when free water molecules are excluded from an enzyme's catalytic pocket, is a catalytic -oh group on an amino acid side chain a stronger or weaker nucleophile? explain.
Answers
When free water molecules are excluded from an enzyme's catalytic pocket, a catalytic -OH group on an amino acid side chain becomes a stronger nucleophile. Let me explain why.
In an enzyme's catalytic pocket, water molecules can compete with the amino acid side chains for the reaction site. When water molecules are present, they can act as nucleophiles and participate in the reaction. However, when free water molecules are excluded from the catalytic pocket,
The -OH group on an amino acid side chain, such as serine or threonine, can act as a nucleophile by donating its lone pair of electrons to form a bond with the substrate during the catalytic reaction. This -OH group becomes more readily available for the reaction when water molecules are excluded, as it is no longer in competition with them.
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Related Questions
what are the limiting and excess reactants if 20.0g of C3H8 reacts with 10.0g of O2
Answers
Step 1
The reaction must be completed and balanced as follows:
C3H8 + 5 O2 => 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
-------------
Step 2
Information provided:
20.0 g of C3H8
10.0 g of O2
----
Information needed:
1 mole of C3H8 = 44.1 g
1 mole of O2 = 32.0 g
(use your periodic table please)
-------------
Step 3
By stoichiometry,
C3H8 + 5 O2 => 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
44.1 g C3H8 ---------- 5 x 32.0 g O2
20.0 g C3H8 ---------- X
X = 20.0 g C3H8 x 5 x 32.0 g O2/44.1 g C3H8
X = 72.6 g O2
For 20.0 g of C3H8, 72.6 g of O2 is needed, but there is only 10.0 g of O2.
Therefore,
Answer:
The limiting reactant = O2
The excess = C3H8
a single water molecule (h − o − h) is held together by
Answers
A single water molecule (H-O-H) is held together by covalent bonds.
In a water molecule, one oxygen atom is bonded to two hydrogen atoms. These atoms are held together by covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electrons between the atoms. Specifically, the oxygen atom shares one electron with each of the hydrogen atoms, and each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom. This sharing of electrons allows each atom to have a stable electron configuration, forming a strong and stable bond.
The resulting molecule has a bent shape, with an angle of approximately 104.5 degrees between the hydrogen-oxygen-hydrogen atoms. This shape contributes to the unique properties of water, such as its polarity and hydrogen bonding capabilities.
Additionally, water molecules have a dipole moment, meaning they have a slight positive and negative charge, allowing them to interact with other polar molecules. Overall, the structure and properties of the water molecule play a crucial role in its importance for life and the environment.
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an aqueous solution of bismuth nitrate (bi(no3)3) was electrolyzed until 35 grams of metallic bismuth was plated out at the cathode. how many faradays of electricity must have passed through the cell?
Answers
An aqueous solution of bismuth nitrate (bi(no3)3) was electrolyzed until 35 grammes of metallic bismuth was plated out at the cathode, requiring 0.5023 faradays of power to have travelled through the cell.
Moles of Bi are equal to mass/molar mass, which is 35/209 = 0.167 mol.
Electrons per mole of bivalent ion = 3 * 0.167 = 0.5023 mol
1 mol of electrons has a charge of 1 F.
Charge equals 0.5023 moles per f.
The faraday is a dimensionless measure of the amount of electric charge, or roughly 6.02 x 1023 electric charge carriers. This is also referred to as Avogadro's constant and is equivalent to one mole for aqueous solution.
The coulomb (C) is the most popular unit for measuring the amount of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI). It is about similar to 6.24 × 1018 electric charge carriers and equal to one ampere-second (1 A s).
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OK I dont need an answer for this I just need help understanding what the heck the question means :
Do the businesses serve as exemplars of businesses that comply with the general rules and regulations that govern finance and marketing? Note two examples for each business.
Answers
Answer:
affected business many example
Calculate the producers' surplus for the supply equation at the indicated unit price p. HINT (See Example 2.] (Round your answer to the nearest cent.) p = 10 + 2q; = 14 Need Help? Read It
Answers
the producers' surplus at a price of $14 and MC = $6 would be $8.
