Answer:
a. protein shell
Explanation:
The protein shell is similar in structure to the cell membrane. so the correct option is A.
What is the structure of the virus?
Viruses are simple microscopic structures. They are infectious in nature with the ability to multiply only in living cells of animals, plants, or bacteria.
These are extremely small, even smaller than bacteria. They have a single- or double-stranded nucleic acid as genetic material. The genetic material can be in the form of DNA or RNA. It is surrounded by a protein shell called a capsid. Some viruses have an outer envelope that is composed of lipids and proteins outside of the capsid. They have various varieties of shapes.
RNA viruses and DNA viruses are the two main classes of viruses. A virus is inactive when it is outside of a living cell. It can only multiply within an appropriate host cell.
The virus can overtake the metabolic machinery of the cell to produce new virus particles called virions.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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which of these consumers might depend on plankton for its energy? krill orca rabbit seaweed PLEASE ANSWER ASAP
Answer:
Krill and orca are both consumers that depend on plankton for their energy. Krill are small, shrimp-like animals that are a major food source for many marine animals, including orcas. Orcas are large, apex predators that hunt in packs to catch krill and other small marine animals. Rabbits and seaweed are not consumers that depend on plankton for their energy. Rabbits are herbivores that eat plants, and seaweed is a plant that gets its energy from the sun.
Here is a table that shows the relationship between these consumers and plankton:
Consumer : Relationship to plankton
Krill: Plankton is a major food source
Orca: Plankton is a prey item
Rabbit: Plankton is not a food source
Seaweed: Plankton is not a food source
2. To know more about preservatives.
To know about the different methods of preservation.
a) Collect the wrappers of frozen and canned food items and milk.
b) Find about the preservatives present in these food items.
c) List the various preservatives and methods of their preservation.
A chemical preservative stops items from decomposing. Some preservatives are used to cure wood or metal, while others are applied to food. Food preservation is "the science that deals with the process of preventing food from decaying or spoiling so that it can be stored in a fit condition for future use." Food quality, edibility, and nutritional content are all guaranteed via preservation.
They are not tainted with harmful substances or dangerous organisms.It does not lose its excellent color, texture, taste, or nutritional content.What are the different methods of Food Preservation?Drying: The oldest method of food preservation is drying. By using this technique, water activity is reduced, preventing bacterial growth. Drying makes food lighter so it can be transported more readily. Modern drying methods include bed dryers, fluidized bed dryers, freeze drying, shelf dryers, spray drying, commercial food dehydrators, and household ovens, in addition to the traditional methods of using the sun and wind. Examples of dried items using this technique include meat and fruits, apples, apricots, and grapes.
Freezing: Food prepared and frozen is kept in cold storage. Although potatoes can be controlled in dark areas, potato preparations must be frozen.
Smoking: Food is cooked, flavored, and preserved through smoking, which exposes it to wood smoke. Meats and fish are typically smoked because the smoke has antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Assorted smoking techniques are employed, including hot smoking, cold smoking, smoke roasting, and smoke baking. Smoking increases the risk of cancer when used as a preservative.
Vacuum packing creates: By making bottles and bags impermeable, vacuum packing creates a vacuum. Bacteria perish because there is no oxygen in the newly generated vacuum. Typically applied to dry fruit.
Salting and Pickling: Curing, commonly referred to as salting, removes moisture from goods like meat. Pickling is the process of preserving food in a salt solution (brine) or vinegar (acetic acid); in Asia, food is sometimes preserved in oil. At a 20% concentration, salt kills and stops the growth of microorganisms. Pickling can be done in many ways, including chemical pickling and fermentation pickling. To extend the shelf life of commercial pickles, sodium benzoate or EDTA is added.
Sugar: Fruits can be preserved with sugar in syrup form or crystallized form, depending on whether the material to be preserved is boiled in the sugar until it crystallizes, like candied peel and ginger. Another use is for fruit superficially coated in sugar syrup and then glazed. Alcohol and sugar are combined with preserving upscale foods like fruit in brandy.
