what is the purpose of multivalve, hemispherical chamber cylinder heads (3 or 4 valves per cylinder)?

Answers

Answer 1

The purpose of multi-valve, hemispherical chamber cylinder heads (3 or 4 valves per cylinder) is to enhance engine performance by increasing airflow, promoting better combustion, enabling higher revving capabilities, and improving thermal efficiency.

The purpose of multi-valve, hemispherical chamber cylinder heads (3 or 4 valves per cylinder) is to improve engine performance, efficiency, and power output. These cylinder heads feature a hemispherical combustion chamber design that optimizes airflow and allows for more efficient combustion.
The multi-valve design, having 3 or 4 valves per cylinder, offers several benefits compared to traditional 2-valve designs:
Increased Airflow: With more valves per cylinder, there is a larger surface area for air to flow in and out of the engine. This improves the engine's breathing capacity, allowing it to generate more power and operate more efficiently.
Enhanced Combustion: The hemispherical chamber design promotes better fuel and air mixing, leading to more efficient combustion. This results in increased power output and reduced emissions.
Higher Revving Capability: Multi-valve engines are capable of achieving higher RPMs compared to their 2-valve counterparts. This is due to the lighter valvetrain components and reduced valve float, which allows the engine to rev higher without compromising reliability.
Improved Thermal Efficiency: The additional valves help to dissipate heat more effectively, reducing the risk of overheating and improving overall engine efficiency.
In summary, the purpose of multi-valve, hemispherical chamber cylinder heads (3 or 4 valves per cylinder) is to enhance engine performance by increasing airflow, promoting better combustion, enabling higher revving capabilities, and improving thermal efficiency. This design results in engines with greater power output, fuel efficiency, and lower emissions.

for more questions on thermal efficiency

https://brainly.com/question/14358208

#SPJ11


Related Questions

(5 pts) Find if the vector w=(−3,2,−6) can be expressed as a linear combination of the vectors v
1

=(−l,−f,m) and v
2

=(m,l,f). Write the vectors v
1

and v
2

clearly.

Answers

since you did not provide the values of l, f, and m, I am unable to determine if the vector w can be expressed as a linear combination of the given vectors v1 and v. To determine if the vector w=(-3,2,-6) can be expressed as a linear combination of the vectors v1=(-l,-f,m) and v2=(m,l,f), we need to check if there are any values of l, f, and m that satisfy the equation w = a*v1 + b*v2, where a and b are scalars.

Writing out the equation using the given vectors, we have:
(-3,2,-6) = a*(-l,-f,m) + b*(m,l,f)

Simplifying this equation, we get:
(-3,2,-6) = (-a*l - b*m, -a*f + b*l, a*m + b*f)

Equating the corresponding components, we have the following system of equations:
-3 = -a*l - b*m   (1)
2 = -a*f + b*l    (2)
-6 = a*m + b*f    (3)

To solve this system, we can use the method of substitution or elimination.

Using the substitution method, we can solve equations (1) and (2) for a and b in terms of l and f. Then substitute those values into equation (3) and solve for m.

However, since you did not provide the values of l, f, and m, I am unable to determine if the vector w can be expressed as a linear combination of the given vectors v1 and v2.

Learn more about linear combination

https://brainly.com/question/30341410

#SPJ11

Let A = {−4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}. R is defined on A as follows: For all (m, n) ∈ A, mRn ⇐⇒ 5 | m2 − n 2 . Prove that R is an equivalence relation and then find the distinct equivalence classes of R

Answers

To prove that R is an equivalence relation, we need to show that it satisfies three properties: reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity.

Reflexivity: For any a ∈ A, we have aRa because 5 | a^2 - a^2 = 0.

Symmetry: For any a, b ∈ A, if aRb, then bRa. Suppose 5 | a^2 - b^2, then we have 5 | (-1)(b^2 - a^2), which implies 5 | b^2 - a^2. Therefore, bRa.

Transitivity: For any a, b, c ∈ A, if aRb and bRc, then aRc. Suppose 5 | a^2 - b^2 and 5 | b^2 - c^2. Then we have 5 | (a^2 - b^2) + (b^2 - c^2) = a^2 - c^2. Therefore, aRc.

Since R satisfies all three properties, it is an equivalence relation on A.

To find the distinct equivalence classes of R, we need to find all the sets of elements that are related to each other by R. Let [a] denote the equivalence class of a under R. Then, we have:

[0] = {0}

[1] = {-1, 1}

[2] = {-2, 2}

[3] = {-3, 3}

[4] = {-4, 4}

Each equivalence class contains elements that are related to each other by R, and any two distinct equivalence classes have no elements in common. Therefore, these are the distinct equivalence classes of R.

Learn more about equivalence relation at:

brainly.com/question/29022333

#SPJ4

What is the opposite inverse of 4?

Answers

4 is the additive inverse of -4.

              OR

The opposite of 4 is -4, or negative four.

Now, According to the question:

Opposite numbers:-

Every number has an opposite. In fact, every number has two opposites: the additive inverse and the reciprocal—or multiplicative inverse. Don't be intimidated by these technical-sounding names, though. Finding a number's opposites is actually pretty straightforward.

If a number is added to its additive inverse, the sum of both the numbers becomes zero.

For any given number, the additive inverse is a number or a value which when added to the original number results in zero.

Mathematically: a + (-a) = 0

So here, 'a' and '-a' are the additive inverses of each other.

Therefore, for 4, the additive inverse is 4 = -4

Thus, 4 is the additive inverse of -4.

Learn more about Opposite Inverse at:

https://brainly.com/question/22645833

#SPJ4

For which interval is the average rate of change of f(x) negative?

For which interval is the average rate of change of f(x) negative?

Answers

Option C. It’s where it’s decreasing over the entire interval.

one morning, ms. simon drove directly from her home to her workplace in 242424 minutes. what was her average speed, in miles per hour, during her drive that morning?

Answers

The average speed during her drive that morning would be 43.5 miles/hr.

What is Average Speed?

Calculating average speed involves dividing the whole distance traveled by the total time it took to cover that distance.

Explanation:

Time = 24 min = 0.4 hr

Entire way = 0.6 + 15.4 + 1.4

                  = 17.4 miles

\(Average \ speed = \frac{Distance}{Time}\\\\Average \ speed = \frac{17.4}{0.4} \\\\Average \ speed = 43.5 miles/hr\)

Hence, The average speed during her drive that morning would be 43.5 miles/hr.

To know more about Average Speed visit,

https://brainly.com/question/24739297

#SPJ4

For every tile you draw in a game, you lose 5 points. For every tile you play, you gain 3 points. What is your score if you draw 9 tiles and play 12 tiles?

Answers

Answer:

Your score is -9.

Step-by-step explanation:

I need to find what AE is


I need to find what AE is

Answers

Answer:

18

Step-by-step explanation:

The arrows on lines AB and CD indicate that these 2 shapes are similar and these 2 lines are corresponding so :

Linear scale factor :

12 ÷ 10 = 1.2 or 6/5

Let's use the fraction form

Using the linear scale factor we can make an equation to solve for x :

2x+4 = 6/5(x+8)

Expand the brackets :

2x+4 = 6/5x + 9.6

Subtract 4 from both sides :

2x = 6/5x + 5.6

Subtract 6/5x from both sides :

4/5x = 5.6

Divide both sides by 4/5 :

x = 7

Now substitute this value into the expression for the length of AE :

AE = 2(7) + 4

AE = 14 + 4

AE = 18

Hope this helped and have a good day

Answer:

116 units

Step-by-step explanation:

AE + ED = 180 because they make a straight angle and a straight angle is 180 degrees or half of a circle 360/2.

AE = 2x + 4 and ED = x +8 added together they equal 180

2x + 4 + x + 8 = 180  Combine the like terms

3x + 12 = 180  Subtract 12 from both sides of the equation

3x = 168  Divide both sides by 3

x = 56

Now that we know that x is 56 we can plug that in for AE to find its length

2x + 4

2(56) + 4

112 + 4

116

what tool do you use to draw cubes using one-point, two-point, or three-point linear perspective? in inkscape

Answers

The tool that you'd use to draw cubes on Inkscape is called "The 3-D Box" tool. Note that this is as per version 0.48.

What is Inkscape?

Inkscape is an open-source and free vector graphics editor that is mostly used to produce vector pictures in Scalable Vector Graphics format. Other formats are supported for import and export. Inkscape is capable of rendering rudimentary vector shapes and text.

The default format of Inkscape is Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG), however, it can also handle most image formats, including PDF, JPG, GIF, and PNG. Inkscape can also handle PostScript, Sketch, CorelDRAW, and other patented image formats with the use of free, downloadable extensions.

Learn more about Inkscape:
https://brainly.com/question/4701275?
#SPJ1

this rectangular prism is intersected by a plane that contains points d, e, k, and l. what is the perimeter of the cross section?

Answers

The perimeter of the cross-section of the rectangular prism is 42 meters.

The cross-section formed by the plane that contains points D, E, K, and L is a trapezoid with bases DE and KL and height 5.

The length of DE can be found using the Pythagorean theorem: DE = √((EK - DK)² + (EL - DL)²) = √((12 - 4)² + (0 - 0)²) = 8 meters.

Similarly, the length of KL is also 8 meters.

Therefore, the perimeter of the cross-section is the sum of the lengths of the sides of the trapezoid, which is given by

perimeter = DE + KL + 2√((EK - DL)² + 5²)

perimeter = 8 + 8 + 2√((12 - 0)² + 5²)

perimeter = 16 + 2*√(169)

perimeter = 16 + 26

perimeter = 42 meters (rounded to the nearest tenth)

Hence, the perimeter of the cross-section is 42 meters.

To know more about rectangular prism:

https://brainly.com/question/21308574

#SPJ4

--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is given

" The rectangular prism is intersected by a plane that contains points D, E, K, and L.

What is the perimeter of the cross section?

Enter your answer in the box. Round only your final answer to the nearest tenth.

m

A rectangular prism with height 5 meters, length 12 meters, and width 4 meters. The vertices are labeled as G, D, H, L, E, F, J, and K."--

What is the name of the segment inside the large triangle?
1. Perpendicular bisector
2.Midsegment
3.Angle Bisector
4.Median​

What is the name of the segment inside the large triangle?1. Perpendicular bisector2.Midsegment3.Angle

Answers

The name of the segment inside the large triangle is called the: 3. angle bisector.

What is an Angle Bisector?

The word "bisect" means to divide into two equal halves. Therefore, an angle bisector can be defined as a line segment that divides the an angle in a triangle into two parts that are of the same angle measure.

The image shows a triangle which has a segment that divides a vertex angle into equal parts. Thus, the segment can be named as an angle bisector.

A perpendicular bisector divides a segment into two equal halves at right angle, while a midsegment joins the middle points of two sides of a triangle. The median also, is a segment that joins a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the side that is opposite the angle.

Therefore, we can state that the name of the segment is: 3. angle bisector.

Learn more about the angle bisector on:

https://brainly.com/question/24334771

#SPJ1

suppose that $1,000 is deposited into an account that yields 0.85% interest, compounded annually? how much money will be in that account at the end of 4 years?

Answers

The money in the account at the end of the 4 years is $1034

What is compound interest?

Compound interest, also known as interest on principal and interest, is the practice of adding interest to the principal amount of a loan or deposit.

Now we are given that the initial amount deposited in the account is $1000

This account is giving 0.85% And we have to figure out how much amount will be there

We use compound interest formula to find the amount

\(A= P(1+r/n)^{nt}\\\\A= 1000(1+0.0085)^{4}\\A = 1000(1.034)\\A= 1034\)

Hence the amount will be after 4 years is $1034.

To learn more about compound interest please refer the following link

https://brainly.com/question/29003086

#SPJ4

Which pair of triangles can be proven congruent by SAS?
A

Which pair of triangles can be proven congruent by SAS?A

Answers

I can’t see the third but I’m pretty sure it’s the second!
ANSWER

the second one

EXPLANATION: the dash lines show the congruent sides & the half circle shows the angle connecting the two sides

What is the sum of the angles of a 22 sided polygon

Answers

Answer:

interior = 3600° , exterior = 360°

Step-by-step explanation:

use the formula : ( n - 2 ) * 180 ..........where n is the number of sides

here the number of sides is 22

so if fall under the formula:

( 22 - 2 ) * 180

3600° is the total sum of the interior angles.

The exterior angle formula:

360° is the sum of the exterior angles.

Which property justifies "Step 4"
Which property justifies "Step 4" in the proof below?
a. )45= m_B
b.) m B = 45
3) Substitution
4)?

Answers

The property justified by step 4 is after substitution in the equation you get the desired result.

What is an expression?

Mathematical actions are called expressions if they have at least two terms that are related by an operator and include either numbers, variables, or both. Adding, subtraction, multiplying, and division are all reflection coefficient operations. A mathematical operation such as reduction, addition, multiplication, or division is used to integrate terms into an expression.

As per the data in the question,

In step 3 substitution of value is taking place.

In step 4 when values are substituted the final result is obtained, so step 4 is the result step.

To know more about an expression:

https://brainly.com/question/14083225

#SPJ1

Can someone please help me with this?

The x-values need to go on the horizontal axis and the y-values need to go on the vertical axis (just switch them around).

How do I do that? Could someone please show me how?

Can someone please help me with this?The x-values need to go on the horizontal axis and the y-values

Answers

To switch the x and y values and plot the graph with the x-values on the horizontal axis and y-values on the vertical axis, following steps are to be followed.

What is graph?

A graph is a visual representation of a set of data or mathematical relationship between variables.

Graphs are used to illustrate patterns, trends, and relationships in the data or functions, making it easier to interpret and communicate the information.

Write down the coordinates of the points given in the format (y, x) instead of (x, y).

(0, 30), (1, 60), (2, 100), (3, 130), (4, 160), (5, 190)

Draw the horizontal x-axis and vertical y-axis on a graph paper. Label the axes as "x-axis" and "y-axis", respectively.

Plot the points (0, 30), (1, 60), (2, 100), (3, 130), (4, 160), and (5, 190) on the graph paper.

To plot each point, locate the x-coordinate on the x-axis and the y-coordinate on the y-axis, and mark a point where they intersect.

Connect the points with a smooth curve to complete the graph.

The resulting graph will have the x-values on the horizontal axis and the y-values on the vertical axis.

To know more about axis visit:

https://brainly.com/question/1851512

#SPJ1

What is 1 637,984 to the nearest whole number​

Answers

If you mean 1637.984 then it is 1638.

A 32 ounce box of Fruit Loops cost $3.99 and a 24 ounce box of Honey Nut Cheerios cost $3.29.
Which is the better deal and why? What is the price of each

Answers

Answer:

32 ounce box of fruit loops is a better deal

Step-by-step explanation:

32 ounce of fruit loops is about $0.12 an ounce

24 ounce box of Honey Nut Cheerios is about $0.14 an ounce

30% of the tickets sold at a school carnival were early-admission tickets. If the school sold 100 tickets in all, how many early-admission tickets did it sell?

Answers

The number of early-admission tickets that it sells is 30.

How to calculate the number of early admission?

From the information, 30% of the tickets sold at a school carnival were early-admission tickets and the school sold 100 tickets in all.

Therefore, the number of early admission will be:

= Percentage for early admission × Total number of tickets

= 30% × 100

= 0.3 × 100

= 30

Therefore, there are 30 early admission.

Learn more about percentages on:

brainly.com/question/29336050

#SPJ1

Sandra signed up for the gym during the spring special. Her credit card was charged $220.87. Is this the correct amount? Explain.

Sandra signed up for the gym during the spring special. Her credit card was charged $220.87. Is this
Sandra signed up for the gym during the spring special. Her credit card was charged $220.87. Is this

Answers

Answer:

No the she should have been charged $203.88 the reason is if you times 12 by 16.99 you will get 203.88 not 220.87

The amount in credit card is enough to pay 12 months gym charge.

Given that, the charge for one month  is $16.99.

What is an equation?

In mathematics, an equation is a formula that expresses the equality of two expressions, by connecting them with the equals sign =.

Number of months = 12

Let the total charge for 12 months be x.

Now, x = 16.99×12

= $203.88

Therefore, the amount in credit card is enough to pay 12 months gym charge.

To learn more about an equation visit:

https://brainly.com/question/14686792.

#SPJ2

A lake near the Arctic Circle is covered by a thick sheet of ice during the cold winter months. When spring arrives, the warm air gradually melts the ice, causing its thickness to decrease at a rate of 0.2 meters per week. After 7 weeks, the sheet is only 2.4 meters thick.
Let y represent the ice sheet's thickness (in meters) after x weeks.

