When starting a car with an automatic transmission, the selector lever should be in either Park (P) or Neutral (N).
Selecting Park or Neutral ensures that the transmission is disengaged, allowing the engine to start safely. Park is typically used when the vehicle is stationary, while Neutral is used when the vehicle needs to be moved without engaging the gears. Engaging Drive (D), Low (L1, L2, or L3), or Reverse (R) while starting the engine can pose a safety risk and may cause the vehicle to move unexpectedly.
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Imagine that a researcher is constructing a pedigree for a trait he expects to show recessive inheritance in humans. What are the likely characteristics of this trait?a) This trait may not occur within every generation of a family―it could be said to "skip" generations.
b) The parents of children who have this trait may not themselves be affected.
c) Both males and females within a given family can have this trait―it doesn't appear to be sex-specific.
d) There may be instances of first-cousin mating in this pedigree, resulting in affected children.
e) All of the answer options are correct.
The answer to the question is e) All of the answer options are correct.The researcher is likely constructing a pedigree for a trait that shows recessive inheritance in humans, which means:
For Part a) This trait may not occur within every generation of a family―it could be said to "skip" generations.For part b) The parents of children who have this trait may not themselves be affected.For part c) Both males and females within a given family can have this trait―it doesn't appear to be sex-specific.For part d) There may be instances of first-cousin mating in this pedigree, resulting in affected children.Therefore, the answer to the question is e) All of the answer options are correct.
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digital submission for this question. (10 pts) the creep data found here on the second tab were obtained for a lead-free solder at 15 mpa at 125oc. a. plot the creep strain versus time (seconds) (3 pts) b. determine the steady-state creep rate for these test conditions (7 pts)
Alternatively, you can use a mathematical model to fit the creep data and determine the steady-state creep rate. This can be done using software such as MATLAB or Python.
To plot the creep strain versus time for the lead-free solder at 15 mpa at 125oc, you will need to follow these steps:
1. Open the Excel sheet with the creep data found on the second tab.
2. Select the column with the time data and the column with the creep strain data.
3. Click on the "Insert" tab and select the "Scatter" chart type.
4. A scatter plot will be generated with the time data on the x-axis and the creep strain data on the y-axis.
To determine the steady-state creep rate for these test conditions, you will need to follow these steps:
1. Find the point where the creep strain has stabilized or plateaued. This is the steady-state region.
2. Calculate the slope of the line that connects the points in the steady-state region.
3. The slope of this line is the steady-state creep rate for these test conditions.
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A species A diffuses radially outwards from a sphere of radius ro. The following assumptions can be made. The mole fraction of species A at the surface of the sphere is XAO. Species A undergoes equimolar counter-diffusion with another species B. The diffusivity of A in B is denoted DAB. The total molar concentration of the system is c. The mole fraction of A at a radial distance of 10ro from the centre of the sphere is effectively zero. (a) Determine an expression for the molar flux of A at the surface of the sphere under these circumstances. Likewise determine an expression for the molar flow rate of A at the surface of the sphere. [12 marks] (b) Would one expect to see a large change in the molar flux of A if the distance at which the mole fraction had been considered to be effectively zero were located at 100ro from the centre of the sphere instead of 10ro from the centre? Explain your reasoning. [4 marks] (c) The situation described in (b) corresponds to a roughly tenfold increase in the length of the diffusion path. If one were to consider the case of 1-dimensional diffusion across a film rather than the case of radial diffusion from a sphere, how would a tenfold increase in the length of the diffusion path impact on the molar flux obtained in the 1-dimensional system? Hence comment on the differences between spherical radial diffusion and 1-dimensional diffusion in terms of the relative change in molar flux produced by a tenfold increase in the diffusion path.
(a) Molar flux of A at the surface of the sphere:Molar flux (NA) is defined as the number of moles of A that passes through a unit area per unit time. In radial flow, the molar flux of A is:NA = -DAB(∂CA/∂r) = -DAB(CA/rt)Where, rt = radius of the sphere and CA = concentration of A.Since the mole fraction of A at the surface of the sphere is XAO, then we can express the molar flow rate of A at the surface of the sphere as:NA0 = NA|rt=ro = -DAB(CAO/ro)(XAO/1 - XAO)(b) If the distance at which the mole fraction was considered to be effectively zero were located at 100ro from the centre of the sphere instead of 10ro from the centre, then there would be a large change in the molar flux of A.This is because the concentration gradient between the centre of the sphere and 100ro from the centre of the sphere would be much steeper than between the centre of the sphere and 10ro from the centre. Therefore, there would be a larger concentration gradient driving the diffusion of A, which would result in a larger molar flux of A.(c) If one considers the case of 1-dimensional diffusion across a film rather than the case of radial diffusion from a sphere, then a tenfold increase in the length of the diffusion path would result in a roughly tenfold decrease in the molar flux obtained in the 1-dimensional system. This is because the molar flux is directly proportional to the concentration gradient, and a tenfold increase in the length of the diffusion path would result in a tenfold decrease in the concentration gradient.In terms of the relative change in molar flux produced by a tenfold increase in the diffusion path, there is a greater relative change in molar flux produced by a tenfold increase in the diffusion path in the case of 1-dimensional diffusion across a film than in the case of radial diffusion from a sphere. This is because the concentration gradient is much steeper in the case of radial diffusion from a sphere, which means that the molar flux is less affected by a change in the length of the diffusion path.
A producer is someone who _____________.
A.
Makes a commodity available for sale or exchange
B.
Buys or trades in order to receive a commodity
C.
Is in the market for a commodity
D.
Receives a commodity from a business
Answer: A. Makes a commodity available for sale or exchange
Explanation: hope it helps ^w^
When groups of molecules within liquid and gases move, it is called
kinetics.
O radiation.
conduction.
convection.
Answer:
convenction is your answer
Answer:
Last one
Explanation:
I took the test
Describe the blade design for a wind turbine that you would choose. Why did you choose this design?
Answer: aerofoil type blades
Explanation: they are more difficult to make but offer better performance and higher rotational speeds making them ideal for electrical energy generation.
A nuclear reactor fuel tank consists of a metallic uranium cylinder 3/4 inches in diameter with an aluminium cladding 1/20 of an inch thick. this fuel element is then placed axially in a channel 1.5 inches in radius. what is the cross-sectional area in m2 through which coolant can flow
The cross-sectional area in m2 through which coolant can flow is π * (2.250.0254^2) - π * (9/640.0254^2)
To find the cross-sectional area through which the coolant can flow, the area of the fuel assembly must be subtracted from the area of the channel in which it is located.
The diameter of the fuel assembly is 3/4 inch, so the radius is 3/4 inch / 2 = 3/8 inch. Therefore, the area of the fuel element will be:
π * (3/8 inch)^2 = π * (9/64 inch^2)
The radius of the channel is 1.5 inch, so its area:
π * (1.5 in)^2 = π * ( 2.25 in^2)
To find the area of the channel not occupied by fuel elements, subtract the area of the fuel elements from the area. Channels:
π * (2.25 inches^2) - π * (9/64 inches^2)
Inch units need to be converted to meters. 1 inch is approximately 0.0254 meters.
So we can convert the above formula by replacing the inch units with metric units.
π * (2.250.0254^2) - π * (9/640.0254^2)
This gives an area through which the coolant can flow.
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An Ideal gas is being heated in a circular duct as while flowing over an electric heater of 130 kW. The diameter of duct is 500 mm. The gas enters the heating section of the duct at 100 kPa and 27 deg C with a volume flow rate of 15 m3/s. If heat is lost from the gas in the duct to the surroundings at a rate of 80 kW, Calculate the exit temperature of the gas in deg C. (Assume constant pressure, ideal gas, negligible change in kinetic and potential energies and constant specific heat; Cp =1000 J/kg K; R = 500 J/kg K)
Answer:
Exit temperature = 32 °C
Explanation:
We are given;
Initial Pressure;P1 = 100 KPa
Cp =1000 J/kg.K = 1 KJ/kg.k
R = 500 J/kg.K = 0.5 Kj/Kg.k
Initial temperature;T1 = 27°C = 273 + 27K = 300 K
volume flow rate;V' = 15 m³/s
W = 130 Kw
Q = 80 Kw
Using ideal gas equation,
PV' = m'RT
Where m' is mass flow rate.
