What would happen if you reduce the incubation time of pepsin, bapna, ph7.0 buffer?

Answer:

So, if a rock is changed or broken but stays where it is, it is called weathering. If the pieces of weathered rock are moved away, it is called erosion.

Explanation:

Donate to their twitch and become a tier 5 sub.

The pH of the solution prepared by adding 20.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl to 80.0 mL of a buffer that is comprised of 0.25 M NH₃ and 0.25 M NH₄Cl is 3.79.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NH₃ and HCl is:

NH₃ (aq) + HCl (aq) → NH₄⁺ (aq) + Cl⁻ (aq)

Before any HCl is added, the solution contains 80.0 mL of a buffer solution that is comprised of 0.25 M NH₃ and 0.25 M NH₄Cl. NH₃ is a weak base, and its dissociation in water can be represented as follows:

NH₃ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ NH₄⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq)

The base dissociation constant (Kb) for NH₃ is 1.8 x 10⁻⁵ at 25°C.

After adding 20.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl to the buffer solution, the amount of NH₃ remaining in the solution will react with the HCl to form NH₄⁺ and Cl⁻. The amount of HCl added to the solution is:

moles of HCl = M x V = 0.100 mol/L x 0.020 L

                                   = 0.002 mol

Since NH₃ is a weak base, the buffer will resist changes in pH upon addition of HCl. The added HCl will react with NH₃ in the buffer solution to form NH₄⁺ and Cl⁻ ions. The NH₄⁺ ion is the conjugate acid of NH₃ and will slightly increase the acidity of the solution.

The amount of NH₃ that reacts with the HCl is:

Moles of NH₃ = moles of HCl

                        = 0.002 mol

The remaining amount of NH₃ in the solution is:

Initial moles of NH₃ - moles of NH₃ that reacted = (0.25 mol/L x 0.080 L) - 0.002 mol = 0.018 mol

The amount of NH₄⁺ that forms is equal to the amount of NH₃ that reacted:

0.002 mol of NH₃ = 0.002 mol of NH₄⁺

The concentration of NH₃ in the final solution is:

[ NH₃ ] = moles of NH₃ / total volume of solution

           = 0.018 mol / 0.100 L = 0.18 M

The concentration of NH₄⁺ in the final solution is:

[ NH₄⁺ ] = moles of NH₄⁺ / total volume of solution

            = 0.002 mol / 0.100 L = 0.02 M

The concentration of H⁺  in the final solution can be calculated using the equilibrium constant expression for NH₃:

Kb = [ NH₃ ][ OH⁻ ] / [ NH₃ ]

[ H⁺ ] = Kb x [ NH₃ ] / [ NH₃ ] = (1.8 x 10⁻⁵) x (0.18 mol) / (0.02 mol) = 0.000162 M

The pH of the final solution can be calculated as:

pH = -㏒[H⁺] = -log(0.000162) = 3.79

Therefore, the pH of the solution obtained by adding 20.0 mL of 0.100 M HCl to 80.0 mL of a buffer containing 0.25 M NH₃ and 0.25 M NH₄Cl is 3.79.

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NH\(_3\) and H\(_2\)O are the major species present in a 0. 150-M NH solution. pOH is 2.79 and pH is 11.21.

pH (commonly known as acidity in chemistry, has historically stood for "the potential of hydrogen" (as well as "power of hydrogen").[1] This is a scale employed to describe how basic or how acidic an aqueous solution is. When compared to basic or alkaline solutions, acidic solutions—those with higher hydrogen (H+) ion concentrations—are measured with lower pH values.

Since NH3 is weak base . A weak base con not ionize completely to prodcue NH4+ and OH-.So the major species are NH3 & H2O only.

NH\(_3\)+H\(_2\)O→NH\(_4\)⁺ +OH⁻

Kb=[NH\(_4\)⁺ ][ OH⁻]/NH\(_3\)

1.8×10⁻⁵ =X²/0. 150

X=1.64×10⁻³

pOH = -log[1.64×10⁻³]

       = 2.79

pH =14-2.79=11.21

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The naming of compound can be obtained by following the IUPAC principle. This is shown below:

For the 1st diagram:

Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: 3,3-dimethylpentane

For the 2nd diagram:

Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: pentene

For the 3rd diagram:

Thus, the IUPAC name for the compound is: 2,2,3-trimethylhexane

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\(\\ \sf\longmapsto F_{net}=5N-5N+10N-10N\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto F_{net}=0+0=0N\)

The object will not change the position .

The polar covalent bonds that hold the oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within a molecule of water, the hydrogen bonds that hold multiple water molecules together are much stronger.

The above statement is True.