Lye: Lye, also referred to as sodium hydroxide, makes food alkaline and inhibits the growth of microorganisms.
Canning and bottling: Sealing cooked food in sterile bottles and cans is the definition of canning and bottling. Boiling the container destroys or weakens bacteria. Various amounts of time or space are used for cooking food. The food is more at risk of rotting after the can or bottle has been opened.
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How does a butterfly comes out of a cocoon
Answer:
The process of a butterfly emerging from its chrysalis is called eclosion. Eclosion is controlled by hormones. ... The butterfly then crawls the rest of the way out of the chrysalis, exposing the abdomen and wings. The butterfly hangs upside down from the chrysalis or a nearby surface to complete the emergence process.
Part A: Research a Forest
Use credible resources to research the type of forest you chose and address these questions:
Where is this forest located?
What is the climate of this region?
What types of plants and animals live there?
Why is deforestation of this region a threat?
Is deforestation currently occurring in this region? If so, what is the primary cause?
Write a paragraph that answers the questions.
Mrs. Lambert is teaching biology students the process of photosynthesis and its relationship with the carbon cycle. Mrs. Lambert asked the students to explain how photosynthesis takes part in the carbon cycle. You are the chosen one! Please describe how photosynthesis contributes to the carbon cycle!
Photosynthesis is a process that takes place in green plants, algae, and some bacteria, where carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose () and oxygen ().
How carbon cycle takes part through photosynthesis?
The process of photosynthesis is driven by light energy from the sun, which is captured by chlorophyll in the plant and used to power the reaction. In photosynthesis, the carbon from the is incorporated into the glucose molecule and released into the atmosphere as oxygen. The glucose is then used by the plant as a source of energy and as a building block for other organic compounds, such as cellulose and starch. The carbon cycle is a series of processes that regulate the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, the land, the oceans, and living organisms. In the carbon cycle, photosynthesis plays a crucial role by removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and incorporating it into living plants.
In this way, photosynthesis helps to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by taking it up from the air and using it to build organic compounds and then releasing it back into the air through respiration and decomposition.
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This is an assignment: - Investigate a project to implement an Electronic Medical Record system (as a case study in some health organization), from the point of view of its general architecture, standards used, benefits and barriers to overcome. Prepare a short report. Justify your answer
Introduction Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a computer-based record system that stores and maintains patients' medical records, including their clinical history, treatment plans, and medical charts. The EMR system ensures that a patient's medical history can be accessed quickly, thus making medical treatment and diagnosis easier for healthcare providers.
The implementation of an EMR system in a healthcare organization is a massive project, requiring an in-depth understanding of the architecture and the standards that apply to the project. General Architecture of EMR An EMR system is built up of different modules such as administrative modules, clinical modules, and financial modules.
The administrative modules are used to manage the patient's information and medical history. The clinical modules are used to store the patient's clinical information, including lab results, diagnosis, and treatment plans. The financial modules are used to manage the financial aspects of the patient's treatment. The architecture of the EMR system must comply with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations. Standards Used in EMR Implementation EMR implementation requires the use of various standards such as the Health Level Seven International (HL7) and the Clinical Document Architecture (CDA). HL7 is a standard used for the exchange of clinical and administrative data between healthcare systems, whereas CDA is a standard used for the exchange of clinical documents between healthcare providers.
Benefits of EMR Implementation The benefits of implementing an EMR system in a healthcare organization include increased efficiency, improved patient safety, reduced medical errors, and cost savings. EMR implementation ensures that the patient's medical history is available to healthcare providers, thus making the treatment process more efficient. It also reduces the risk of medical errors by providing accurate and up-to-date patient information.
Barriers to Overcome in EMR Implementation The implementation of an EMR system in a healthcare organization is not without challenges. Some of the barriers that must be overcome include cost, privacy, and security concerns. EMR implementation is costly, and healthcare organizations must ensure that they have adequate funds to undertake the project.