The first step is to find the quantity supplied at the given price of $14. Substituting p = 14 in the supply equation, we get:
14 = 10 + 2q
4 = 2q
q = 2
Therefore, at a price of $14, the quantity supplied is 2 units. To calculate the producers' surplus, we need to find the area between the supply curve and the price line, up to the quantity supplied. This is a right triangle with base 2 (the quantity) and height (p - MC), where MC is the marginal cost of producing one unit. The marginal cost is not given, so we cannot calculate the exact value of producers' surplus. However, we can say that it will be positive as long as the price is above the marginal cost. If we assume a marginal cost of $6, for example, then the height of the triangle would be 14 - 6 = 8. The area would be (1/2) x 2 x 8 = $8. Therefore, the producers' surplus at a price of $14 and MC = $6 would be $8.
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Which is MOST likely to be considered “newsworthy”?
a study on which foods contain the most antioxidants, done five years ago
a study on which foods contain the most antioxidants, done two years ago
a study on which foods contain the most antioxidants, done last year
a study on which foods contain the most antioxidants, done last month
Answers
Record the mass show on each balance. Remember to include both the value on the beams and the unit of measurement.
Answers
A tick marks between both the boldface values on this beam denote tenths of grams, while the bolded text numbers in this beam are in grams.Simply sum the figures from of the three beams to determine the object's mass that is resting on the pan.
By utilizing a beam balance, how can one determine an object's mass?To keep a beam horizontal for just a beam balance, a body with gravitational mass m1 and a standard weight pf m2 are placed in the left and right pans, respectively. If a1 = a2, then m1 = m2, and vice versa.
Can you two configurations weight disparate things on the beam?Yes, it is possible to achieve equilibrium between the two masses by bringing the midway (balancing point) closer to a heavier object or closer to the center of gravity.
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given 2PbS + 3O2 = 2PbO + 2SO2 A) determine the theoretical yield of PbO is 50g of O2 is used? B) what is the %yield if 170.0g PbO is obtained
Answers
A. The theoretical yield of PbO is 232.08 grams.
B. The percent yield of PbO is 73.26%.
A. Determine the theoretical yield of PbO if 50g of O2 is used:
We first need to determine the molar mass of O2, which is 32 g/mol (16 g/mol per oxygen atom).
Next, we can set up a stoichiometric ratio using the balanced equation:
2 moles of PbS react with 3 moles of O2 to produce 2 moles of PbO.
Using the molar ratio, we can calculate the moles of O2 used:
moles of O2 = (mass of O2 used) / (molar mass of O2)
moles of O2 = 50 g / 32 g/mol = 1.5625 mol
From the stoichiometry, we know that 2 moles of PbO are produced for every 3 moles of O2.
Therefore, the moles of PbO produced can be calculated as follows:
moles of PbO = (moles of O2) × (2 moles of PbO / 3 moles of O2)
moles of PbO = 1.5625 mol × (2/3) = 1.0417 mol
Finally, we can calculate the theoretical yield of PbO using its molar mass:
theoretical yield of PbO = (moles of PbO) × (molar mass of PbO)
theoretical yield of PbO = 1.0417 mol × 223.2 g/mol = 232.08 g
Therefore, the theoretical yield of PbO is 232.08 grams.
B) Calculate the percent yield if 170.0 g of PbO is obtained:
The percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield, then multiplying by 100%:
percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100%
percent yield = (170.0 g / 232.08 g) × 100% = 73.26%
Therefore, the percent yield of PbO is 73.26%.
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Bile salts play a crucial role in gastrointestinal homeostasis and digestion. Which phrase is the BEST description of the gastrointestinal function of bile salts?
Answers
Answer:
bile salts emulsify fats and break them down into smaller particles which gives the enzyme lipase a greater surface area to act on during digestion of fats.