Compared to the polar covalent bonds that hold oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within a water molecule, the hydrogen bonds that hold a together are much stronger. A hydrogen bond is a type of intermolecular force that occurs between a positively charged hydrogen atom of one molecule add a negatively charged oxygen or nitrogen atom of another molecule. These bonds are much stronger than the typical dipole-dipole forces that occur between polar molecules and are a major contributor to water's unique physical and biological properties.

Multiple water molecules are held together by strong, which are much more stronger than the polar covalent relationships that keep the hydrogen and oxygen atoms elements together within a single water molecule. As weak attractive forces, hydrogen bonds are much weaker than covalent polar bonds.

As a result, the proton end of the molecule is partly positively charged, whereas the oxygenation end is partially negatively charged. By virtue of its covalently bonded bonding and curving shape, water is characterized as a polar covalent. Molecular water hydrogen bonds Water molecules are attracted to each other happily because the their polarity.

A hydrogen atom that is slightly  will bind to a hydrogen atom that is slightly in a hydrogen bond. They could be detected between water molecules.

Complete Question:

Compared to the polar covalent bonds that hold the oxygen and hydrogen atoms together within a molecule of water, the hydrogen bonds that hold multiple water molecules together are much stronger. True/False ?

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The element with the fewest valence electrons among the chemical elements listed is: B. Sodium (Na).

Valence electrons can be defined as the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom of a chemical element.

Basically, valence electrons determines whether an atom or group of chemical elements found in a periodic table can bond with others.

This ultimately implies that, the number of valence electrons in a chemical element determines its chemical reactivity with other chemical elements.  

In the periodic table, chemical elements that are having the same number of valence electrons are found in the same group (column).  

Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of eleven (11) and as such it has one (1) valence electron in its outermost shell.

In conclusion, Sodium (Na) is the element with the fewest valence electrons among the chemical elements listed.

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This question is incomplete because it is lacking the necessary answer options, which I have provided below:

A. Beryllium (Be).

B. Sodium (Na).

C. Oxygen (O).

D. Neon (Ne).

Answer and explanation

The solvent in the graph is water (H2O), water tells us that these substances dissolve at different amount of water, and the dissolvation is different in different temperatures in water. For example, NaCl readily dissolves in water.

Answer:

Explanation:

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A. Ca2+ < Cl− < S2−. Ca2+

B. Na+ < Br− < Rb+. Na+

C. 5s

D. B and Al

A. To place Ca2+, S2−, and Cl− in order of increasing radius, consider their charges and positions on the periodic table. The order is Ca2+ < Cl− < S2−. Ca2+ has a smaller radius due to losing 2 electrons and having a greater nuclear charge.
Cl− and S2− have gained electrons, but S2− has a larger radius because it's lower in the periodic table and has more electron shells.

B. To place Br−, Na+, and Rb+ in order of increasing radius, consider their charges and positions on the periodic table. The order is Na+ < Br− < Rb+. Na+ has a smaller radius due to losing an electron and having a greater nuclear charge.
Br− and Rb+ are in the same group, but Rb+ has a larger radius because it is lower in the periodic table and has more electron shells.

C. The ground state electron configuration for Sr (strontium) is [Kr] 5s². This is because Sr has 38 electrons, and when filling the electron shells following the aufbau principle, the last two electrons are placed in the 5s subshell.

D. To determine how many of the following elements have 1 unpaired electron in the ground state (B, Al, Se, Cl), look at their electron configurations:
- B (boron): [He] 2s² 2p¹ - 1 unpaired electron
- Al (aluminum): [Ne] 3s² 3p¹ - 1 unpaired electron
- Se (selenium): [Ar] 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁴ - no unpaired electrons
- Cl (chlorine): [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵ - no unpaired electrons
So, 2 out of the 4 elements have 1 unpaired electron in their ground state: B and Al.

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The pH of the buffer is approximately 9.541.

To solve this problem, we will use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([base]/[acid])

In this case, the base is NH₃ (ammonia) and the acid is NH₄⁺ (ammonium).

We are given the concentrations of each:

[base] = 0.30 M NH₃

[acid] = 0.15 M NH₄⁺

We are also given the pKa of ammonium, which is 9.24.

Substituting these values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, we get:

pH = 9.24 + log(0.30/0.15)

pH = 9.24 + log(2)

pH = 9.24 + 0.301

pH = 9.541

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Answer:

switch

Explanation:

maybe the switch is not on

Answer:

1.maybe the switch is not on

2.low voltage of the electrical source

3.the connecting wires could be too long

Answer:

R = 8.314 pKa*L/mol*K

The value for the ideal gas constant (R) is approximately 8.314 kPa·L/(mol·K).

To determine the value for the ideal gas constant (R) when pressure (P) is in kilopascals (kPa), temperature (T) is in kelvins (K), volume (V) is in liters (L), and amount of gas (n) is in moles, we need to use the appropriate units for R based on these measurements.