The privacy and security of the patient's medical information are also major concerns, and healthcare organizations must ensure that the EMR system complies with the HIPAA regulations. Conclusion EMR implementation is a massive project that requires an in-depth understanding of the general architecture, standards used, benefits, and barriers to overcome. The implementation of an EMR system in a healthcare organization provides numerous benefits, including increased efficiency, improved patient safety, and cost savings. However, the implementation process is not without challenges, and healthcare organizations must ensure that they address all the barriers to ensure the success of the project.
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A common genetic mutation that lowers levels of the enzyme cathepsin C severely reduces a person’s ability to ward off periodontitis, or gum disease. The enzyme triggers immunological reactions that destroy diseased cells and eliminate infections
in the mouth. But researchers are developing ways to restore the enzyme to normal levels. Once that happens, we will be able to eliminate periodontitis.
Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Restoring cathepsin C to normal levels is the only way to eliminate periodontitis.
(B) Genetic mutation is the only cause of lowered levels of cathepsin C.
(C) Researchers will soon succeed in finding means of restoring cathepsin C to normal levels.
(D) Persons who do not have the genetic mutation that lowers levels of cathepsin C do not get gum disease.
(E) A person whose cathepsin C level has been restored to normal will not suffer from periodontitis.
Answer:
(E) A person whose cathepsin C level has been restored to normal will not suffer from periodontitis.
Explanation:
Considering the fact that there may be some other causes of periodontitis aside from the lowered levels of the enzyme.
Therefore, should there be some other causes of periodontitis, hence, it can be concluded the process of restoring the enzyme to normal levels might not be sufficient for eliminating periodontitis.
Hence, the author's argument is solely based on this assumption, and option. Hence, option (E) is the correct answer.
A new trait appears in a group of previously isolated people; they used to live on an island and recently had to relocate to a different region, meeting another group who already lives there. This is an example of :_________.
A. gene flow
B. genetic drift
C. allele reproduction.
D. speciation.
The new trait appears in a group of previously isolated people is an
example of genetic drift.
What is Genetic drift?
This is defined as the random fluctuations in the frequencies of alleles
from generation to generation due to occurring events which makes the
trait to be present or disappear.
The new trait appearing as a result of events such as migration helps to
infer that it is genetic drift.
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(A)Commensalism(B)Parasitism(C)Mutualism(D)Predation(E)CompetitionExemplified by ticks feeding on a deer.ABCDE
Discuss the following terms:
asexual reproduction
nuclear membrane
reproduction
tetrad
gene
chromosome
nucleus
daughter cell
parent cell
The explanation of the following terms are seen below:
Asexual reproduction - This is a type of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent. Nuclear membrane - This is a double-layered membrane which separates the nucleus from the remaining part of the cell.Reproduction - This is the process in which an offspring is produced from parent cells.Tetrad - This is a group of four cells which are formed from a parent cell by meiosis. Gene - This is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity.Chromosome - This is a long DNA molecule which has part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Nucleus - This is an organelle which contains chromosomes and controls the activities of the cell.Daughter cell - These are the offspring produced from the parent cell during reproduction.Parent cell - This is the starting cell for the process of cell division and form the daughter cell.What is Reproduction?This is referred to as the biological process by which new individual organism are formed from the parents.
There are two type which are called sexual and asexual reproduction and they have their unique features and techniques.
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scientists speculate that the ancestors of platyrrhine primates reached south america and the caribbean islands from africa by rafting across the sea on islands of floating vegetation.T/F
True, scientists speculate that the ancestors of platyrrhine primates (New World monkeys) reached South America and the Caribbean islands from Africa by rafting across the sea on islands of floating vegetation.
This hypothesis is supported by the fact that there are no fossil records of these primates in North America, suggesting a direct trans-Atlantic crossing.
It is believed that platyrrhines originated in Africa and spread into South America sometime in the middle to late Eocene. The earliest fossil record, known as Parapithecids, was very recently found in Santa Rosa, Peru, and is thought to date from the late Eocene.
The significant physical similarities between Parapithecids and the North African late Eocene Talahpithecus, which share nearly identical diagnostic characteristics, such as cusps, crests, and basins in the upper molars, supports the evidence for an African origin.
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What sentence best supports the statement that hormones are involved in the regulation of homeostasis?
A.
The hormone melatonin induces sleep and its production is slowed by exposure to light.
B.
The hormone oxytocin promotes labor contractions of the uterus during childbirth.
C.
The hormone cortisol suppresses the immune system and is produced when the body is under stress.
D.
The hormone erythropoeitin increases the production of red blood cells when oxygen levels are low.
Answer:
The hormone erythropoeitin increases the production of red blood cells when oxygen levels are low.
Explanation:
Which of the following is a chemical change?
a. cutting a rope
b. burning sugar
c. bending a steel rod
d. melting gold
e. making a snowman
The option which represents a chemical change among the given options is option B which states "burning sugar".
A chemical change is a type of change in which the substances in the substance themselves are changed into one or more different substances with different physical and chemical properties. During a chemical reaction, the chemical identity of the substance(s) involved is altered.
Hence, when we are observing a chemical change, we can see a change in color, odor, and temperature, etc. All these chemical changes are generally irreversible
Physical change can be differentiated from a chemical change based on the fact that physical change only alters the state or size of a substance. Whereas, a chemical change alters the chemical identity of the substance, by changing its chemical composition and properties.
The given options are: a. cutting a rope b. burning sugar c. bending a steel rod. melting gold e. making a snowman Option a, "cutting a rope" is a physical change. Option b, "burning sugar" is a chemical change. Option c, "bending a steel rod" is a physical change. Option d, "melting gold" is a physical change. Option e, "making a snowman" is a physical change.
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Photosynthesis in a plant cell would be most severely limited by removal of the cell
What creates the electrochemical gradient?
The electrochemical gradient is created by a combination of two forces: a chemical gradient and an electrical gradient.
The chemical gradient is the result of the concentration gradient of ions or molecules across a membrane, which causes ions or molecules to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
The electrical gradient, on the other hand, is the result of the difference in charge across the membrane. This can be caused by ion pumps or channels that create a difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell.
Together, these two forces create the electrochemical gradient, which drives the movement of ions or molecules across the membrane.
The electrochemical gradient is created by the combination of a chemical gradient and an electrical gradient, which work together to move ions or molecules across the membrane.
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what is a Soil horizon?
Answer:
their are two types of soil horizon 1 topsoil 2 subsoil
A __________ is a tiny, excitable cell that receives stimulation and transmits information to other cells.
A neuron is a tiny, excitable cell that receives stimulation and transmits information to other cells. A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits signals electrically and chemically. It is the fundamental unit of the nervous system, and it is capable of receiving, processing, and transmitting information.
The human nervous system has roughly 86 billion neurons. The neurons are responsible for transmitting information to and from the brain. They are also responsible for relaying information within the brain itself. The neurons form complex networks and pathways that allow the brain to function.Neurons have many different shapes and sizes, but they all have the same basic structure. A neuron consists of three main parts: dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. The dendrites are responsible for receiving information from other cells.
The neuron is the basic building block of the nervous system. It is responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information. The neuron has a complex structure, with many different parts that work together to allow it to function. The dendrites receive information from other cells, the cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles that keep the neuron alive, and the axon transmits information to other cells.
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Which of the following best describes two identical copies of chromosomes made during S phase?
A:Cytokinesis
B:Sister chromatid
C:Spindle fiber
D:Centromere
what is the reason why every living thing on earth
has the chance of survival?
members of which bacterial phylum share a unique morphology?
a. oxygenic photosynthesis
b. Spirochaetes
c. At the base of cyanobacteria
The answer is (b) Spirochaetes. Members of which bacterial phylum share a unique morphology is Spirochaetes.
Microscopic organisms are a different gathering of microorganisms that can be tracked down anyplace on The planet. They are characterized into various phyla in view of their remarkable attributes, like their morphology, digestion, and living space.
One of these phyla, Spirochaetes, is known for its particular twisting shape, which separates it from different microorganisms. Spirochaetes are known to cause a few illnesses, including syphilis and Lyme sickness, which can be communicated to people through contact with contaminated creatures or ticks.
Another phylum, cyanobacteria, is remarkable in light of the fact that it is fit for oxygenic photosynthesis, and that implies that it produces oxygen as a result of photosynthesis. This cycle is significant for supporting life on The planet, as it delivers most of the oxygen in our environment. Cyanobacteria are likewise known for shaping huge, complex designs called stromatolites, which are probably the earliest known proof of life on The planet.
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What's the independent variable? What's the dependent variable? How many bacteria were found at 30 degrees? How many bacteria were found at 15 degrees? How many more bacteria were found at 20 degrees than 10 degrees? How many more bacteria were found at 35 degrees than 0 degrees?
Answer: Temperature is the independent variable. The number of bacteria is the dependent variable.
Explanation:
The dependent and independent variables are the two main variables of any experiment or research.
A dependent variable is one whose values depend on another variable. In a function it is usually represented by 'y'. This variable 'y' is a function of the variable 'x', which is the independent variable. An independent variable is one whose value does not depend on that of another variable.
So, the independent variable is the one that changes or is controlled to study its effects on the dependent variable. The dependent is the variable that is investigated and measured.
The independent variable is represented on the x-axis (horizontal line) of a graph, while the dependent variable is represented on the y-axis (vertical line).
In your example, the temperature is the independent variable, because it does not depend on anything and its influence can affect the number of bacteria. And it can be changed or controlled by the scientists. The number of bacteria is the dependent variable, because it depends on the temperature. Also, the number of bacteria is what it is being measured, and can not be changed by the scientists.
the breakdown of complex glycogen molecules into simple glucose molecules is most accurately described as
The breakdown of complex glycogen molecules into simple glucose molecules is described as Glycogenolysis.
When the levels of ATP are low the live cells trigger the glycogenolysis process. Glycogenolysis occurs when levels of adenosine triphosphate, The energy molecule used in the cell is low, and if there is low glucose in the blood, Since glycogenolysis is a way of freeing the glucose and that glucose is used in the formation of adenosine triphosphate(ATP), It happens when energy is low and when more energy is needed
Glycogen synthesis of glucose takes place in many tissues, but it is particularly important in the liver and muscle where its functional relevance and magnitude are more significant. Gluconeogenesis is a process that transforms noncarbohydrate substrate like amino acid, and glycerol into glucose.
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Why does assortment of genes take place in meiosis 1.
Answer:
During meiosis, the pairs of homologous chromosome are divided in half to form haploid cells, and this separation, or assortment, of homologous chromosomes is random. This means that all of the maternal chromosomes will not be separated into one cell, while the all paternal chromosomes are separated into another.
what are the similarities and diff erences between the strain of bacteria that kayla carries and the typical hospitalacquired version of mrsa?
Kayla carries Staphylococcus aureus and it is different from MRSA as MRSA does not respond well to a number of antibiotics and only responds to a few. They are similar as infections that are caused by them are skin infections.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or the MRSA infection is caused by a type of staph or Staphylococcus bacteria that has become resistant to a number of the antibiotics which are used to treat ordinary staph infections.
Kayla basically carries Staphylococcus aureus and it is different from MRSA as MRSA being resistant, does not respond well to a number of antibiotics and only responds to just a few. They are similar as infections that are caused by them usually start skin infections but can possibly spread from the skin to the other areas of the body.
--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Kayla suffers from Osteomyelitis for which the most common cause is Staphylococcus aureus. What are the similarities and differences between the strain of bacteria that Kayla carries and the typical hospital acquired version of MRSA?"--
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Using the characteristics of life, explain why your lab stool is not alive.
Some of the important characteristics of life are:-
Metabolism: It is a major characteristic of life without exception. All living organisms are made of chemicals. These chemicals, small or big, belonging to various classes, sizes, functions, etc., are constantly being made and changed into other biomolecules. These conversions are chemical reactions or metabolic reactions.
The sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in our body is metabolism.
No non-living object exhibits metabolism here for eg. a lab stool that does not exhibit metabolism and hence is not alive.
Reproduction, is also a characteristic of living organisms but with a few exceptions. No non-living object is capable of reproducing or replicating by itself. Hence again it shows why a lab stool is not alive as it cannot reproduce as a living organism can.
The most complicated feature of all living organisms is the ability to sense their environment and respond to these environmental stimuli which could be physical, chemical, or biological. No nonliving object possesses such qualities.
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A stool is non-living as it does not possess any of the characteristics of a living organism.
Characteristics of life are
1.Sensitivity or Response to Stimuli- Living organisms shows response to diverse stimuli like plants shows sensitivity to light, they bend towards the source of light. A stool does not show any kind of response to different stimuli.
2.Reproduction- All the living organisms are capable of reproduction whether sexually or asexually but a stool having no living cells is not capable of reproduction.
3.Growth and Development- Organisms do show growth in their body and their structure but a stool is similar all the time it cannot grow on its own, it can only be modified with human efforts.
4.Energy Processing- All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities. Some use energy from sun like plants and some use chemical energy from different substances to carry out metabolic activities. A Stool cannot perform metabolic activities in it as it has no living cells.
5.Regulatory mechanism- Even the smallest organisms are having complex structures and require multiple regulatory mechanisms to perform functions, respond to stimuli, and do other many things.
Hernce from the above points we can conclude that a stool is nonliving object as it does not show any response to stimuli, has no growth and development, is incapable of reproduction, also need no energy.
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molecular epidemiology applies the techniques of molecular biology to epidemiologic studies
Molecular epidemiology is a field that incorporates the techniques of molecular biology into epidemiological studies. It combines molecular techniques, such as DNA sequencing, genotyping, and gene expression analysis, with traditional epidemiological methods to better understand the distribution, transmission, and determinants of diseases at the molecular level.
By utilizing molecular tools, molecular epidemiology allows researchers to investigate the genetic and molecular characteristics of pathogens, identify risk factors associated with disease development, and explore the interactions between genes and the environment. These approaches can help unravel the underlying mechanisms of diseases, assess disease transmission patterns, and guide public health interventions.
Molecular epidemiology has proven particularly useful in studying infectious diseases, genetic disorders, and chronic diseases with a genetic component. It can provide insights into the identification of disease-causing agents, the tracking of disease outbreaks, the development of targeted therapies, and the identification of high-risk populations.
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Which of the following shows natural selection?Select one:a.A horse's parents were racers. The fastest horses are bred to produce the fastest offspring.b.Some tuna live in the Pacific Ocean. They are fast swimmers so they are likely to survive and pass on their genes.c.Some trees produce apples for baking. Seeds from the largest apples are kept to produce the next generation of trees.d.Certain rabbits are raised for fur. Rabbits with soft fur are bred with other rabbits with soft fur. They eat grain and vegetables.
Natural selection is the process in which some organisms that show better adaptation to the environment are more likely to produce an offspring. In the case of the exercise, the answer is:
b. Some tuna live in the Pacific Ocean. They are fast, so they are likely to survive and pass on their genes.
It means that as they are better adapted to that environment due to the fact they are fast swimmers, they are likely not only to survive, but to pass their genes and produce offsprings.
the process that destroys all microbial life including spores is called __
The process that destroys all microbial life including spores is called Sterilization.
What is Sterilization?
The foundational elements of hospital infection control procedures are sterilization and disinfection. Numerous hospitals carry out various surgical operations every day. Numerous invasive treatments are carried out in various healthcare facilities.
The risk of introducing infections into the patient's body is enhanced when a medical device or surgical instrument comes into touch with the sterile tissue or mucous membrane of the patient during the various processes.
Additionally, there is a potential that an infection will spread from one patient to another, from a patient to a member of the medical staff and vice versa, or from the environment to the patient through improperly sanitized or disinfected equipment.
Thus, The process that destroys all microbial life including spores is called Sterilization.
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What did Hernan Cortes find on his explorer?
Answer:
Central America
Explanation:
Moving ridges of water on the surface of the ocean caused by wind and constantly cause weathering along the shoreline. *
Answer:
Waves
Explanation:
Waves are moving bodies of water that crash against the shore and cause erosion.