Explanation:
About 200 years later Arrhenius proposed that water can dissolve many compounds
Answers
Arrhenius is postulated in 200 years after that fluids can dissolve many compounds by dividing them into their constituent ions. He argued that acids contain helium and that when they dissolve in water, they release hydrogen.
What is the Arrhenius theory of bases that gives when dispersed in water?Pursuant to the Arrhenius the hypothesis, acidic is a component that produces hydrogen ion in freshwater. With fluid, basic elements emit the ion hydroxide. According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, an acid is a proton giver while a base is a recipient of protons.
Are an Arrhenius base one that dissolves with water to form OH?Bases are chemicals that, while dispersed into water, establish hydroxide ions (OH-). Bases and acids. Any material that ionises when dissolved in liquid to give a charge called H+ and hydrogen called an Arrhenius acid. When submerged in fluid, an Arrhenius foundation is a material the fact that releases the OH-, or hydroxide, the ion.
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H 0
:p A
=0.40,p B
=0.40, and p C
=0.20 H a
: The population proportions are not p A
=0.40,p B
=0.40, and p C
=0.20. sample of size 200 yielded 140 in category A, 20 in category B, and 40 in category C. Use α=0.01 and test to see whether the proportions are as stated in H 0
. (a) Use the p-value approach. Find the value of the test statistic. Find the p-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.) p-value = State your conclusion. Reject H 0
. We conclude that the proportions differ from 0.40,0.40, and 0.20. Do not reject H 0
. We cannot conclude that the proportions are equal to 0.40,0.40, and 0.20. Do not reject H 0
. We cannot conclude that the proportions differ from 0.40, 0.40, and 0.20. Reject H 0
. We conclude that the proportions are equal to 0.40,0.40, and 0.20. (b) Repeat the test using the critical value approach. Find the value of the test statistic. State the critical values for the rejection rule. (If the test is one-tailed, enter NONE for the unused tail. Round your answers to three decimal places.) test statistic ≤ test statistic ≥ State your conclusion. Reject H 0
. We conclude that the proportions differ from 0.40,0.40, and 0.20. Do not reject H 0
. We cannot conclude that the proportions differ from 0.40, 0.40, and 0.20. Do not reject H 0
. We cannot conclude that the proportions are equal to 0.40,0.40, and 0.20. Reject H 0
. We conclude that the proportions are equal to 0.40,0.40, and 0.20.
Answers
The test results indicate that we reject the null hypothesis (H0) and conclude that the proportions are not equal to 0.40, 0.40, and 0.20.
What is the value of the test statistic and the p-value for the given hypothesis test?To test the hypothesis, we can use the p-value approach. The test statistic for comparing proportions is the chi-square statistic (χ²). In this case, we have three categories (A, B, and C) and their respective observed frequencies (140, 20, and 40) in a sample of size 200.
The expected frequencies under the null hypothesis can be calculated by multiplying the sample size by the hypothesized proportions. Thus, the expected frequencies are 80 for category A, 80 for category B, and 40 for category C.
Using these observed and expected frequencies, we can calculate the chi-square test statistic:
χ² = Σ[(observed - expected)² / expected]
After calculating the test statistic, we can find the p-value associated with it using the chi-square distribution with degrees of freedom equal to the number of categories minus 1.
Comparing the p-value to the significance level (α = 0.01), if the p-value is less than α, we reject the null hypothesis; otherwise, we fail to reject it.
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For the following word equations, write it as a chemical equation, then balance it.
copper (II) oxide + hydrogen gas ---- copper + water
Answers
CuO+H2=Cu+H2O the equation is balanced.
Một hỗn hợp X gồm CH3OH; C2H5OH; phenol có khối lượng 28,9 gam phản ứng vừa hết với 100ml dung dịch NaOH 2M. Phần trăm theo khối lượng phenol là ? Biết C = 12; O = 16; H = 1; Na = 23. *
Answers
Answer:
nNaOH = 0,2 mol
Trong hỗn hợp các chất đề bài cho chỉ có phenol tác dụng với NaOH
C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5ONa + H2O
0,2 ← 0,2 (mol)
⟹ mphenol = 0,2.94 = 18,8 gam
⟹
%mC6H5OH=18,8/28,9 x100%= 65,05%
Explanation:
PLEASE URGENT HELP!! 30 POINTS!!!!!!