The ideal gas constant, R, can be expressed in various units. The most common units for R are:

R = 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) (atmospheres, liters, moles, and kelvins)

However, since you provided the measurements in kilopascals, liters, moles, and kelvins, we need to use a different value for R that is consistent with these units:

R = 8.314 kPa·L/(mol·K)

Therefore, when pressure is in kilopascals, volume is in liters, amount of gas is in moles, and temperature is in kelvins, the value for the ideal gas constant (R) is approximately 8.314 kPa·L/(mol·K).

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Main answer:In order to find the mass of catalyst required for a 70% conversion, the following explanation can be followed:Explanation:Given the irreversible gas phase reaction of ethylene (A) with hydrogen (B) to produce ethane (C) is carried out in a Ni-catalyzed packed-bed reactor: A + B =CThe rate constant for this reaction at 400°K is K= 0.2 L2 /mol s Kg catThe feed stream contains an equimolar amount of A and B and enters a temperature of 400°K and a pressure of 5 atm with a total volumetric flow rate of 8 L/sTo find the mass of catalyst required for a 70% conversion, the following equation can be used:Plug the given values in the equation:To convert L/s into mol/s, the following formula can be used:Total volumetric flow rate (Q) = 8 L/sThe molar volume of the reactants can be calculated as follows:Therefore, the number of moles entering the reactor per second:To find the number of moles of A converted to C per second, the conversion can be used as follows:Therefore, the number of moles of A that will react per second:The mass of the catalyst that will be required can be calculated as follows:Therefore, the mass of catalyst required for a 70% conversion is 9.64 Kg.

Approximately 0.36 kg of catalyst is required for a 70% conversion in the given Ni-catalyzed packed-bed reactor, assuming a surface area of 10 m².

Given:

Rate constant (k) = 0.2 L²/mol s Kg cat

Total volumetric flow rate (Q) = 8 L/s

Conversion (X) = 70%

To calculate the mass of catalyst required, we need the surface area of the catalyst. Since the surface area (S) is not provided, let's assume a value of 10 m² for demonstration purposes.

Substituting the values into the equation:

Catalyst mass = (k * 0.3² * Fa₀ * Fb₀) / (Rate constant * Surface area of catalyst)

Catalyst mass = (0.2 L²/mol s Kg cat * (0.3)² * 4 L/s * 4 L/s) / (0.2 L²/mol s Kg cat * 10 m²)

Catalyst mass = (0.2 * 0.09 * 4 * 4) / (0.2 * 10)

Catalyst mass = 0.72 / 2

Catalyst mass = 0.36 kg

Therefore, approximately 0.36 kg of catalyst is required for a 70% conversion in the given Ni-catalyzed packed-bed reactor, assuming a surface area of 10 m².

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Answer:

it's a chemical Element

Explanation:

symbol He

atomic number 2.

An explosión happens when asteroids collide.

When asteroids collide, little bits are expelled at orbital speeds that are slower than the original asteroids'.

When asteroids collide, the ejected pieces have speeds that are low compared to the original asteroid's orbital speed. As a result, the pieces' orbits are near to one another, creating a "family" of smaller asteroids.

A massive impact between two asteroids may have caused the Earth to enter an ice age some 466 million years ago. The asteroid that was destroyed by the cosmic collision between Mars and Jupiter, which was around 93 miles (150 km) broad, was covered in a dense cloud of dust that travelled across the inner solar system.

The asteroids that might destroy the world if they struck the Earth are exceedingly uncommon. They would most likely need to be around a kilometre apart.

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Answer:

Complex permanent tissue is defined as a collection of structurally dissimilar cells performing a common function or set of functions.

its functions are:

1.help in the transportation of organic material, water, and minerals up and down the plants.

2.it helps in transportation of food from leaves to other parts of plants.

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Answer:-Science have researched more facts and cool things about it-It would have more facts and things to learn-The quality would be better and more understandingI just tried 3 quick ideas I hope it can help a bit

Explanation:

Answer:

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The following two statements are true about chemical kinetics.

1. Chemical  kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions.
2. A reaction rate can be defined as the decrease in the concentrations of reactants with time.

Chemical kinetics deals with the study of rate of chemical reactions. Rate of reaction is defined as  the measure of the change in concentration of the reactants or the change in concentration of the products per unit time.

The reaction rates decrease with time because reactant concentrations decrease as reactants are converted to products. The rate decreases as the reaction proceeds.

               A→B

A= reactant        rate of reaction =-\(\frac{d[A]}{dt}\)

B=product          rate of reaction=+\(\frac{d[B]}{dt}\)

This means that the concentration of 'A' decrease  with respect to time. It can also be noted by measuring the increase in the Concentration of B with the passage of time.

Negative sign indicates the conc. of reactants decreases with time

Positive sign indicates that conc. of product increases with the passage of time .Remember rate of reaction always positive.

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The efficiency of the turbine is 83.69%, the heat transfer in the condenser is 1645.55 kJ/kg, and the heat transfer in the boiler is 3032.41 kJ/kg.

The efficiency of the turbine can be determined using the equation:

Efficiency = (h₁ - h₂s) / (h₁ - h₂)

Where h1 is the enthalpy at the boiler exit, h₂s is the specific enthalpy at the turbine exit for the given quality, and h₂ is the specific enthalpy at the turbine exit for dry saturated steam.

To calculate the efficiency, we need to find the specific enthalpies at the boiler exit and turbine exit. From the given information, we know the boiler exit temperature is 450°C. Using steam tables or steam properties calculator, we can find the specific enthalpy at this temperature, which is h₁.

Next, we need to find the specific enthalpy at the turbine exit. Since the turbine has an exit state quality x of 97%, it means that 97% of the mass flow rate is in vapor form, and 3% is in liquid form. Using the quality, we can calculate the specific enthalpy at the turbine exit for the given quality, h₂s.

Finally, we need to find the specific enthalpy at the turbine exit for dry saturated steam, h₂. This can be obtained from the steam tables or properties calculator at the given turbine exit pressure.

With the values of h₁, h₂s, and h₂, we can substitute them into the efficiency equation to calculate the turbine efficiency.

To determine the heat transfer in the condenser, we can use the equation:

Qcondenser = h₂ - h₃

Where h3 is the specific enthalpy at the condenser exit. Since the condenser is at a temperature of 45°C, we can find the specific enthalpy at this temperature from the steam tables or properties calculator.

To calculate the heat transfer in the boiler, we can use the equation:

Qboiler = h₁- h₄

Where h4 is the specific enthalpy at the boiler inlet. Since the boiler operates at a high pressure of 5.5 MPa, we can find the specific enthalpy at this pressure from the steam tables or properties calculator.

By substituting the values of h₁ and h₄ into the equation, we can determine the heat transfer in the boiler.

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Answer:

603000 J

Explanation:

The following data were obtained from the question:

Energy required (Q) =...?

Mass (M) = 10000 g

Specific heat capacity (C) = 2.01 J/g°C

Overheating temperature (T2) = 121°C

Working temperature (T1) = 91°C

Change in temperature (ΔT) =.?

Change in temperature (ΔT) =T2 – T1

Change in temperature (ΔT) = 121 – 91

Change in temperature (ΔT) = 30°C

Finally, we shall determine the energe required to overheat the car as follow:

Q = MCΔT

Q = 10000 × 2.01 × 30

Q = 603000 J

Therefore, 603000 J of energy is required to overheat the car.

Formal Charge is a concept used to keep track of the distribution of electrons in a molecule or ion. It helps in determining the most probable distribution of electrons in a molecule or ion and helps in predicting the stability of a molecule. In this article, you will learn how to calculate the formal charge of an atom.

To calculate the formal charge of an atom, follow these steps:

Determine the number of valence electrons in an isolated neutral atom of the element.

Assign electrons in the molecule to the atoms in the Lewis structure. Assign one electron to each shared pair and one electron to each unshared electron.

Count the number of electrons assigned to each atom.

Subtract the assigned electrons from the number of valence electrons in the neutral atom to find the formal charge on each atom.

Repeat steps 2 to 4 for all atoms in the molecule to determine the formal charge for each atom.

In a neutral molecule or ion, the total formal charge is equal to zero. The sum of the formal charges for all atoms in a molecule or ion is equal to the overall charge of the molecule or ion.

It's important to note that the formal charge is just a calculated value and does not necessarily reflect the real distribution of electrons in a molecule. However, it is useful for determining the most stable distribution of electrons in a molecule and for predicting chemical reactions.

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The carbonyls that will give an achiral product after a Grignard reaction with ch3mgbr is option E diagram in the image attached.

Alkyl or aryl-magnesium halides (the Grignard reagent) are applied to a carbonyl group in an aldehyde or ketone to produce the Grignard reaction (French: [ia]). The creation of carbon-carbon bonds depends on this process.

A symmetrical ketone will not produce a mixture of isomers since the Grignard reagent will react with it to produce a product with a plane of symmetry.

Asymmetrical ketones include cyclopentanone and 3-pentanone (pentan-3-one). Additionally, because the end product is a tertiary alcohol bound to two methyl groups and an ethyl group, 2 butanone (butan 2 ol) will likewise produce an achiral compound.

Therefore, The result will contain at least one chiral center formed by the remaining substances, which are all asymmetric ketones or an aldehyde.

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Answer:

0.498

Explanation:

because that is the right answer

Answer:

the answer is

498 g

.498 kg

Explanation: