what reflectivity would be necessary to keep the average temperature exactly at the freezing point? express your answer in percent to two significant figures.

Answers

Answer 1

The reflectivity that would be necessary to keep the average temperature exactly at the freezing point is 31%.

Reflectivity is the property of reflecting light from the surface of a planet or moon. It is often represented as the ratio of the amount of radiation reflected by a surface to the amount of incident radiation. The Albedo of Earth is approximately 30%. Albedo is a measure of the amount of radiation reflected by a surface. As a result, the Earth's average surface temperature is kept lower than it would be without it.

Approximately 30% of the incident solar radiation is reflected back to space by the Earth's surface and atmosphere, according to the NASA Energy and Water Cycle Study (NEWS). Therefore, to keep the average temperature exactly at the freezing point, a reflectivity of 31% would be required.

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Related Questions

The abiotic components of an
ecosystem are
B. the animals and plants.
A. not important.
D. invisible.
C. nonliving.

Answers

Answer:

C. nonliving.

Explanation:

qeoahefji
Which of these is a research method?

A. Science
B. Experiments
C. Computers
D. Calculus

Answers

Answer:

B. Experiments

Explanation:

conducting an experiment is an example of a research method while the other choices are not.

Hope I was able to help you!

1. (Physical or Chemical) properties describe matter.
2. (Physical or Chemical) properties of a substance can be easily observed.
3. One can use their five senses to determine the (Physical or Chemical) properties of a substance.
4. (Physical or Chemical) properties usually describe how a substance reacts. 5. (Physical or Chemical) properties are not as easy to observe.
6. (Physical or Chemical) properties can be used to identify substances.

Answers

Explanation:

2. Chemical

3. Physical

5. Chemical

I think that's it

Hope it helps :)

Physical properties describe matter.Physical  properties of a substance can be easily observed.One can use their five senses to determine physical properties.Chemical properties usually describe how a substance reacts. Physical properties can be used to identify substances.

What are physical properties?

Any property which describes the state of a physical system is called as a physical property.Changes in physical properties are used to describe changes between the states. They are often related to as observable properties.

Physical property which can be quantified is a physical quantity. These are also classified further with respect to their directionality. Isotropic properties do not change with direction of observation while anisotropic properties change with direction of observation.

Physical properties are differentiated from chemical properties by the way they determine how a substance behaves in a chemical reaction.

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Which factor plays the biggest role in delaying the detection of childhood
diseases?

Answers

Answer:

poor access to health care providers

Explanation:

without health care providers you cant get tested.

The d orbital starts in the 4th row, or 4th energy level. However, what energy level (period number) does d actually start with?

Answers

The d-orbital starts in the third energy level (n = 3) of an atom.

Each energy level can contain one or more sublevels, including s, p, d, and f sublevels. The first energy level (n = 1) has one s orbital and can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. The second energy level (n = 2) has one s orbital and three p orbitals, allowing for a maximum of 8 electrons. The third energy level (n = 3) has one s orbital, three p orbitals, and five d orbitals, accommodating a maximum of 18 electrons.

The d-orbitals are found in the third energy level, corresponding to the third period of the periodic table. Therefore, the period number for the energy level where the d-orbital starts is 3.

The filling order of orbitals follows the pattern: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, and so on. The d-orbitals start filling after the p-orbitals in the third energy level. The electron configuration for the third energy level is written as 3s^2 3p^6 3d^1-10, depending on the element.

For example, the electron configuration of iron (Fe) is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 3d^6 4s^2. This configuration indicates that the d-orbitals of iron are half-filled with 5 electrons.

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a 28.6 mass % aqueous solution of iron(iii) chloride has a density of 1.280 g/ml. calculate the molality of the solution. give your answer to 2 decimal places.

Answers

The molality of a 28.6 mass % aqueous solution of iron(III) chloride with a density of 1.280 g/mL is 2.67 mol/kg.

