Although humans can acquire tularemia from different sources, rabbits and rodents play a significant role in maintaining the bacteria in the environment.
It is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with handling or coming into contact with rabbits and rodents, as they can carry infectious agents that can cause diseases such as tularemia.
Taking appropriate precautions, such as using protective measures when handling these animals or avoiding contact with their waste, can help reduce the risk of transmission.
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