What this answer true of false

All of the following describe Melzacks (2005) theory on pain called the Neuromatrix theory except that pain occurs due to external influences only.

Melzacks (2005) proposed a theory on pain called the Neuromatrix theory.

This theory was first proposed to explain phantom pain.

The theory suggests that the brain has a genetically defined neural network that enables the mind to be aware of pain, in addition to other sensory experiences.

Moreover, the neuromatrix sends out an impulse called the neurosignature that represents the pattern of the sensory inputs as well as the physiological state of the organism.

As a result, pain occurs when the neurosignature is simultaneously activated by multiple sensory inputs.

This theory of Melzack's provides a new understanding of how pain works.

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Explanation:

DNA is tightly wound around histones,forming nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are tightly coiled and supercoiled to form chromosomes.

following the diet which strictly avoid the intake of phenylalanine  will be the best treatment for phenylketonuria (pku) disorder

When a person with phenylketonuria (PKU) consumes foods high in protein or consumes aspartame, an artificial sweetener, a hazardous accumulation of phenylalanine can occur. Long-term health issues may result from this. Although PKU cannot be cured, early diagnosis and treatment can help avoid serious health issues as well as intellectual disability and other limits in one's capacity for thinking, understanding, and communication.

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When a trait is said to be both polygenic and multifactorial, it means that the trait is influenced by multiple genes (polygenic) and also by multiple environmental factors (multifactorial).

Polygenic traits are those that are determined by the interaction of many different genes, while multifactorial traits are those that are determined by a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Examples of such traits include height, skin color, and susceptibility to certain diseases.

In these cases, the contribution of each gene and environmental factor to the trait is typically small, and the final expression of the trait is the result of the cumulative effect of all these factors.

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Answer:  tissues, organs, and organ systems. Similar cells are grouped into tissues, groups of tissues make up organs, and organs with a similar function are grouped into an organ system.

Answer:

Radiometric dating

Explanation:

The family of red algae is diverse and includes several different families, such as Rhodomelaceae, Gelidiaceae, and Porphyridiaceae.

The species of red algae vary greatly within these families. Cyanobacteria, on the other hand, belong to the phylum Cyanobacteria and are not classified using the KPCOFGS taxonomy system. Instead, they are classified based on their morphological and physiological characteristics.

Red algae, also known as Rhodophyta, comprise a large and diverse group of algae. They are classified into different families based on their characteristics, including the structure of their thallus (body), reproductive structures, and pigments. Some common families of red algae include Rhodomelaceae, Gelidiaceae, and Porphyridiaceae.

Within these families, there are numerous species of red algae, each with its unique characteristics and habitats. Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are a group of photosynthetic bacteria. They belong to the phylum Cyanobacteria and are not classified using the KPCOFGS taxonomy system typically used for plants and animals.

Cyanobacteria are classified based on their morphological features, such as cell shape, arrangement, and pigmentation, as well as their physiological characteristics and genetic traits. The classification of cyanobacteria is continually evolving as new information and techniques are discovered in the field of microbiology.

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The fossils of the one-toed horse played a crucial role in helping paleoanthropologists assign firm dates to hominid-fossil-bearing layers at the eastern African site of Koobi Fora. This is because the one-toed horse fossils were found in the same layers as hominid fossils, and they are known to have lived during specific time periods.

The one-toed horse, known as Hipparion, was a common mammal in the region during the late Miocene and early Pliocene epochs, approximately 10-4 million years ago. Its fossils are found in many of the same layers as early hominid fossils, making it an important index fossil for dating the layers. By analyzing the ages of the Hipparion fossils using various dating techniques, such as paleomagnetism, potassium-argon dating, and biostratigraphy, paleoanthropologists were able to establish a relative chronology for the hominid-fossil-bearing layers at Koobi Fora. This allowed them to better understand the sequence of hominid evolution in the region and to reconstruct the environments in which early hominids lived.

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Examine five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship between most of the words/words. Here the upwelling does not fit the pattern. Here option E is the correct answer.

The majority of the words/phrases are related to the factors that can affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, using carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

Lower rates of photosynthesis indicate a decrease in the amount of light energy that is converted into chemical energy. This can be caused by various factors, including insufficient light, water, or nutrients. Increased phosphorus concentration, high light levels, and increased nitrogen concentration, on the other hand, are all factors that can increase the rate of photosynthesis by providing the necessary nutrients and energy for the process.

Upwelling, however, does not fit this pattern as it is not a direct factor that affects photosynthesis in terrestrial plants. Upwelling refers to the movement of cold, nutrient-rich water from the bottom of the ocean to the surface, which can provide nutrients for marine plants. However, terrestrial plants do not directly benefit from this process as they do not have access to nutrient-rich water.

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Complete question:

Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. choose the one option that does not fit the pattern. group of answer choices

A - lower rates of photosynthesis

B - increased phosphorus concentration

C - high light levels

D - increased nitrogen concentration

E - upwelling

Answer:

Answer:

correct. its true and I absolutely agree with you. good job

Explanation:

Bc y=2x-1^3 is the equation

Answer:

Mutualism

Explanation:

It's mutualism because mutualism means with both people benefit from something

Hope that helps !

Answer:

13

Explanation:

There were 13 new WNV positive dead birds reported in California last week from the following counties: Contra Costa (2), Los Angeles (1), Orange (2), Sacramento (2), San Joaquin (2), and Yolo (4). 261 dead birds from 18 counties have tested positive for WNV in 2020.

Hi there!

Linkage is the term applied when two genes fail to assort independently.

☆ The result is that the parental traits will be maintained.

☆ Also, the linked genes sit close together on a chromosome, making them likely to be inherited together (left).

When the chromosomal location for a disease phenotype has been established, then the genetic linkage scrutiny helps determine whether the disease phenotype is only caused by mutation in a single gene or mutations in other genes, giving rise to an identical or similar phenotype.

Hope that helps!

Answer:

B. the water table

Explanation:

The question above is related to the topic on "Groundwater."  

Groundwater is considered "fresh." It falls into the soil and gets soaked in it. It can stay stored for many years. It is very beneficial because it serves as a source of water for many residential places.

The storage of groundwater relies on two zones: unsaturated zone and saturated zone. The unsaturated zone is the first layer under the surface area of the land. It is followed by the "water table," which lies a little farther from the land surface. After which is the saturated zone where you can find particles of different rocks.

The top of the saturated zone is known as the water table. Therefore, option (B) is correct.

The water table divides the saturated zone, where water fills the crevices between soil or rock particles, from the unsaturated zone, which is air-filled. Precipitation, groundwater exploitation, and seasonality affect the water table. It controls groundwater supply and flow.

Spring or surface water bodies can form where the water table meets the land. Managing water supplies, analysing groundwater flow patterns, and assessing groundwater contamination require water table monitoring.

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The following locations is least likely to harbor commensal microbes is  blood (option- b).

Physical barriers that stop germs from entering possible infection sites include the skin, mucous membranes, and endothelia. These tissues have tight cell connections that block the passage of microorganisms.

T-cell receptors are the innate immune receptors on host cells that can identify bacterial proteins. Several Toll-like receptors can recognize diverse bacterial proteins to help the immune response.

Redness, swelling, heat, discomfort, and loss of tissue function are signs of inflammation at the tissue level and are brought on by local immunological, vascular, and inflammatory cell reactions to infection or damage.

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Pollen cells are plant male gametes. On the other hand, algae cells autotrophic protists.

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Answer:different function, different shape

Explanation:

Answer:

There is less atmosphere to pass through at the Equator compared to the poles. This means more heat from the sun makes it to the surface of the Earth. The changing tilt of the Earth means that the Equator faces the sun all year round whereas the poles can be darkness for six months of the year.

Complete question:

This model of the cell cycle includes two arrows that each represent a process in the cycle.

What do the two arrows represent?

A. Arrow 1 represents prophase, and arrow 2 represents interphase.

B. Arrow 1 represents mitosis, and Arrow 2 represent meiosis.

C. Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

D. Arrow 1 represents meiosis, and Arrow 2 represents prophase.

(You will find the cycle in the attached files)

Answer:

C. Arrow 1 represents interphase, and Arrow 2 represents mitosis.

Explanation:

When we talk about the whole cell cycle we are referring to the interphase and the cell division (mitosis or meiosis).

Interphase: Represented in the cycle by arrow 1.

The interphase is the previous step before mitosis occurs. The interphase is conformed of the G1, S, and G2 stages.  

• During the G1 stage, it occurs a high intense biochemical activity. The cell duplicates its size, and the organelles and other molecules and cytoplasmatic structures duplicate too. Some structures, such as microtubules and actin filaments, are synthesized from zero. The endoplasmic reticulum increases in size and produces a membrane for the Golgi apparatus and vacuoles, lysosomes, and vesicles. During this stage, the pair of centrioles separate, and each centriole duplicates. Mitochondria and chloroplasts also replicate.  

• During the S stage occurs the DNI replication process. At this point, also occurs the synthesis of histones and other associated proteins. This is the only stage where the DNI molecule is replicated.  

• G2 stage is the final one before the cellular division. Here begins the slow process of DNI condensation. Duplication of centrioles completes. Structures such as spindle fibers are assembled.

Once the whole interphase is completed, mitosis occurs.

Mitosis: Represented in the cycle by arrow 2.