Complete the equation for the relationship between the thickness and number of weeks.
y=_____

Answers

The equation for the relationship between the thickness and number of weeks is y = 3.8 - 0.2x

How to write equation?

Ice lost per week = 0.2 metersIce remaining after 7 weeks = 2.4 metersNumber of weeks = xRelationship between the thickness and number of weeks = y

Ice lost at 7 weeks = 7(0.2) = 1.4 meters

Total thickness of ice before loss = Ice remaining after 7 weeks + Ice lost at 7 weeks

= 2.4 + 1.4

= 3.8 meters

The equation:

y = Total thickness of ice before loss - (Ice lost per week × Number of weeks)

= 3.8 - (0.2 × x)

y = 3.8 - 0.2x

Learn more about equation:

https://brainly.com/question/8284719

#SPJ1

pls help me with this equation!!!!!!!!!!!!!

pls help me with this equation!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Answers

the answer to this equation is 45

Answer:

The missing angle is 65°

Step-by-step explanation:

For context, all triangles' angles will always add up to 180°. The outside angle of S is supplementary to the inside angle, so in order to find S:

180 - 153 = 27°

<TSU = 27°

S = 27°

U = 88°

As mentioned before, angles of triangles will add up to 180. In order to find the missing angle (?) we will add the other two sides and subtract them from 180.

27 + 88 = 115

180 - 115 = 65°

Please help me find ABCD!!

Please help me find ABCD!!

Answers

Using the formula to find the area of a trapezium:
A= 1/2(a+b)h

So in this instance, a and b are 10 and 15 cm, and the height is 9 so just substitute it like this:
A= 1/2(9+10)9
A= 85.5

Please help fast I’d appreciate it

Please help fast Id appreciate it

Answers

Answer:

a) Precision and accuracy are necessary here to ensure the protection of the wires, which be phone lines, cable lines or electrical lines.

b) Precision or the repeatability of measurements gives and impression that you getting the correct measurement but unless your instruments are properly calibrated, tug you cannot be sure that your measurements are truly correct.

c) Incorrect measurements could leave the wires exposed to the elements which could lead to their premature breakdown, hence increasing the maintenance costs of the wires and thereby the entire system.

Solve: -68.1 * 0.8
A) -54.48
B) 68.9
C) 54.48
D) -68.9

Answers

Answer:

A) - 54.48

Step-by-step explanation:

Just plug it into the calculator like this;  (-68.1) x 0.8, which equals -54.48.

the answer is negative because you multiplied a positive # and a negative #.

Gwen and her sister started watching a cartoon movie at 11:00 A.M. The movie was 2 hours and 5 minutes long. After the movie, they played a card game for 1 hour and 15 minutes and then played soccer in the backyard for 50 minutes. What time was it when Gwen and her sister finished playing soccer?

Include A.M. or P.M. in your answer (for example, 11:58 A.M.).

Answers

3:10pm I think (not sure)

Answer: 2:10 PM

Step-by-step explanati


Write an equation in slope-intercept
form for the line with slope -1/2
and y-intercept 9.

Answers

\(y = - \frac{1}{2} x + 9\)

since the slope-intercept equation is y=mx+b

m represents the slope

b represents the y-intercept

6 x 10^ is how many times as large as 3 x 10^3?

6 x 10^ is how many times as large as 3 x 10^3?

Answers

Answer:  1800000000

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

200 Times as large

Step-by-step explanation:

Please Help 100 POINTS!!!

Please Help 100 POINTS!!!

Answers

Answer:

B

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

B. \(\frac{x^2}{3^2} +\frac{y^3}{2^2} =1\)

Step-by-step explanation:

Please Help 100 POINTS!!!

Your sister is 2 yrs. Older than your brother. Their age combined is 30 yrs. What is your sisters age?

Answers

Answer:

the sister is 16

Step-by-step explanation:

30-14= 16 and thats a 2 year difference

Answer:

sister is 16

Step-by-step explanation:

explanation:

16+14=30

so the sister is 16 and the brother is 14. if that makes any sense ;)

A shirt at Target is priced at $20. You have a coupon for 20% off. The tax on the shirt is 8%. What will be the cost of the shirt?