Answers
Answer:
CH³–C=CH——CH³–CH=CH²
Explanation:
THIS IS PROPYNE TO PROPENE
Why is the C-O bond considered to be polar?
The molecule is symmetrical.
The electronegativity difference of the atoms in the bond.
Answers
Answer:
The electronegativity difference of the atoms in the bond.
Explanation:
Carbon is electropositive while Oxygen is highly electronegative, hence highly polar due to strong intermolecular forces.
The molecule is not symmetrical because it's dipole moments don't cancel out.
A wave has a length of 380 nm. Find its frequency in Hz.
Answers
Answer:
The shortest wavelength of visible light is 380 nm. Its frequency is 7.89x1014Hz. That will be visible light’s highest frequency.
Explanation:
what are examples of types of chemical markers associated with dna that determines when, where and by how much genes are expressed in each cell?
Answers
examples of types of chemical markers associated with dna that determines when, where and by how much genes are expressed in each cell is epigenetic.
When, where, and how much a gene is expressed in a cell depends on the histones and epigenetic elements working together.
Who or what are histone protein factors?Eukaryotic cells have proteins called histones that serve two purposes. They help keep DNA compact and control the loosening and tightening of the DNA strands that control gene expression.
How do epigenetic factors work?Epigenetic factors are substances that alter genes to control how they are expressed. Both changes are not inheritable and do not lead to mutations. These include transient changes such as DNA remodeling, methylation and alkylation.
The field of epigenetics deals with stable phenotypic changes that are not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetics, a name derived from the Greek prefix epi-, refers to traits that are 'above' or 'additional' to the conventional genetic base.
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a) 211.3 mg/ L
b) 98.1 mg/L
c) 64.2 mg/L
d) 37.8 mg/L
Q.6: 100 ml waste water sample was diluted with 800 ml of water. Initial dissolved oxygen level (DO:) was found to be 14.8 mg/1. after 5 days of incubation, final dissolved oxygen level (DO) was found
Answers
BOD = (14.8 - DO2) x 0.125 = 211.3 mg/LDO2 = 12.175 mg/LHence, the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the sample is 13.825 mg/L.
The given terms in the question are,211.3 mg/ LQ.6: 100 ml waste water sample was diluted with 800 ml of water. Initial dissolved oxygen level (DO:) was found to be 14.8 mg/1. After 5 days of incubation, the final dissolved oxygen level (DO) was found.In order to calculate the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of a sample, the difference between the initial dissolved oxygen level (DO:) and the final dissolved oxygen level (DO) needs to be found.The formula for Biochemical Oxygen Demand is:Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) = (Initial Dissolved Oxygen level) - (Final Dissolved Oxygen Level)BOD = DO1 - DO2BOD = 14.8 - DO2BOD = 14.8 - DO2.
To determine the value of DO2, first the dilution factor needs to be found.Dilution Factor = Volume of initial sample / Total VolumeDilution Factor = 100 / 800Dilution Factor = 0.125Since the initial sample was diluted by a factor of 0.125, the BOD can be calculated as follows:BOD = (DO1 - DO2) x Dilution Factor211.3 mg/L is the value of LQ, which is the conversion factor to convert milligrams per liter of oxygen to BOD value.
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Which of the following reactions are redox reactions?
Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2
2H2O2 -> 2H2O + O2
CuSO4 + 2NaOH -> Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2
4Fe + 3O2 -> 2Fe2O3
Answers
Following reactions are redox reactions is 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂
A redox reaction can be defined as the chemical reaction in which electron are transferred between two reactant participating in it and this transfer of electron can be identified by observing the changes in the oxidation state of the reacting species and this reaction is the disproportion reaction and in this reaction in which the oxygen undergone oxidation and reduction simultaneously therefore the redox reaction is 2H₂O₂ → 2H₂O + O₂
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Ammonium (NH4+), carbonate (CO32−), and phosphate (PO43−) are all examples of: (a) multivalent metals (b) polyatomic ions (c) covalent molecules (d) molecular compounds. Help pleasee
Answers
Answer:
Option b) polyatomic ions
Explanation:
Polyatomic ions are ions consisting of two or more atoms.
From the question given above, we can see that each ions consist of more than one atom as shown below:
Ions >>>>>> Number of atom present
NH4+ >>>>> 2
CO32− >>>> 2
PO43− >>>> 2
Thus, we can say that the above ions are polyatomic ions.
Answer:
It's C.
Explanation:
The term molecular mass can only be applied to a(n) _______compound since compounds do not consist of molecules. the correct term that is applicable to all types of compounds is mass.
Answers
The term molecular mass can only be applied to a(n) covalent compound since compounds do not consist of molecules. the correct term that is applicable to all types of compounds is mass. covalent
The molecular components of a compound offer the smallest integer ratio of the atoms withinside the compound. Different compounds may have identical molecular components. The term "molecular weight" isn't suitable while speaking about ionic compounds that aren't made from personal molecules
An atom and its ion have identical atomic mass due to the fact the mass of the electron that turns an atom into an ion is negligible. The term "molecular weight" won't be suitable due to the fact the components of an ionic compound now no longer describe the composition of an unmarried molecule.
Something like desk salt (NaCl) is a compound due to the fact it's miles made from a couple of elements (sodium and chlorine), however, the bonds that keep NaCl collectively are ionic bonds, so in a molecule There is none. Sodium chloride may be stated to be an ionic compound if desired.
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Nuclear fusion reactions release more energy than fission reactions while also generating less waste. However, nuclear fusion reactors are not currently used to generate electricity.
What is the main reason for this?
Answers
Nuclear fusion reactions release high energy and required tremendous temperature of nuclear reactors is the main reason for not used to generate electricity.
What are nuclear reactions?Nuclear reactions are those reactions which are taking place in the nucleus of any unstable atom and produces energy.
As in the question it is given that nuclear fusion reactions releases more energy and less wastage, but this energy are releases in the tremendous amount which can be proved harmful for the environment and the humans. To carry out this reaction we have to maintain the very high temperature of nuclear reactors of about 6 times greater than sun's temperature, which is not possible manually.
Hence, high temperature of nuclear reactors and high amount of energy released is the main reason.
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Why do you think the water molecules are behaving the way they are? What is causing them to stay together and form the curved surface?
I WILL MAKE FIRST ANSWER BRAINLIEST
Answers
what is the nucleophile involved in the formation of the bromohydrin product?
a THF b bromide anion с succinimide d water
Answers
The nucleophile involved in the formation of the bromohydrin product is b) Bromide anion.
In the formation of bromohydrin, a nucleophilic attack occurs on an alkene. The bromide anion (Br-) acts as the nucleophile, as it has a lone pair of electrons. This bromide anion attacks the electrophilic carbon in the alkene double bond. As a result, the bromohydrin product is formed with a bromine atom and a hydroxyl group added across the double bond.
A chemical species known as a nucleophile creates bonds by giving an electron pair. The term "nucleophile" refers to any molecule or ion containing a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond. Nucleophiles are Lewis bases because they donate electrons. b) Bromide anion is thus correct.
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you are reading your aceable course and come across this: 475.021, f.s. what is this mysterious glyph trying to tell you?
Answers
475.021, f.s., refers to the Florida Statute (f.s.) for driver's license suspensions and revocations. This particular statute deals with the suspension of licenses for drivers who fail to pay court fines, costs, and fees.
The statute states that failure to pay the required court fees within 30 days will result in the suspension of the driver's license.
After 90 days, the suspension becomes permanent until the fees are paid. In summary, the mysterious glyph is trying to tell you about the legal statute in Florida regarding the suspension of driver's licenses for non-payment of court fees, fines, and costs.
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What type of rock is limestone? Describe how a limestone rock is likely to change over a long period of time.
Answers
Answer:
Over time, the limestone is broken down into its chemical parts and may come back to the surface as volcanic CO2 (in the atmosphere). From the atmosphere, the CO2 might again become part of the biosphere by molluscs or corals absorbing the CO2 to help make their shells
Explanation:
Over a long period of time, we would take a look at the rock "limestone" through the rock cycle. Limestone being a sedimentary rock would be converted to marble, a metamorphic rock if subjected to metamorphic conditions over an extensive period of time.
Write ionic and net ionic equation for Na2S(aq) + ZnCl2(aq)
Answers
The ionic equation for the reaction of Na2S and ZnCl2 in water is as follows: 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + ZnS = 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + Zn2+(aq) (s).
Ionic equations are a specific kind of chemical equation that depict how soluble ionic compounds break down into their individual ions in a solution. The chemical species that are in solution and take part in a reaction are represented by it. The reactants and products in an ionic equation are expressed by their ionic forms rather than by their molecular formulae. This kind of equation is useful for distinguishing between ions that go through chemical changes and spectator ions, which do not. The net ionic equation, which only displays the ions involved in the process and leaves out the spectator ions, can be created by further simplifying the ionic equation.
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Calculate the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 13.3 g of kcl in 750.0 ml of water.
Answers
The molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 13.3 g of kcl in 750.0 ml of water is 0.23 moles per kilogram.
What is molality?
The molality of a solution is the number of moles of solute present in per kilogram of the solvent is called the molality of the solution and cannot be affected by temperature.
Molality = weight / mass × 1000/ volume if water in ml.
mass of KCl = 74.55
substituting the value in the formula,
molality = 13.3 g / 74.55 × 1000/ 750
molality = 0.23 moles per kilogram.
Therefore, 0.23 moles per kilogram is the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving 13.3 g of KCL in 750.0 ml of water.
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a solution is 1.5 m nabr. what is the weight percent of nabr in this solution? what is the mole fraction of nabr in this solution?
Answers
The weight percent of NaBr in this solution is 150% and the mole fraction of NaBr in this solution will be 1.5.
Weight percent is a measure of the amount of solute (in this case, NaBr) in a solution relative to the total weight of the solution.
Weight percent (w/w) = (mass of solute / total mass of solution) x 100
In this case, the solution is 1.5 M NaBr, so we can calculate the mass of the solute:
mass of solute = molarity x molecular weight of solute
mass of solute = 1.5 M x 102 g/mol
mass of solute = 153 g
The total mass of the solution calculated as:
total mass = mass of solute / molarity
total mass = 153 g / 1.5 M
total mass = 102 g
Now we calculate the weight percent:
Weight percent (w/w) = (mass of solute / total mass of solution) x 100
Weight percent (w/w) = (153 g / 102 g) x 100
Weight percent (w/w) = 150%
The mole fraction of a solute is the ratio of the number of moles of the solute to the total number of moles in the solution.
The number of moles of NaBr can be calculated as:
number of moles of NaBr = mass of NaBr / molecular weight of NaBr
number of moles of NaBr = 153 g / 102 g/mol
number of moles of NaBr = 1.5 mol
And the total number of moles in the solution can be calculated as:
total number of moles = number of moles of NaBr / molarity
total number of moles = 1.5 mol / 1.5 M
total number of moles = 1.0 mol
Now we calculate the mole fraction:
Mole fraction = 1.5 mol / 1.0 mol
Mole fraction = 1.5
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What started universe (Science)
Answers
Answer:
Big bang theory
Explanation:
Our universe began with an explosion of space itself - the Big Bang. Starting from extremely high density and temperature, space expanded, the universe cooled, and the simplest elements formed. Gravity gradually drew matter together to form the first stars and the first galaxies.
Answer:
The Big Bang
Explanation:
The Big Bang was the moment 13.8 billion years ago when the universe began as a tiny, dense, fireball that exploded. Most astronomers use the Big Bang theory to explain how the universe began.