To calculate the molality, first find the mass of the solution and the mass of the solute (iron(III) chloride) and solvent (water). Since the density is 1.280 g/mL, the mass of 100 mL of the solution is 128 g (100 mL x 1.280 g/mL). In this solution, 28.6% is iron(III) chloride, so the mass of the solute is 36.61 g (0.286 x 128 g), and the mass of the solvent (water) is 91.39 g (128 g - 36.61 g).
Next, determine the moles of iron(III) chloride in the solution. The molar mass of iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) is 162.2 g/mol. Thus, there are 0.225 moles of iron(III) chloride in the solution (36.61 g / 162.2 g/mol).
Finally, calculate the molality by dividing the moles of solute by the mass of the solvent (in kilograms). Molality = 0.225 mol / 0.09139 kg = 2.463 mol/kg, which can be rounded to 2.67 mol/kg to two decimal places.


Summary: The molality of a 28.6 mass % aqueous solution of iron(III) chloride with a density of 1.280 g/mL is 2.67 mol/kg.

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Given 0.32 moles of H2O how many moles of H2 are needed

Answers

Answer:

0.32 moles of H2

Explanation:

I will assume the question concerns the production of water from hydrogen and oxygen(?).  If theis is correct, start with a balanced chemical reaction.

O2 + 2H2 = 2H2O  

2 O and 4 H on both sides of the reaction: it is balanced.

The balanced equation tells us we need 2 moles of H2 for every 2 moles of H2O, a 1:1 molar ratio.  If we want 4 moles of H2O, we'd need 4 moles of H2.

If we want 0.32 moles of H2O, we need 0.32 moles of H2.

What are five different types of air pollutant each

Answers

5 types of air pollution would include: Carbon Monoxide, Lead, Nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides. I only know those 4 actually… hope it helped

which of the following is a weak acid?
A) H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid)
B) HCl (Hydrochloric acid)
C) CH3COOH (Acetic acid)
D) HNO3 (Nitric acid)
correct answer is C).

Answers

CH3COOH is the correct awnser

magnesium metal (0.100 mol) and a volume of aqueous hydrochloric acid that contains 0.500 mol of hcl are combined and react to completion. how many liters of hydrogen gas, measured at stp, are produced? mg(s) 2hcl(aq) → mgcl2(aq) h2(g)magnesium metal (0.100 mol) and a volume of aqueous hydrochloric acid that contains 0.500 mol of hcl are combined and react to completion. how many liters of hydrogen gas, measured at stp, are produced? mg(s) 2hcl(aq) → mgcl2(aq) h2(g)

Answers

Liters of hydrogen gas, measured at stp, are produced 0.300 mol of  HCl hydrogen gas, measured at STP, is produced.

From the reaction, the ratio of Mg to HCl used is 1:2 .

This means that if the reaction goes to completion, the  0.100 mol of  Mg will react with 0.100mol×2=0.200ml of HCl.

This leaves 0.500mol−0.200mol=0.300 mol of  HCl.

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why might the sum of the 2 reactions yield a vslue cloder to the theoretical value for the enthalpy of the reaction than the reaction completed in a single step

Answers

Enthalpy being a state function leads to Hess's law. There are two logical conclusions that follow right away: if a chemical reaction is reversed, the sign on H(heat) is altered.

What does Hess's law say about the reaction's overall enthalpy change?

According to Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation, or simply Hess's Law, no matter how many stages or steps there are in a reaction, the reaction's overall enthalpy change is equal to the sum of all changes.

What can we infer about a reaction from its enthalpy?

Summary. We can better comprehend how a chemical system consumes energy during reactions by using bond enthalpy and enthalpy of reaction. The bond enthalpy measures both the strength of the bond and the amount of energy required to build or break it.

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when a parcel of air sinks in the atmosphere, there is usually _________.

Answers

an increase in temperature! hope this helps

4. The representative particle for an ionic compound is a​

Answers

Answer:

unit formula??

Explanation:

A mixture of h2 and water vapor is present in a closed vessel at 20.00°c. the total pressure of the system is 755.0 mmhg. the partial pressure of the water vapor 17.50 mmhg. what is the partial pressure of h2? type in your answer using the correct number of significant figures. mmhg

Answers

The partial pressure is the pressure exerted by a single gas in a volume of the mixture. The partial pressure of dihydrogen is 737.5 mmHg.

What is Dalton's law?

According to Dalton's law, the sum of partial pressure of non-reacting gases gives the total pressure of the system.

Given,

Total pressure = 755.0 mmHg

The partial pressure of water = 17.5 mmHg

The partial pressure of dihydrogen = ?

The partial pressure of dihydrogen is calculated as:

\(\begin{aligned}\rm p_{total} &= \rm p_{H_{2}O} + p_{H_{2}}\\\\755.0 &=\rm 17.5 + p_{H_{2}}\\\\&= 737.5 \;\rm mmHg\end{aligned}\)

Therefore, the partial pressure of dihydrogen is 737.5 mmHg.

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Answer:

737.5

Explanation:

Which of these are animal adaptations that help animals live in the deciduous forest biome? Select all that apply.


little feet for snow


hibernation


hard outer skin to reduce loss of water


round builds

Answers

Answer:

hibernation

hard outer skin to reduce loss of water

Explanation:

I got a few potins for this, but...yeah.

Adaptations that help animals live in the deciduous forest biome hibernation and hard outer skin to reduce loss of water.

What is deciduous forest biomes?

A deciduous forest is a type of forest which is dominatred by the trees that lose their leaves seasonally or in the growing season and Earth has dry forests.

Hibernation is a process in which plants or animals adapt themselves in order to survive in the adverse condition to conserve energy. At the same time animals will try to hard their outer skin to reduce the loss of water in the summer season.

Hence correct options are (2) & (3).

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Hurry need the answer asap

Hurry need the answer asap

Answers

P,T,Y refers to the set of points which are collinear and is therefore denoted as option C.

What are Collinear points?

This is commonly used in geometry and refers to the set of points which lie on the same straight line and are always close to each other when compared to other points. It is possible for them to appear on different planes only and the value by the triangle from the three points is usually zero.

In the example give, only P,T and Y are the points which lie on the same line while other options have points which lie on different lines thereby making them incorrect.

This is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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What happens to the reactivity as you move from left to right?

Answers

The reactivity of the element in the periodic table as me move from the left to right in the period it will decreases first and then it will increases.

In the periodic table , for the metals the reactivity of the decreases as we move across the period from left to the right. in the group it will increases as we move from the top to bottom.

In the periodic table for the non metals, the reactivity will increases as we move from left to the right in a period. in the group it will decreases as we move from top to the bottom.

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which of the following radioactive isotopes would be best for age-dating a rock from 50,000 years ago?

Answers

The best radioactive isotope for age-dating a rock from 50,000 years ago would be Carbon-14 (14C).

Carbon-14 (14C) is the most suitable radioactive isotope for dating materials up to approximately 50,000 years old, making it ideal for age-dating a rock from 50,000 years ago. This is because 14C is formed in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays interact with nitrogen, and it is incorporated into living organisms through photosynthesis or consumption. After an organism dies, the 14C begins to decay at a known rate, known as the half-life, which is approximately 5730 years. By measuring the remaining amount of 14C in a sample, scientists can determine how long it has been since the organism died and, therefore, date the rock or material containing organic matter to estimate its age. Other radioactive isotopes with longer half-lives, such as Uranium-238 or Potassium-40, are better suited for dating much older rocks or minerals.

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Which of the following may indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred?
a. release of energy as light
b. a color change
C. gas bubble formation
d. All of the above

Answers

Answer:

D, all of the above

Explanation:

Using a ph meter, you find the ph of an unknown solution to be 8. 0. How would you describe this solution?.

Answers

Answer:

Just Barely Base/Neutral

Explanation:

a pH of 8.0 is greater than Neutral (7.0) but is still neutral due to it being more neutral than a base

Consider the chemical equation. 2h2 o2 right arrow. 2h2o what is the percent yield of h2o if 87.0 g of h2o is produced by combining 95.0 g of o2 and 11.0 g of h2? use percent yield equals startfraction actual yield over theoretical yield endfraction times 100.. 56.5% 59.0% 88.5% 99.7%

Answers

The percent yield of H₂O, if 87.0 g of H₂O is produced by combining 95.0 g of O₂ and 11.0 g of H₂ is 87.87%.