Answers

The coupon 4$
The Tax is 1.6$
Other Questions
What resulted from the U.S. and British invasion of Iraq in 2003? help asap, btw there may be more in a little soo How did you feel after you woke from the bad dream? All else equal, the present value of an ordinary share will be impacted positively byQuestion 21 options:An increase in the required rate of returnAn increase in the expected dividend growth ratenone of the listed optionsA decrease in the required rate of returnQuestion 22 (1 point)Australia's central bank has decided to decrease interest rates as a result of softening economic conditions. This change in interest rates can be seen as what type of risk?Question 22 options:Firm-specific riskunsystematic riskmarket riskdiversifiable riskQuestion 23 (1 point)The issuer of a bond is unable to meet the financial commitments of the bond contract. This can be seen as an example of:Question 23 options:The risk that the yield to maturity will decreaseInterest rate riskDefault riskBoth interest rate and default risk.Question 24 (1 point)Interest rate risk can be best explained as follows:Question 24 options:The risk that coupon payments will change when interest rates change.Interest rate changes will cause the price of the bond to change.The issuer of the bond is unable to meet the coupon payments of the bond.None of options provided.Question 25 (2 points)Drake Ltd has issued bonds that are currently priced at $1056.70. They have a $1,000 par value and 9 years to maturity. They pay a semi-annual coupon of 7%. What is the annualised yield to maturity on this bond.Question 25 options:Question 26 (2 points)You plan to purchase property in Melbourne 12 years from today at an estimated purchase price of $1,250,000. The funds for the property will be accumulated by making 12 equal annual deposits in your savings account, which earn 15% interest, compounded annually. If you make your first deposit at the end of this year and you would like your account to reach $1,250,000 when the final deposit is made, what will be the amount of each annual deposit?Question 26 options:Question 27 (3 points)You a reviewing an investment and you expect that in 5-years time you will receive a return of $45,000 and you expect to receive this $45,000 per year for another 7 years beyond the first return (a total of 8 years of $45,000 in cash flows). Calculate the present value of these future cash flows. Assume a discount rate of 12%.Question 27 options:Question 28 (2 points)Tiffany Ltd bonds have a coupon rate of 6%, paid semi-annually, face value of $1,000, and mature at the end of 6 years. What is the current price on this bond if its yield to maturity is 8%.Question 28 options:Question 29 (1 point)You are reviewing an investment in a zero-coupon bond. The bond matures at the end of 5 years with a face value of $1,000. What value would you place on the bond if the yield to maturity is 9%? The only way to change the Constitution is: Congress passes a lawPopulation must voteBy adding an amendmentCannot be changed what is the product of (7x^2-3)(8x^2-7x+5) How did the outcome of the Persian Gulf War impact American influence on foreign diplomatic affairs? Nosotros hablbamosA. PreteriteB. Imperfectpor telfono cada noche What is software?Group of answer choicesInstructions that tell the hardware what to doAny part of the computer that has a physical structureClothing designed to be worn by computer usersFlexible parts of a computer case SAT scores for incoming BU freshman are normally distributed with a mean of 1000 and standard deviation of 100. What is the probability that a randomly selected freshman has an SAT score of exactly 10 why should you consider not only your instructor's expectations but also the audience and purpose specified in those assignments? In your own words. Simple to understand.Discuss how genetics affect sex and gender in human? and what are genetics bases of misaligned gender identity? Which enemy country posed the greatest threat to Florida's coastlines? (2 pointa Japanb Italyc Germanyd Great Britain AssalamualaikumHave you been praying fardhu? Please describe what you believe are the core competencies of: Tesla Amazon Toyota Why? And what are they doing to strengthen/build this competency? When multiple teams are working on the same product, who should make sure that their outputs can be integrated into one Increment? Determine the approximate value of side a. Consider the information about the number of customers that select various frame colors at a frame store one day. 15 customers select white frames.30 customers select black frames.45 customers select gold frames.If there are a total of 2,200 customers that order from the frame store one month, what is the best approximation for how many customers that month select a black frame? Which of the following is not an example of an audit-related fee required to be included in the audit-related fees category related to fees disclosed in the annual proxy statement?Select one:A. reviews of SEC filingsB. comfort lettersC. reviews of SEC inquiry lettersD. tax avoidance planning services what is 10 less than the quotient of a number and five