Thus;making m' the subject, we have;
m' = PV'/RT
So at inlet,
m' = P1•V1'/(R•T1)
m' = (100 × 15)/(0.5 × 300)
m' = 10 kg/s
From steady flow energy equation, we know that;
m'•h1 + Q = m'h2 + W
Dividing through by m', we have;
h1 + Q/m' = h2 + W/m'
h = Cp•T
Thus,
Cp•T1 + Q/m' = Cp•T2 + W/m'
Plugging in the relevant values, we have;
(1*300) - (80/10) = (1*T2) - (130/10)
Q and M negative because heat is being lost.
300 - 8 + 13 = T2
T2 = 305 K = 305 - 273 °C = 32 °C
13000 + 300 - 8000 = T2
Ethane (C2H6) is chlorinated in a continuous reactor: C2H6 + Cl2 C2H5Cl + HCl
Some of ethane is converted in an undesired side reaction: C2H6 + 2Cl2 C2H4Cl2 + 2HCl
Flow rate of the feed to the reactor (not the fresh feed to process) is 150 mol/h, containing 4 moles of ethane (C2H6) per mole of chlorine (Cl2). The conversion of C2H6 in the reactor is 15%, and for every 100 moles of ethane consumed in the reactor, 80 moles of monochloroethane (C2H5Cl) exit in reactor products.
A separation process is used to separate the products: ethane and chlorine are recycled to the reactor and monochloroethane (C2H5Cl) leaves the system to be sold as a product, and HCl and C2H4Cl2 are discarded.
a) Draw and label the flowchart of the process.
b) Calculate the molar flow rate on unconsumed C2H6 leaving the reactor. c) Calculate the production rate of C2H5Cl leaving the reactor.
d) Calculate the molar flow rate of C2H6 and Cl2 in the fresh feed.
Flowchart of the process: Feed (C2H6 + Cl2) -> Reactor -> Separation -> Recycle (C2H6 + Cl2) and discard (HCl + C2H4Cl2) -> Product (C2H5Cl).
What is Flow rate?The volume V flowing past a point in time t is defined as the flow rate Q, or Q=Vt, where V is volume and t is time.
To calculate the molar flow rate of unconsumed C2H6 leaving the reactor, we need to first calculate the molar flow rate of C2H6 consumed in the reactor.
Molar flow rate of C2H6 in feed = 4 moles of C2H6 / mole of Cl2 * 150 mol/h = 600 mol/h
Molar flow rate of C2H6 consumed = 15% of 600 mol/h = 90 mol/h
Molar flow rate of unconsumed C2H6 leaving the reactor = Molar flow rate of C2H6 in feed - Molar flow rate of C2H6 consumed = 600 mol/h - 90 mol/h = 510 mol/h
Therefore, the molar flow rate of unconsumed C2H6 leaving the reactor is 510 mol/h.
c) To calculate the production rate of C2H5Cl leaving the reactor, we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction and the given conversion and selectivity data.
For every 100 moles of C2H6 consumed in the reactor, 80 moles of C2H5Cl is produced. Therefore, the molar flow rate of C2H5Cl leaving the reactor can be calculated as:
Molar flow rate of C2H5Cl leaving the reactor = Molar flow rate of C2H6 consumed * (80/100) = 90 mol/h * (80/100) = 72 mol/h
Therefore, the production rate of C2H5Cl leaving the reactor is 72 mol/h.
d) To calculate the molar flow rate of C2H6 and Cl2 in the fresh feed, we can use the given information that the feed contains 4 moles of C2H6 per mole of Cl2.
Let the molar flow rate of Cl2 in the feed be x. Then, the molar flow rate of C2H6 in the feed can be calculated as:
Molar flow rate of C2H6 in feed = 4 moles of C2H6 / mole of Cl2 * x
We know that the total molar flow rate in the feed is 150 mol/h. Therefore, we can write:
x + 4x = 150
Solving for x, we get:
x = 25 mol/h
Therefore, the molar flow rate of C2H6 in the fresh feed is:
Molar flow rate of C2H6 in feed = 4 moles of C2H6 / mole of Cl2 * x = 4 mol/h * 25 = 100 mol/h
And the molar flow rate of Cl2 in the fresh feed is:
Molar flow rate of Cl2 in feed = x = 25 mol/h
Thus, the molar flow rate of C2H6 and Cl2 in the fresh feed are 100 mol/h and 25 mol/h, respectively.