How do we calculate mass from moles?

Mass of any substance will be calculated by using their moles as:

n = W/M, where

W = given or required mass

M = molar mass

Moles of 95g of Oxygen (O₂) = 95g / 32g/mol = 2.96 moles

Moles of 11g of hydrogen (H₂) = 11g / 2g/mol = 5.5 moles

Given chemical reaction is:
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O

From the stoichiometry of the reaction, it is clear that:

1 moles of O₂ = reacts with 2 moles of H₂

2.96 moles of O₂ = reacts with 2×2.96=5.92 moles of H₂

Here hydrogen is the limiting reagent as it has lower moles and formation of water depends on this only.

2 moles of H₂ = produces 2 moles of water

5.5 moles of H₂ = produces 5.5 moles of water

Mass of 5.5 moles of water will be calculated as:

W = (5.5mol)(18g/mol) = 99g

Given theoretical yield of water = 87g

% yield of water will be calculated as:
% yield = (87 / 99)×100 = 87.87%

Hence required value is 87.87%.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

he long run equilibrium condition for perfect competition is:
a. P=AVC=MR=MC.
b. Q=AVC=MR=MC.
c. Q=ATC=MR=MC.
d. P=ATC=MR=MC.

Answers

Option (d), P=ATC=MR=MC, accurately represents the long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition, reflecting the balance between price and cost for firms operating in a competitive market.

The long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition is that price (P) is equal to average total cost (ATC), which is also equal to marginal cost (MC), and marginal revenue (MR).

Option (d), P=ATC=MR=MC, best represents the long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition. In perfect competition, firms operate at the minimum point of their average total cost curve, where price equals both average total cost and marginal cost. This condition ensures that firms are earning zero economic profit and are producing at an efficient level.

In the long run, if firms are earning economic profit, new firms will enter the market, increasing competition and driving prices down. Conversely, if firms are experiencing losses, some firms may exit the market, reducing competition and causing prices to rise. This process continues until firms reach a state where price equals average total cost, marginal cost, and marginal revenue, ensuring a long-run equilibrium.

Therefore, option (d), P=ATC=MR=MC, accurately represents the long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition, reflecting the balance between price and cost for firms operating in a competitive market.

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all zero greenhouse gas emission fuel sources are also renewable.
a. true b. false

Answers

"All zero greenhouse gas emission fuel sources are also renewable". The statement is false.

While many renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower produce zero greenhouse gas emissions, not all zero-emission fuels are renewable.

For example, nuclear power is a zero-emission source of electricity, but it is not considered a renewable energy source because it relies on the mining and processing of non-renewable uranium.

Renewable energy sources are defined as those that can be replenished naturally and sustainably within a human timescale. These include solar, wind, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass. Zero-emission fuels refer to any fuel source that emits no greenhouse gases during use, such as hydrogen fuel cells.

While renewable energy sources often overlap with zero-emission fuels, not all zero-emission fuels are renewable. Therefore, it is important to differentiate between the two terms when discussing the sustainability and environmental impact of different energy sources.

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Which of the following reactions powers a lead-acid battery?

Which of the following reactions powers a lead-acid battery?

Answers

Among the following, option c represent the reaction that powers a lead-acid battery where, lead metal, lead oxide and sulphuric acid reacts to form lead sulphate.

What is lead acid battery?

Lead acid battery uses the mixture of lead oxide and sulphuric acid as electrolyte. It  is a secondary battery . Reversible chemical processes take place in secondary cells.

By running a current through the battery, the reactants that produce an electric current through chemical processes in these batteries can be recharged (recharging).

Discharging is the chemical process of drawing current from a secondary battery (forward reaction). Charging is a process used to regenerate active material. The reaction taking place in lead-acid batteries is option c.

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Branched-chain amino acids (bcaas), commonly known as a supplement to support recovery and stimulate muscle growth, may also serve to:_____.

Answers

BCAA supplements are commonly taken to boost muscle growth and enhance exercise performance.

They may also help with weight loss and reducing fatigue after exercise. This article contains all the most important information about branched-chain amino acids and their benefits.

What are purposes of Branched-chain amino acids (bcaas) ?Leucine, isoleucine, and valine are the three essential amino acids that make up the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs).Since they are vital, your body cannot create them on its own and you must get them through food.BCAA supplements have been demonstrated to increase muscular mass, lessen muscle pain, and reduce muscle fatigue.They have also been used successfully in hospitals to lessen liver disease symptoms and stop or slow down muscle loss.However, since the majority of people consume enough BCAAs from their diets, taking supplements is unlikely to provide any further advantages.

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(08.05 M)
A solution has a [H30) of 1 x 10-3 M. What is the [OH-] of the solution?
11M
14 M
1x 10-14 M
1* 10-11M

Answers

The [OH⁻] of the solution : 1 x 10⁻¹¹ M

Further explanation

Given

[H30) : 1 x 10-3 M.

Required

the [OH]

Solution

The water equilibrium constant is a product of the concentrations of [H3O +] and [OH-]

Kw = [H₃O⁺] [OH⁻]

Input the value of  [H₃O⁺]

1 x 10⁻¹⁴ = 1 x 10⁻³ x  [OH⁻]

[OH⁻] = 1 x 10⁻¹⁴ :  1 x 10⁻³

[OH⁻] = 1 x 10⁻¹¹ M

what is the bond order for a second-period diatomic particle containing five electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals and eight electrons in bonding molecular orbitals?

Answers

The bond order for a second-period diatomic particle containing five electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals and eight electrons in bonding molecular orbitals is 1.5

Bond order is defined as the number of electrons in bonding molecular orbitals minus the number of electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals divided by two. As a result, we may determine the bond order of this diatomic particle by the formula: Bond order = (number of bonding electrons - number of antibonding electrons) / 2

Bond order = (8 - 5) / 2

Bond order = 1.5.

This diatomic molecule, according to the bond order, is a stable molecule since the bond order is greater than 1, indicating that it is a double bond. The molecule has an overall bond strength that is greater than a single bond, but not as strong as a triple bond. So therefore he bond order for a second-period diatomic particle containing five electrons in antibonding molecular orbitals and eight electrons in bonding molecular orbitals is 1.5

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156. A solid metal sphere has a volume of 4.2 ft}. The mass
of the sphere is 155 lb. Find the density of the metal
sphere in grams per cubic centimeter.

Answers

Answer:

The answer is

0.59 g/cm³

Explanation:

To find the density of the sphere we use the formula

\(Density \: = \frac{mass}{volume} \)

To find the density in g/cm³ first convert the mass into grams and the volume into cm³

For the mass we have

155 lb = 70306.82 g

For the volume

4.2 ft³ = 118930.76 cm³

Substitute the values into the above formula

That's

\(Density \: = \frac{70306.82 \: g}{118930.76 \: cm³} \)

We have the final answer as

Density = 0.59 g/cm³

Hope this helps you

What mass of H2 forms when
35.25 g of Al reacts with excess
hydrochloric acid?
2AI+ 6HCI→ 2AlCl3 + 3H₂
Al: 26.98 g/mol
H₂: 2.02 g/mol
[?] g H₂

What mass of H2 forms when35.25 g of Al reacts with excesshydrochloric acid?2AI+ 6HCI 2AlCl3 + 3HAl:

Answers

1) Find number of moles of Al reacted:
35.25/26.98 (mass reacted/molar mass of Al)

2) Find number of moles of H2 produced:
Number of mol. of Al x 3/2 (based on stoichiometry)

3) Find mass of H2 formed:
Number of mol. of H2 x molar mass of H2 = 3.9588mol = 4 mol (estimated value)

how many different sublevels are in the second energy level?

2
1
4
3​

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 2

Explanation:

There are two energy sublevels in the second principal energy level. These two energy sublevels are 2s and 2p. The energy distribution in an atom is divided into a number of principal energy levels, and the principal energy levels are again divided into four basic energy sublevels.

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