Mitosis is a process by which, from a diploid somatic cell (2n), two daughter diploid cells (2n) are produced. During mitosis, the cell separates. Mitosis is divided into four phases (these phases are shown in the cycle with different gray color tones). In the prophase, it occurs chromosomes condensation and nuclear membrane breaks. During the metaphase, fibers of the spindle apparatus capture chromosomes and take them toward the center of the cell, to the equatorial plane, where they line up. Each chromatid joins with a microtubule of opposites poles. Sister chromatids are held together until they reach the Anaphase, during which other enzymes are activated to break the bonds and separate the chromatids, which migrate to the opposite poles. In telophase, the duplicated chromosomes are already in the corresponding poles, and the nuclear membrane forms again in each pole. Finally, occurs cytokinesis.

True. Edema can be caused by an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure or a decrease in capillary colloid osmotic pressure.

Edema refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces, leading to swelling. It can occur due to various factors, including changes in capillary pressures. Capillary hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by the blood within the capillaries. An increase in this pressure can result in the filtration of excessive fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial spaces, leading to edema. On the other hand, capillary colloid osmotic pressure is the pressure created by the presence of proteins, specifically albumin, within the capillaries. These proteins help maintain fluid balance by exerting an osmotic force that draws fluid back into the capillaries. A decrease in capillary colloid osmotic pressure, such as in conditions where there is a reduction in albumin levels or liver disease, can impair this osmotic force and contribute to the development of edema. In summary, edema can indeed be caused by an increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure or a decrease in capillary colloid osmotic pressure. Both of these factors can disrupt the normal balance of fluid movement across the capillary walls, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces and resulting in edema.

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Tornadoes and downbursts are two of the most destructive weather phenomena on earth. While both of them can create strong winds, it's important to distinguish between the two to avoid confusion.

To differentiate between the two, the following steps can be taken:After the event has occurred, check the damage path. Tornadoes can leave a relatively narrow, twisted path that can be hundreds of yards long. On the other hand, the damage from a downburst is often straight-lined and can be more widespread in terms of coverage area.Check the direction of the damage. In a tornado, the damage will generally be aligned with the direction of the wind, but in a downburst, the damage will often be perpendicular to the direction of the wind.

Check the atmospheric conditions before the storm. If a tornado is expected, the atmosphere will be charged with energy and very unstable. A downburst, on the other hand, can be caused by a simple thunderstorm. So, if the atmospheric conditions were calm and there was no warning of a tornado, then it was probably a downburst.Vorticity is a term used to describe the rotation of air masses around an axis or an imaginary line. It is a crucial component of supercell formation. When wind shear is present, vorticity can be created in a supercell.

A supercell is a thunderstorm with a rotating updraft. When this happens, a horizontal tube of spinning air is created, and this tube can be stretched and rotated vertically, forming a mesocyclone. A mesocyclone is the precursor to the formation of a tornado. The strength of the vorticity in the mesocyclone is what determines whether a tornado will form or not. The stronger the vorticity, the more likely a tornado will form. Therefore, vorticity plays a significant role in the formation of supercells.

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Replication is called semi-conservative because half of the original DNA strand is used as a template to synthesize a new complementary strand.

During DNA replication, the double-stranded DNA molecule unwinds and separates into two individual strands. Each of these strands then serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand.

In semi-conservative replication, one of the strands acts as the template for the synthesis of a new strand, while the other original strand remains intact.

As a result, after replication, each new DNA molecule consists of one strand that is newly synthesized and one strand that is conserved from the original molecule.

This process ensures that the genetic information is faithfully passed on to the next generation, with each new DNA molecule containing one old strand and one newly synthesized strand.

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Karyotypes and chromosome information is taken from metaphase I of meiosis, option A is correct.

The karyotype is a pictorial representation of the complete set of chromosomes of an individual or a species. It provides information about the number, size, shape, and banding pattern of chromosomes. The information for karyotypes is usually taken from metaphase I of meiosis.

Metaphase I is the stage of meiosis when homologous chromosomes pair up and line up at the equator of the cell, ready to separate during anaphase I. At this stage, the chromosomes are fully condensed and visible under a microscope. They are arranged in homologous pairs, with one chromosome from each parent, option A is correct.

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The correct question is:

Karyotypes and chromosome information is taken from what phase?

A) metaphase I

B) prophase I

C) Prophase II

D) metaphase II

Option D. Minerals in the rock stretched under the pressure of Earth's moving plates.

Gneiss is a metamorphic rock that forms from the transformation of pre-existing rocks under high temperature and pressure conditions. It is characterized by its banded appearance, with alternating light and dark layers. These bands, known as foliation, are a result of the mineral grains in the rock being stretched and aligned in parallel orientations.

The formation of gneiss typically occurs during regional metamorphism, where rocks are subjected to intense pressure and heat over large areas. As tectonic plates collide or undergo significant deformation, immense pressure is exerted on the rocks. This pressure causes the minerals within the rock to recrystallize and reorganize, resulting in the alignment of mineral grains along planes of foliation.

The alternating light and dark bands in gneiss are primarily due to variations in mineral composition. Light-colored bands usually consist of minerals such as quartz and feldspar, while dark bands often contain minerals like biotite or amphibole. The differential pressure during metamorphism can cause these minerals to segregate into distinct layers, creating the banded appearance.

In summary, the bands in gneiss form as a result of the minerals in the rock stretching and aligning under the pressure exerted by Earth's moving plates during regional metamorphism. This process leads to the distinctive banded texture observed in gneiss. Therefore the correct option is D

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

New cells can only come from already existing cells, therefore neither plants nor fungi can create new cells

According to the cell theory, the cells of both plant and fungal organisms are able take in nutrients, and both can produce new cells. Thus option B is correct.

Plants are autotrophic eukaryotic organism with different parts like root, stem, leaves etc. Fungi are the heterotrophic eukaryotic organism with undifferentiated body.

plant cell have cell wall made up of cellulose while fungal cell wall are septate or aseptate composed up chitin.

Plant cell are uninucleate but fungal cell are both uninucleate or multinucleated.

Chloroplast present in plant cell but absent in fungal cell.

Plant cell membrane have phytosterol where as fungal cell membrane have ergosterol.

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A deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen- containing base (A,C,T,G) make up a the monomer of DNA.​ (True)

Aldοpentοse sugar with an aldehyde group attached is called deoxyribose. This aids the enzymes in the body's ability to distinguish between ribonucleic and deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribose's byproducts play a significant part in biology.

All forms of life derive their genetic information primarily from their DNA. Adenine, thiamine, guanine, and cytosine are among the bases that make up DNA nucleotides.

Life itself, as well as technology and culture, depend on chemical reactions in some fundamental way. Chemical reactions were used in many prehistoric processes, including the burning of fuels, the smelting of iron, the production of glass and pottery, the brewing of beer and wine, and the production of cheese. Chemical reactions are prevalent in the geology, atmosphere, oceans, and a wide range of intricate processes that occur in all living systems on Earth.

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Complete question:

State whether the given statement is true or false.

A deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen- containing base (A,C,T,G) make up a the monomer of DNA.​

Answer:

1) Markets need to be better integrated on a local, provincial, and national level to avoid an accumulation of surpluses, which depresses prices and leads to a poverty trap for farmers.

2)Food too expensive to be purchased will rot in the warehouse. Food too unprofitable to harvest will be lost in the field. Meal servings that are twice what a person can eat will be partially discarded. A perfectly edible apple with harmless spots or a misshapen carrot might be tossed in a landfill.

3)The world's food supply is abundant, not scarce. The world's production of grain and other foods is sufficient to provide at least 4.3 pounds of food per person, per day. The real reason for hunger in the world is poverty, which often strikes women--the nutritional gatekeepers in many families--the hardest. Economists argue that resolving hunger requires political solutions and not just agro-technical solutions. According to them, instead of looking at biotechnology as a yet unproven and non-existent breakthrough, decision makers should look at the full body of research that shows that solutions to eliminate hunger are not technological in nature, but rooted in basic socio-economic realities.

4)genetic-engineering process could cause “unnatural” changes in a plant's own naturally occurring proteins or metabolic pathways and result in the unexpected production of toxins or allergens in food

5)It will help you and your family make healthy choices about the foods you are buying.

Explanation:

Answer:

1) Diffusion : Is the movement of molecules / ions from a region of higher to lower concentration. It may or may not occur across a semi permeable membrane.

In diffusion there is no challenge involved as it is along the concentration gradient, but in active transport movement of molecules occur against concentration gradient ie; from lower to higher concentration.

2) For active transport, energy is vital for movement, in this case protein molecules function as molecular pumps to enable the cell accumulate glucose/ions, against concentration gradient. Here metabolic energy ATP is required.

3)Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport in which ions/molecules cross the semi permeable membrane because permeases present in the membrane facilitate the transport.

Like simple diffusion facilitated diffusion doesn't require metabolic energy and simply occurs across the concentration gradient.

4) Osmosis : is movement of water from hypotonic solution (lower concentration) to hypertonic solution (higher concentration) through a semi permeable membrane.

The cell membrane being permeable to water allows to and fro movement of water molecules along the concentration gradient.

Answer:

1) Directly

2) Somatosensory

Explanation:

The tactile sensitivity of a body part is directly related to the size of the somatosensory cortex devoted to processing its sensations.

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Answer:

granite

Explanation:or basalt

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