what is meant by variation? talk briefly about different
statistical tools

Answers

Answer 1

Variation refers to the amount of change or diversity present in a set of data. This is an essential concept in statistics because it helps to measure the amount of uncertainty or error that exists in a data set. In other words, variation provides information about how much the data varies from the central tendency.

There are several types of variation: the range, variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Each of these measures has its specific use, and they can help to provide more insights into a data set.

The range is the difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set. It is a simple measure of variation that is easy to calculate, but it has the disadvantage of being highly sensitive to outliers.

Variance and standard deviation are measures of the spread of data around the mean. Variance measures the average squared deviation from the mean, while standard deviation measures the average deviation from the mean. These measures are widely used in statistics to quantify the amount of variation in a data set.

Finally, the coefficient of variation is a measure of the relative variability of a data set. It is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean and is often used to compare the variability of different data sets.

In summary, variation is an essential concept in statistics that helps to measure the amount of uncertainty or error that exists in a data set. There are several tools that statisticians use to quantify variation, including the range, variance, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation.

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Related Questions

Write the equation of the line in slope - intercept form

Write the equation of the line in slope - intercept form

Answers

The equation of line in slope-intercept form is y = 2x + 1

Q. What is Equation of line ?

 A straight line's general equation is y = mx + b, where m denotes the   gradient or slope and y = b denotes the point at which the line crosses the y-axis. On the y-axis, this value b is referred to as the intercept.

We know the equation of line is

y = mx + b

where,

m = slope

b = y - intercept

To form an equation we need to find 'b' and 'm'.

so, first find 'b' i.e, y - intercept

For that, you just need to see the red line cuts the y-axis at its sharp grid means not in middle of the grid.

So, by observing the graph we see y = 1 where the red line cuts the y-axis

so we get, b = 1 means y-intercept

Now, we need to find slope (m).

For that, we know slope = rise / run

So take any point on graph which is easily to recognize the (x,y) points on graph.

Here I take the point (2, 5).

Now mark that point and find rise and run values.

rise = 4 (count from y = 1 to y = 5 )

run = 2 (count from x = 0 to x = 2)

Now, put the values and get the slope.

slope (m) = 4 / 2

               = 2

Now, put the y-intercept and slope values in equation of line .

y = mx + b

y = 2x + 1

Hence, the equation of line in slope-intercept form is y = 2x + 1

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. as the statistical consultant to ahmadi, what would you advise them? use a .05 level of significance.

Answers

My advice to Ahmadi would be to approach their statistical analysis with care and to consider all aspects of their data and results, not just the significance level. By doing so, they can ensure that their findings are valid, reliable, and meaningful.

As the statistical consultant to Ahmadi, my advice would be to proceed with caution and carefully analyze their data before making any conclusions. The use of a significance level of .05 is a common practice in statistical analysis, but it should not be used as the sole criterion for decision-making.
To begin with, Ahmadi should ensure that their data is reliable and accurate. They should review their data collection methods and procedures to ensure that they are free from bias and error. They should also consider the sample size and make sure that it is large enough to provide a representative sample of their population.
Once they have established the validity of their data, Ahmadi should then conduct a thorough statistical analysis. They should choose appropriate statistical tests based on the nature of their data and research question. They should also be mindful of any assumptions that underlie their tests and make sure that those assumptions are met.
When interpreting their results, Ahmadi should not rely solely on the p-value or significance level. They should also consider the effect size, which provides a measure of the magnitude of the effect they are studying. They should also consider the practical significance of their results and whether they have any real-world implications.
Finally, Ahmadi should be transparent about their statistical methods and results. They should clearly report their methods and results in their publications and presentations so that others can evaluate and replicate their findings.
In summary, my advice to Ahmadi would be to approach their statistical analysis with care and to consider all aspects of their data and results, not just the significance level. By doing so, they can ensure that their findings are valid, reliable, and meaningful.

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the life of an electric component has an exponential distribution with a mean of 10 years. what is the probability that a randomly selected one such component has a life more than 7 years?

Answers

The probability is 0.4647.

What is probability?Probability is the branch of mathematics that deals with numerical descriptions of the likelihood of an event occurring or the likelihood of a statement being true.The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1, with approximately 0 indicating the improbability of the event and 1 indicating certainty. The higher the probability of an event, the more likely  the event will occur. A simple example is  tossing  a fair coin. Both outcomes are equally likely because the coin is fair. The probability of heads or tails is 1/2. These concepts are an axiomatic mathematical formalization of probability theory that is widely used in research fields such as statistics, mathematics, science, finance, gambling, artificial intelligence, machine learning, computer science, game theory, and philosophy. Infer the expected frequency from the event. Probability theory is also used to explain the underlying dynamics and laws of complex systems.

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Plsss helpppp worth 100 points + other 2 questions

1. The following sinusoid is plotted below. Complete the following steps to model the curve using the cosine function. (1st picture)

a) What is the phase shift, c, of this curve?
b) What is the vertical shift, d, of this curve?
c) What is the amplitude, a, of this curve?
d) What is the period and the frequency factor, b, of this curve?
e) Write an equation using the cosine function that models this data set.

2. The following points are a minimum and a maximum of a sinusoid. Complete the following steps to model the curve using the sine function.
(4.5, 2), (1.5, 22)
a) What is the vertical shift, d, of this curve?
b) What is the amplitude, a, of this curve?
c) What is period and the frequency factor, b, of this curve?
d) Write an equation using the sine function that models this curve.

Plsss helpppp worth 100 points + other 2 questions1. The following sinusoid is plotted below. Complete

Answers

Answer:

1.)

A.) phase shift is c = 6  

B.) Vertical shift is 21 units down  

C.) The amplitude is 5 from the midline at y = -21  

D.) The period is 16 and the frequency factor is pi/8  

E.) 5 cos(pi/8(x - 6)) - 21

2.)

Answer:

A.) Vertical shift is 12 units down

B.) The amplitude is 10

C.) The period is 6 and the frequency factor is pi/3

D.) Equation: y = 10sin(pi/3(x)) + 12

Answer:

1.)

A.) phase shift is c = 6  

B.) Vertical shift is 21 units down  

C.) The amplitude is 5 from the midline at y = -21  

D.) The period is 16 and the frequency factor is pi/8  

E.) 5 cos(pi/8(x - 6)) - 21

2.)

Answer:

A.) Vertical shift is 12 units down

B.) The amplitude is 10

C.) The period is 6 and the frequency factor is pi/3

D.) Equation: y = 10sin(pi/3(x)) + 12

Step-by-step explanation:

For a result to be considered _____, the chances of its occurring as a result of random error are often less than 5 percent.

Answers

For a result to be considered significant, the chances of its occurring as a result of random error are often less than 5 percent.

What is Random error?

A coincidental discrepancy between the observed and true values of anything is known as a random error (e.g., a researcher misreading a weighing scale records an incorrect measurement).

It's not always a mistake when there is random error; rather, it happens when measurements are made. Even when you measure the same item repeatedly, there will always be some variation in your results because to changes in the environment, the instrument, or your own perceptions.

Your measurements are equally likely to be greater or lower than the genuine values due to random error, which has unexpected effects.

According to the given data,

For a result to be considered significant, the chances of its occurring as a result of random error are often less than 5 percent.

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I need help with this​

I need help with this

Answers

icoycpfupyc too itx crop yc oh

Assume the distribution of IQ scores for adults can be modeled with a normal distribution with a mean score of 100 points and a standard deviation of 10 points. 30% of adults will have an IQ score higher than what value?

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

Use z-score table to find the z-score that corresponds to .7000   ( 70%)

approx   .525   s.d.  above the mean

  .525  * 10 =  5.25  points above 100   = 105.25

(a) select one of the pairs of systems and write down its number. (b) for the pair selected, identify each system and state one function of that system. (c) explain how the two systems work together to help maintain homeostasis in an individual.

Answers

a. Pair 2 is selected.

b. Respiratory system, its function is to breathe. Digestive system, its function is to break down food into nutrients.

c. The two systems work together by sharing the region of the mouth and upper throat.

First picture in Pair 2 is Respiratory system, which its function is to breathe. Second picture in Pair 2 is Digestive system, which its function is to break down food into nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The respiratory system takes in oxygen from the air, and also gets rid of carbon dioxide. The digestive system absorbs water and nutrients from the food we consume.

How does the respiratory system and the digestive system work together?