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With these systems, input and output devices are located outside the system unit
The computer system unit consists of central processing units (CPU), memory, and other crucial circuitry. With these systems, input and output devices are located outside the system unit. The system unit is a computer's central component, where all essential processes take place.
The computer's primary purpose is to provide the user with computing solutions. Therefore, it needs both input and output devices. Input devices are used to interact with the computer, while output devices are used to view the results of that interaction. A keyboard, mouse, joystick, and scanner are examples of input devices. However, monitors, speakers, and printers are output devices.Input devices are used to interact with the computer, and they send data into the system unit. The input devices send data to the computer, which processes it and then sends the result to the output devices for interpretation by the user. The user can interact with the output devices, which are located outside the system unit and then feed the computer with more data. Furthermore, output devices are responsible for displaying the output of the computer's internal processes. The computer system unit provides a platform for computing processes, and the input/output devices serve to make the computer user-friendly by providing a means of interaction with the system unit. In conclusion, with these systems, input and output devices are located outside the system unit, where they play a crucial role in making the computer system interactive, user-friendly, and productive.
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Why is using the proper joining technique important? What could go wrong if the wrong joining technique is used?
Answer:
Explanation:
Using the proper technique is incredibly important because it prevents the materials being joined from breaking and/or causing an accident. If the wrong joining technique is used the materials may not hold in place and come apart easily instead. Also, some joining techniques are not meant for some materials and may instead cause the material to become weak and brittle causing it to break apart almost immediately.
Joining describes a technique which is used to merge two or more independent materials together. The use of wrong joining technique or procedure could result in accident.
In engineering construction, the need to join materials together is always needed for so many reasons. Hence, depending on the materials to be merged, welding, soldering and some other techniques may be employed.
Therefore, wrong or inadequate joining may cause these parts to split or breakup, hence causing severe casualty.
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create a query that displays the schoolname and city for all schools in a state specified by the user when the query is opened.
The school name & city for each school in the state that the user has chosen when opening the query.
SLECT SchoolName, City
FROM Schools
WHERE State = ;E
What is query?
A query is an inquiry made to a data source, like a database, requesting information. Typically, it is stated in a particular language created for that data source, like Structured Query Languages (SQL). Queries are a crucial component of any process of data analysis since they are employed to retrieve data which satisfies specific requirements. To achieve the desired results, it is crucial to make sure that queries were properly written and adhere to the proper syntax. Additionally, queries can be used to add, edit, or remove information from a source.
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Which of the following creates a digest and does not create ciphertext that can later be decrypted? a. symmetric cryptography b. hash alhorithm c. asymmetric cryptography d. Message Digest Encryption (MDE)
The given frame is unbraced, and bending is about the x axis of each member. The axial dead load supported by column AB is 204 kips, and the axial live load is 408 kips. Fy = 50 ksi. Determine Kx for member AB. Use the stiffness reduction factor if applicable. a. LRFD. (5pts) b. ASD (5pts)
3837 kip-ft / 7560 kip-ft = 1.97 for Mn / Mx. Member AB is regarded as suitable for LRFD because this ratio is bigger than 1.0.
What is LRFD's maximum factored load?The force that will cause a member to yield is typically between 1.3 and 1.4 times the member strength (the maximum load that the member will support). These load factors, whose size varies depending on the type of load, are used in the load combination formulae.
Kx = Effective length factor for x-axis bending
= Lx / rx
\(Lx = AC = √(13^2 + 25^2) = 28.8 ft\)
\(rx = √(Ix / A)\)
\(A = 28.5 in^2\)
\(Ix = 1630 in^4\)
\(rx = √(1630 / 28.5) = 9.07 in\)
Now we can calculate Kx:
Kx = Lx / rx = (28.8 ft) / (9.07 in / 12 in/ft) = 11.5
\(Mx = (1.2D + 1.6L) * (Lx / Kx)\)
\(= (1.2 * 204 kips + 1.6 * 408 kips) * (28.8 ft / 11.5)\)
= 3837 kip-ft
\(Mn = Fy * Zx\)
\(Zx = 168 in^3\)
\(Mn = Fy * Zx = 50 ksi * 168 in^3 = 8400 kip-ft\)
The LRFD design strength of member AB is then:
\(φMn = 0.9 * Mn = 0.9 * 8400 kip-ft = 7560 kip-ft\)
\(φMn / Mx = 7560 kip-ft / 3837 kip-ft = 1.97\)
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when adding refrigerant in vapor form to a refrigeration system, the system motor/compressor assembly is running.
When adding refrigerant in vapor form to a refrigeration system, the system motor/compressor assembly is running. This statement is false.
You MUST flash or throttle the refrigerant when injecting liquid refrigerant into the suction pipe while the compressor is running. Otherwise, liquid refrigerant could enter the compressor, thus this must be done (slugging). The oil in the compressor may be flushed out during slugging. Charge refrigerant vapor into the low side of the refrigeration system while the system is under high evaporator heat loading and continue doing so until the sight glass stops bubbling. When a system runs out of refrigerant, liquid refrigerant can be passed into the king valve on the liquid line or receiver. It passes via the condenser and evaporator. The liquid refrigerant is let to enter a system that is evacuated or vacuumed up until the flow has almost stopped.
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Hey guys can anyone list chemical engineering advancement that has been discovered within the past 20 years
A vibration system consists of a mass 50 kg, a spring of stiffness 30 kN/m and a damper. The
damping provided is only 20% of the critical value. Determine (a) the damping factor, (b) the
critical damping coefficient, (c) the natural frequency of the damped vibrations, (d) the
logarithmic decrement and (e) the ratio of two consecutive amplitudes.
Answer:
20% of the critical value. Determine (a) the damping factor, (b) the
Explanation:
please help with my economics problem
Answer:
You first get a new job, and make a new company and then by amazon to traumatize Jeff Bezos after his divorce
Explanation:
We create, maintain, and live by often __________ that we hope will keep the family (and each of its members) functional.
We create, maintain, and live by often unspoken rules and routines that we hope will keep the family (and each of its members) functional.
What are unspoken rules in families?
There are unspoken guidelines that family members follow in order to maintain order in families dealing with substance use disorders. These guidelines are: Don't trust, don't feel, and don't talk. To keep things as they are, those who are a part of the system abide by these norms.
Why is it important to have family rules?
Children learn what acts are acceptable and unacceptable from their family's rules. As kids get older, they will encounter situations where they must abide by rules. Children who learn to follow rules at home will likely learn to do so elsewhere.
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A message can be delivered using 2 hops (one node between the source and destination). BER = p = 10-5 A] If the message is 2 Mbits long, what is the average number of errors?
The average number of errors in a 2 Mbit message with a BER of 10^-5 is 20. To calculate the average number of errors in a message that is 2 Mbits long, we need to consider the Bit Error Rate (BER) and the length of the message.
The Bit Error Rate (BER) is defined as the probability of a bit being received in error. In this case, the BER (p) is given as 10^-5. The average number of errors can be calculated using the formulas. Average number of errors = Length of the message * BER
Given that the length of the message is 2 Mbits (2 million bits) and the BER (p) is 10^-5, we can substitute these values into the formula:
Average number of errors = 2,000,000 bits * 10^-5 = 20
Therefore, the average number of errors in a 2 Mbit message with a BER of 10^-5 is 20.
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Most cylinder wear occurs at the top of ring travel true or false
Answer:
true
I hope it helps mate
I will always help you understanding your assingments
enjoy your day
#Captainpower:)
In the enterprise sphere of influence, application software is used to a. support order processing, accounting, and inventory management b. create, edit, and print text documents and spreadsheets c. aid with scheduling meetings and coordinating team members' efforts d. develop graphs, illustrations, and educational presentations
In the enterprise sphere of influence, application software plays a vital role in supporting various business operations. Among the common functions that application software is used for are order processing, accounting, and inventory management.
These applications help businesses to efficiently track and manage their inventory, accounts payable and receivable, and orders, which leads to improved productivity and cost-effectiveness.
Another crucial use of application software in the enterprise is for creating, editing, and printing text documents and spreadsheets. These applications facilitate communication and collaboration among team members, allowing for the sharing of information and data analysis. Moreover, the software enables businesses to create professional-looking documents that meet the needs of their customers and stakeholders.
Application software can also aid with scheduling meetings and coordinating team members' efforts. With features like shared calendars, task lists, and to-do lists, teams can better manage their time and resources, ensuring that projects are completed on time and within budget. Furthermore, applications that support project management enable businesses to plan, monitor, and control project activities effectively.
Finally, application software can be used to develop graphs, illustrations, and educational presentations. These applications help businesses to visually represent data and information, making it easier for stakeholders to understand complex concepts. Additionally, educational presentations enable businesses to train their employees on new technologies and processes, thus improving their skills and competencies.
In summary, application software is an essential tool for businesses in the enterprise sphere of influence, enabling them to streamline operations, communicate and collaborate more effectively, and represent data and information visually.
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An ideal transformer produces an output voltage that is 500% larger (e.g. a 6-fold increase) than the input voltage. 1) If the input current is 14 A (rms), what is the output current
Answer:
2 1/3 A
Explanation:
power in = power out
V (14) = 6V a
14 = 6a
a = 14/6 =
Choose two other elements from the periodic table that you predict should react to form something like table salt
Please pleassssss helppp
I give branlistttttt
A six-lane divided multilane highway (three lanes in each direction) has a measured free-flow speed of 50 mi/h. It is on mountainous terrain with a traffic stream consisting of 7% large trucks and buses and 3% recreational vehicles. The driver population adjustment in 0.92. One direction of the highway currently operates at maximum LOS C conditions and it is known that the highway has PHF=0.90.
How many vehicles can be added to this highway before capacity is reached, assuming the proportion of vehicle types remain the same but the peak-hour factor increases to 0.95?
Process: (1) determine passenger car equivalent for trucks and buses; (2) determine passenger car equivalent for recreational vehicles; (3) calculate heavy vehicle factor; (4) determine 15-min passenger equivalent flow rate for current conditions; (5) determine 15-min passenger equivalent flow rate at full capacity; (6) calculate the volume for current and capacity conditions; (7) take the difference of the two volumes to determine how many vehicles were added
Answer:
The number of vehicles added to this highway before the capacity is reached is 1,511 vehicles.
Explanation:
see attached image
The inverted U-tube is used to measure the pressure difference between two points A and B in an inclined pipeline through which water flows. The differenceof level h=0.4m ; X=0.2; and Y=0.3m. Calculate the pressure difference between point B and A if the top of the manometer is filled with:
i) Air
ii) paraffin of relative density of 0.75
Answer:
i) 0.610 m or 610 mm
ii) 0.4 m or 400 mm
Explanation:
The pressure difference between the pipes is
a) Air
Pa + πha +Ha = Pb + πhb +Hb
Pa - Pb = π(hb-ha) + Hb-Ha
Relative density of air = 1.2754 kg /m3
Pa - Pb = 1.2754 * 0.4 + (0.3-0.2) = 0.610 m or 610 mm
b) paraffin of relative density of 0.75
Pa - Pb = π(hb-ha) + Hb-Ha
Pa - Pb = 0.75 * 0.4 + (0.3-0.2) = 0.4 m or 400 mm
29 10 1 point According to Gate Theory, which of the following factors can make you more sensitive to pain? Placebo effects Competing signals, like rubbing your elbow Chronic stress High levels of arousal 30 1 point Patients who are allowed to self-administer morphine use less than when they receive injections from healthcare providers. True False 31 1 point What happens when people lose their sense of smell (olfaction)? They often become manic. 32 Not much. Olfaction is not a very important sense for humans. They compensate by developing an increased sensitivity to taste (gustation). They often become depressed. 1 point The different taste qualities (sweet, sour, bitter, salt, umami) each have their own area of the tongue that is most sensitive to them. True False
The statement that The different taste qualities (sweet, sour, bitter, salt, umami) each have their own area of the tongue that is most sensitive to them is False.