The respiratory system is mainly used to transport air, whilst the digestive system is used to transport fluids and solids, from water and food we eat. The respiratory and the digestive systems share the area of the mouth and upper throat, in which air, fluids, and solids can be mixed.

The digestive system does homeostasis by ensuring that the stomach area has the right pH balance. The body uses both positive and negative mechanisms to perform homeostasis. If the body detects an imbalance, the other systems work together to counterbalance and restore the right equilibrium.

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(a) select one of the pairs of systems and write down its number. (b) for the pair selected, identify

What is the freezing point in c of a 0.33 m aqueous solution of Na2so3

Answers

The freezing point of a 0.33 m aqueous solution of Na₂SO₃ is -0.077 °C.

To find the freezing point of a solution, we can use the formula:

ΔTf = Kf · m

where ΔTf is the change in freezing point, Kf is the freezing point depression constant (for water, Kf = 1.86 °C/m), and m is the molality of the solution (in moles of solute per kilogram of solvent).

First, we need to calculate the molality of the solution:

m = moles of solute / mass of solvent (in kg)

We are given that the solution is 0.33 m, which means there are 0.33 moles of Na₂SO₃ per kilogram of water. The molar mass of Na₂SO is:

2 Na + 1 S + 3 O = 2(23.0 g/mol) + 32.1 g/mol + 3(16.0 g/mol) = 126.0 g/mol

So, 0.33 moles of Na₂SO₃ is equal to:

0.33 mol × 126.0 g/mol = 41.6 g

Since we have 1 kg of water, the mass of the solvent is 1000 g. Therefore, the molality of the solution is:

m = 41.6 g / 1000 g = 0.0416 mol/kg

Now, ΔTf = Kf · m = (1.86 °C/m) · (0.0416 mol/kg) = 0.077 °C

freezing point = 0 °C - ΔTf = 0 °C - 0.077 °C = -0.077 °C

Therefore, the freezing point of a 0.33 m aqueous solution of Na₂SO₃ is -0.077 °C.

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Answer: -1.84

Step-by-step explanation:

3x1.86x0.33=1.84

0.00-1.84= -1.84

late answer but hope it helps someone!

help please please please

help please please please

Answers

Answer:1152 miles

Step-by-step explanation: we know he can drive 384 in 6 hours so if we multiply 6 by 3 its 18 so we must multiply 384 by 3 and the answer would be 1152

1152 miles would be your answer

how to solve (s + 5)(s - 5)

Answers

Answer:s^2-25

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

you would have to multiply so,

s*s is s^2

s*-5 is -5s

s*5 is 5s

5*-5 is -25

the final answer would be s^2-25 (-5s and 5s cancel each other out)

hope this helped!!

In the number 2,222. 222, what is the difference between the 2 in the tens place and the 2 in the column to its left?.

Answers

The difference between the 2 in the tens place and 2 to its left column in the given number 2,222.222 is 180.

According to the number system, a number can be written in its expanded form according to their pace value in the chart.

2,222.222 can be written as 2×1000+2×100+2×10+2X1+2×1/10+2×1/100+2×1/1000

The place value of 2 in the tens place in given number 2,222.222 = 20

The place value of 2 in its left column in the given number 2,222.22  = 200

Difference between the place of 2 in tens place and 2 in its left column

= 200 - 20

= 180

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True or false: The Triangle Angle Sum Theorem can be used to determine if three given angles form a triangle, but it cannot be used to determine a missing angle of a triangle given the other two angle measures.
A.) This statement is false. The Triangle Angle Sum Theorem cannot be used to determine if three given angles form a triangle.

B.)This statement is true.

C.)This statement is false. The Triangle Angle Sum Theorem can be used to determine a missing angle of a triangle given the other two angle measures, but not to determine if three given angles form a triangle.

D.)This statement is false. The Triangle Angle Sum Theorem can also be used to determine a missing angle of a triangle given the other two angle measures.

Answers

Answer:

D.

Step-by-step explanation:

This statement is false using the triangle angle sum theorem you can determine if three angles make a triangle and what the missing angle is when given two angle measures

I am a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides always parallel. Who am I?
(square, rhombus, rectangle, parallelogram, kite, isosceles trapezoid, trapezoid)

Answers

A quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides always parallel is a  parallelogram. A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides that are always parallel.

It is a special type of quadrilateral because its properties allow it to be manipulated in unique ways. For example, if one angle of a parallelogram is a right angle, it becomes a rectangle. If all four sides are congruent, it becomes a rhombus. If both pairs of opposite sides are congruent, it becomes a square.

If only one pair of opposite sides is congruent, it becomes a kite. And if it has two parallel sides that are not congruent, it becomes an isosceles trapezoid. A trapezoid also has two pairs of opposite sides, but they are not always parallel. Therefore, it cannot be the answer to this question. Overall, the parallelogram is a versatile shape with unique properties that make it an important concept in geometry.

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How do you solve longest side?

Answers

Let the other two sides of a triangle = a, b and the angle between them be A
The cosine rule tells us
The third side (or c lets say):
c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab•cos(A)

A farmer wants to build an enclosure to keep her sheep safe. The fencing comes in 1-meter segments. She has 300 segments available. What are the dimensions that maximize the area of her enclosure under the following constraints:

She wants a rectangular area enclosed.

She wants a rectangular area enclosed, and only needs to fence three sides, since the fourth side is bounded by a straight river.

Answers

The farmer wants a rectangular area enclosed and only needs a fence on three sides then the dimensions for the maximum area, the length will be 150 meters and the width will be 75 meters.

Given,

In the question:

A farmer wants to build an enclosure to keep her sheep safe. The fencing comes in 1-meter segments. She has 300 segments available.

To find the dimensions that maximize the area of her enclosure

Now, According to the question:

Let the width of the rectangle is x.

For both sides, it will be 2x.

So, the length will be,

(300 - 2x)

For maximum area,

A(x) = 300x - 2x²

A'(x) = 300 - 4x

Critical point A'(x) = 0

300 - 4x = 0

4x = 300

x = 75

So, the width of the rectangle is 75 meters and,

length  = (300 - 2x)

length = 300 -150

length = 150 meters.

Hence, The farmer wants a rectangular area enclosed and only needs a fence on three sides then the dimensions for the maximum area, the length will be 150 meters and the width will be 75 meters.

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Steve by step please ​

Steve by step please

Answers

Answer:

90

Step-by-step explanation:

So, you need to calculate both of the areas of the shapes and then subtract them.

so, 9×12=108

and

3×6=18

108-18=90

Answer:

90

Step-by-step explanation:

area of the big rectangle

minus

the area of the small rectangle

108 - 18 = 90

What is the answer to
Graph y=−x−2.

Answers

this is the answer is -10 not sure tho

14. The nth term of a quadratic sequence is n²+ 3n-2
(a) Find the fourth term of this sequence.
Here are the first five terms of a different quadratic sequence.
1, 7, 17, 31, 49
(b) Find, in terms of n, an expression for the nth term of this sequence.

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

14a)

the 4th term = 4² + 3×4 - 2 = 16 + 12 - 2 = 26

b)

1, 7, 17, 31, 49

s1 = 1

s2 = s1 + 6

s3 = s2 + 10

s4 = s3 + 14

s5 = s4 + 18

the added term d grows with every step by 4. starting with a constant "+ 2" on top of -1 to create s1.

d1 = 2

d2 = d1 + 4

d3 = d2 + 4

dn = dn-1 + 4 = d1 + 4(n-1)

s1 = -1 + d1

s2 = s1 + d2 = -1 + d1 + d1 + 4

s3 = s2 + d3 = -1 + d1 + d1 + 4 + d1 + 4 + 4

s4 = s3 + d4 = -1 + d1 + d1 + 4 + d1 + 4 + 4 + d1 + 4 + 4 + 4

sn = -1 + n×d1 + sum(4(n - 1)) = -1 + 2n + 4n(n - 1)/2 =

= -1 + 2n + 2n(n - 1) = -1 + 2n(1 + n - 1) = -1 + 2n² =

= 2n² - 1

Need help with #3, 4, 5

Need help with #3, 4, 5

Answers

For the following examples:

3. It will cost $485.63 for David to refill his truck.4. The cost of concrete needed for the driveway is $918.14.5. Total cost of the top soil Susan needs is $264.45 from Holland Growers and $254.36 from Night Growers.

How to determine cost and quantity?

3. Dave's truck has a fuel capacity of 180 US gallons, but it is only one-quarter full, which means he needs 3/4 of 180 gallons = 135 gallons of diesel fuel.

To convert gallons to liters, multiply by 3.78541 (1 gallon = 3.78541 liters).

So Dave needs 135 gallons x 3.78541 liters/gallon = 511.66535 liters of diesel fuel.

The cost of diesel fuel is 94.9 C per liter, so the total cost for Dave to refill his truck is 511.66535 liters x 94.9 C/liter = $485.63.

4. To determine the volume of concrete Greg will need for his driveway, we first convert the dimensions to meters:

20 feet = 6.096 meters, 36 feet = 10.9728 meters, and 4 inches = 0.1016 meters.

Then use the formula for the volume of a rectangular solid: volume = length x width x height.

So the volume of concrete needed for Greg's driveway is 6.096 meters x 10.9728 meters x 0.1016 meters = 6.801 cubic meters.

The cost of the concrete is $135 per cubic meter, so the total cost for the concrete that he will need for his driveway is 6.801 cubic meters x $135/cubic meter = $918.14.

5. The volume of each planting box is 48 inches x 24 inches x 18 inches = 20736 cubic inches.

To convert cubic inches to cubic yards, divide by 46656 (1 cubic yard = 46656 cubic inches).

So each planter box requires 20736 cubic inches / 46656 cubic inches/cubic yard = 0.44444 cubic yards of potting soil.

Susan needs to build 35 planting boxes, so she will need 35 x 0.44444 cubic yards = 15.5554 cubic yards of potting soil.

Holland Growers charges $17 per cubic yard of potting soil, so the cost from them will be 15.5554 cubic yards x $17/cubic yard = $264.45.

Night Growers charges $21.50 per cubic meter of potting soil, which is equivalent to $16.34 per cubic yard (1 cubic meter = 1.30795 cubic yards).

So the cost from Night Growers will be 15.5554 cubic yards x $16.34/cubic yard = $254.36.

Therefore, the total cost of the topsoil she needs from each supplier is $264.45 from Holland Growers and $254.36 from Night Growers.

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Solve the following:
32 ÷ 4 + 4 x 8 = ?
A. 42
B. 32
C. 96
D. 40

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation: 40 see attachment

2. What is the slope. Make sure you reduce

2. What is the slope. Make sure you reduce

Answers

Answer:-4/5

Step-by-step explanation:

(3,3)

(-2,-1)

Y2-y1/x2-x1

3- (-1)/ -2 -3

4/-5

Answer:

4 over 5 (4/5)

Step-by-step explanation:

Its extremely simple. You need to start from the lower point, and count up until you get to the same lime as the other point. Starting from the lower point, you count up 4 to get on the same line. Then, since its on the right, you count to the right 5, till you get to the dot, and you get 4/5. All you have to do is just count

With Alpha set to .05, would we reduce the probability of a Type
I Error by increasing our sample size? Why or why not? How does
increasing sample size affect the probability of Type II Error?

Answers

With Alpha set to .05, increasing the sample size would not directly reduce the probability of a Type I error. The probability of a Type I error is determined by the significance level (Alpha) and remains constant regardless of the sample size.

However, increasing the sample size can indirectly affect the probability of a Type I error by increasing the statistical power of the test. With a larger sample size, it becomes easier to detect a statistically significant difference between groups, reducing the likelihood of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis (Type I error).

Increasing the sample size generally decreases the probability of a Type II error, which is failing to reject a false null hypothesis. With a larger sample size, the test becomes more sensitive and has a higher likelihood of detecting a true effect if one exists, reducing the likelihood of a Type II error. However, it's important to note that other factors such as the effect size, variability, and statistical power also play a role in determining the probability of a Type II error.

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Find the area of the region bounded by the graphs 4 of f(x) = sin x and g(x) = cos (2x) on t [%, **] t

Answers

The area of the region bounded by \(f(x) = sin x\) and \(g(x) = cos (2x)\) on the interval [%, **] is \(4 [(1/2)sin(2**) + cos(**)] - 4 [(1/2)sin(2%) + cos(%)]\).

To find the area of the region bounded by the graphs of \(f(x) = sin x\)and \(g(x) = cos (2x)\) on the interval [%, ], we need to first find the points of intersection between the two functions.

Setting \(sin x = cos (2x)\), we can simplify this equation using the identity cos \((2x) = 1 - 2sin^2(x)\), giving us:

\(sin x = 1 - 2sin^2(x)\)

Rearranging and factoring, we get:

\(2sin^2(x) + sin x - 1 = 0\)

Using the quadratic formula, we can solve for sin x:

sin x = (-1 ± sqrt(5)) / 4

Since we are only interested in solutions on the interval [%, ], we can discard the negative solution and use:

sin x = (-1 + sqrt(5)) / 4

Now that we have found the points of intersection, we can integrate to find the area between the two curves. Since cos (2x) is an even function, its graph is symmetric about the y-axis.

Therefore, we only need to consider the area in the first quadrant and multiply by 4 to get the total area.

The integral for the area is given by:

A = 4 ∫[%, ] (cos(2x) - sin(x)) dx

Evaluating this integral gives us:

A = 4 [(1/2)sin(2x) + cos(x)]_[%, ]

Plugging in our limits of integration, we get:

A = 4 [(1/2)sin(2) + cos()] - 4 [(1/2)sin(2%) + cos(%)]

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Sharon kicks a ball from the ground into the air with an upward velocity of 64 feet per second. The function h = -16t2 + 64t models the height h, in feet, of the ball at time t, in seconds. When will the ball reach the ground again?

a. 1 second after the ball is thrown
b. 2 seconds after the ball is thrown
c. 3 seconds after the ball is thrown
d. 4 seconds after the ball is thrown

Answers

Answer:

  d.  4 seconds after the ball is kicked

Step-by-step explanation:

The height function can be factored as ...

  h = -16t(t -4)

The values of t where h = 0 are 0 and 4.

The ball will reach the ground again 4 seconds after it is kicked.

Sharon kicks a ball from the ground into the air with an upward velocity of 64 feet per second. The function

Answer:

D

Step-by-step explanation:

four seconds after the ball was thrown

Please mark brainliest:)

7z/4+5x if z=8 and x=3 PLEASE HELP THIS IS DUE IN 20 MINS.

Answers

Answer:

29

Step-by-step explanation:

7(8)/4+5(3)

56/4+15

14+15

29

Please help -2 - p=-4-4(2p+3)

Answers

Here you go the answer is p=-2

(i wrote p as x so just change all the x with p)
 Please help -2 - p=-4-4(2p+3)

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

-2 - p = -4 -(8p+12)

-2 - p =-4 -8p-12

-2+4+12=-8p+p

14=-7p

p=-2

Plz help due today 15 points

Plz help due today 15 points

Answers

What's the question?

I need help please!!

I need help please!!

Answers

the slope of the given point is m=−7/2

For the linear regression y = ẞ1 + ẞ2x + e, assuming that the sum of squared errors (SSE) takes the following form:
SSE = 382 +681 +382 + 18ẞ1ẞ2
Derive the partial derivatives of SSE with respect to B1 and B2 and solve the optimal values of these parameters.
a. B₁ = B1
b. B₂ =

Answers

The optimal values of these parameters are:

a. β₁ = 0

b. β₂ = 0

The linear regression y = β1 + β2x + e, assuming that the sum of squared errors (SSE) takes the following form:

SSE = 382 + 681 + 382 + 18β1β2

Derive the partial derivatives of SSE with respect to β1 and β2 and solve the optimal values of these parameters.

Given that SSE = 382 + 681 + 382 + 18β1β2 ∂SSE/∂β1 = 0 ∂SSE/∂β2 = 0

Now, we need to find the partial derivative of SSE with respect to β1.

∂SSE/∂β1 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 18β2 ⇒ 18β2 = 0 ⇒ β2 = 0

Therefore, we obtain the optimal value of β2 as 0.

Now, we need to find the partial derivative of SSE with respect to β2. ∂SSE/∂β2 = 0 + 0 + 0 + 18β1 ⇒ 18β1 = 0 ⇒ β1 = 0

Therefore, we obtain the optimal value of β1 as 0. Hence, the partial derivative of SSE with respect to β1 is 18β2 and the partial derivative of SSE with respect to β2 is 18β1.

Thus, the optimal values of β1 and β2 are 0 and 0, respectively.

Therefore, the answers are: a. β₁ = 0 b. β₂ = 0

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