Gate Theory states that competing signals such as rubbing your elbow can make you more sensitive to pain. This theory suggests that physical signals such as massage, pressure, heat, or cold can block the transmission of pain messages through the spinal cord and prevent them from reaching the brain. Therefore, when people rub their elbows or apply pressure to the area, this stimulates the non-painful touch fibers and decreases the transmission of the painful stimuli.
As per the statement, patients who are allowed to self-administer morphine use less than when they receive injections from healthcare providers is True. Olfaction is a very important sense for humans, and they often become depressed when they lose their sense of smell (olfaction). The statement that The different taste qualities (sweet, sour, bitter, salt, umami) each have their own area of the tongue that is most sensitive to them is False.
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You are on the Moon and would like to send a probe into space so that it does not fall back to the surface of the Moon. What launch speed do you need?
To launch a probe into space from the Moon so that it does not fall back to the surface, you need an escape velocity of 2.38 km/s. This is the minimum speed required to overcome the gravitational pull of the Moon and send the probe into space.
The formula used to calculate the escape velocity of an object from the surface of a celestial body is derived from the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of the object. The formula is:
v = \(\sqrt{\frac{2 * G * M}{r} }\)
where:
v is the escape velocity,
G is the gravitational constant (approximately 6.67430 × 10⁻¹¹m³ kg⁻¹ s⁻²,
M is the mass of the celestial body (in this case, the Moon),
r is the distance from the center of the celestial body to the object's starting point (in this case, the radius of the Moon).
The radius of the Moon is approximately 1,737 kilometers (1,737,000 meters), and its mass is approximately 7.3477 × 10²² kilograms. Put these values into the formula, we can calculate the escape velocity.
Put in the values:
v = \(\sqrt{\frac{2 * 1.62 * 1,737,000 }\)
sqrt(2 * 1.62 * 1,737,000) ≈ 2,376 meters per second (m/s)
Therefore, to ensure that the probe does not fall back to the surface of the Moon, you would need a launch speed of approximately 2,376 m/s or 2,38 m/s.
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a si p-n junction has an area of 1 cm2. on the p-side of the junction, there are 2 x 1017 acceptors/cm3. on the n-side of the junction, there are 1 x 1017 donors/cm3. find the built-in potential.
Assuming that the intrinsic carrier concentration is roughly 1 × 10¹⁰ cm³, the built-in potential is given by: Therefore, the p-n junction has a built-in potential of about -0.18 V.
The difference in electron and hole concentrations on the p-side and n-side of a p-n junction controls its intrinsic potential. The equation can be used to compute it.
\(V_{bi} = \frac{kT}{q} \times \ln \frac{N_{d} \times N_{a}}{n_{i}^{2}}\)
where,
\(V_{bi}\) is the intrinsic potential (measured in volts),
k is the Boltzmann constant (8.62 × 10⁻⁵ eV/K),
T is the temperature (measured in kelvin),
q is the electronic charge (1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ C),
\(N_{d}\) is the donor concentration (measured in cm³).
Nₐ is the acceptor (measured in cm³), and
\(n_{i}\) is the intrinsic carrier concentration (measured in cm³).
Now,
\(V_{bi} = \frac{kT}{q} \times \ln \frac{(1 \times 10^{17}) \times (2 \times 10^{17})}{n_{i}^{2}}\)
\(= \frac{(8.62 \times 10^{-5}) \times (300)}{1.6 \times 10^-{19}} \times \ln \frac{2 \times 10^{17}}{n_{i}^{2}}\)
\(= 0.0259 \times \ln \frac{2 \times 10^{17}}{n_{i}^{2}}\)
\(V_{bi} = 0.0259 \times \ln \frac{2 \times 10^{17}}{(1 \times 10^{10})^{2}}\)
= \(0.0259 \times \ln \frac{2 \times 10^{17}}{1 \times 10^{20}}\)
= 0.0259 × ln(2 × 10⁻³)
= 0.0259 × (-6.9078)
= -0.18 V
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How to measure the quality of the output signal in ADC?
A. Signal-to-noise ratio
B. Quantization error
C. Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio
D. Bit error rate
Answer:
C. Signal-to-quantization-noise ratio
Explanation: