Which best explains how the overproduction of goods in the 1920s affected consumer prices and the economy?.

Answers

Answer 1

Prices fell as consumer demand decreased, and the economy slowed down. Which best explains why people failed to make their promised payments on items during the 1920s? They bought too much.

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A company has three production facilities SS, and S; with production capacity of 17,19 and 18 units in 100s) per week of a product, respectively. These units are to be shipped to four warehouses D1, D2, D3, and D4 with requirement of 15, 6, 17 and 14 units (in 100s) per week, respectively. The transportation costs (in $) per unit between factories to warehouses are given in the table below:

D D D D4
19 30 50
10 S 70
20 40 15
40 8 60 20

A. Formulate this transportation problem as an LP model to minimize the total transportation cost. B. Draw the graph of the problem. C. Fine a feasible solution using Northwest and minimum-cost methods. 1 D. Show the problem in table format if D3 increase from 17 to 20.

Answers

A. Formulating the transportation problem as an LP model:

Let:

xij = the number of units (in 100s) transported from facility i to warehouse j

Objective:

Minimize the total transportation cost

Constraints:

1. Supply constraints:

x11 + x12 + x13 + x14 <= 17 (Production capacity of facility SS)

x21 + x22 + x23 + x24 <= 19 (Production capacity of facility S)

x31 + x32 + x33 + x34 <= 18 (Production capacity of facility S)

2. Demand constraints:

x11 + x21 + x31 >= 15 (Requirement of warehouse D1)

x12 + x22 + x32 >= 6 (Requirement of warehouse D2)

x13 + x23 + x33 >= 17 (Requirement of warehouse D3)

x14 + x24 + x34 >= 14 (Requirement of warehouse D4)

3. Non-negativity constraints:

xij >= 0 for all i, j

Objective function:

Minimize 19x11 + 30x12 + 50x13 + 10x21 + 70x23 + 20x24 + 40x31 + 8x32 + 60x33 + 20x34

B. Graph of the problem:

Unfortunately, as a text-based AI, I cannot directly generate a graphical representation here. However, you can draw a graph using the facilities and warehouses as nodes, with the transportation costs as edges between them.

C. Feasible solution using Northwest and minimum-cost methods:

To find a feasible solution using the Northwest and minimum-cost methods, you would start by allocating the maximum possible units from the facilities to the warehouses based on their supply and demand values while considering the transportation costs.

1. Northwest Corner Method:

Start from the northwest corner (facility SS, warehouse D1) and allocate units until one of the supply or demand values is fully satisfied. Then move to the next non-allocated cell adjacent to the allocated region and continue until all supply and demand values are satisfied.

2. Minimum-Cost Method:

Start by identifying the lowest transportation cost among the remaining non-allocated cells. Allocate units from the corresponding facility to the warehouse until one of the supply or demand values is fully satisfied. Repeat this process by selecting the next lowest cost cell until all supply and demand values are satisfied.

D. Showing the problem in table format with D3 increasing from 17 to 20:

The updated transportation table would be:

| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4

----|----|----|----|----

SS | 19 | 30 | 50 |

S | 10 | | 70 |

S | 20 | 40 | 15 |

| 40 | 8 | 60 | 20

The requirement of warehouse D3 has increased from 17 to 20 units.

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QUE ES UN CHOQUE ELECTRO SEVERO
RAPIDO RAPIDO AYUDA POR FAVOR
ES DE ELTRICIDAD PERO LE PUSE ESA MATERIA PORFAVOR AYUDAME

Answers

Answer:

un choque electro es un choque electrico

Why can’t a guy just love me, I would give him cuddles , kissed in the forehead , call him baby/ sunshine , let him use my thighs as pillows LOL ( don’t ask ) would play video games with him 24/7 , go to theme parks and have so much fun! I only wish it was real :(

Answers

Answer:

Dont rush anything!

Explanation:

The person who is meant for you will come soon :)

When it comes to writing messages in today's business environment,
A) printed letters are obsolete.
B) printed letters are still used for external communication.
C) email has completely replaced printed memos for all internal communication.
D) printed letters are used primarily for negative messages.
E) printed documents are considered highly informal.

Answers

The correct answer is (B) printed letters are still used for external communication.

Although email has become a primary means of communication in the business world, printed letters are still commonly used for external communication, such as formal correspondence with customers, clients, or other external stakeholders. Printed letters often carry a level of formality and professionalism that is not always present in email communication.

While email has largely replaced printed memos for internal communication, printed letters are still used for external communication in many organizations. Additionally, printed letters are not solely reserved for negative messages; they are often used for positive messages such as congratulatory notes or thank you letters.

Overall, it is important for individuals in the business world to understand when it is appropriate to use printed letters versus email communication, and to be able to use both effectively for different types of messages and audiences.

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Changing compounding frequency Using annual, semiannual, and quarterly compounding periods, (1) calculate the future value if $6,000 is deposited initially at 9% annual interest for 9 years, and (2) determine the effective annual rate (EAR).

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(1) The future value of $6,000 initially deposited at 9% annual interest for 9 years is $11,153.71 for annual compounding, $11,262.71 for semiannual compounding, and $11,349.99 for quarterly compounding.

(2) The effective annual rates are 9% for annual compounding, 9.2025% for semiannual compounding, and 9.2364% for quarterly compounding.

(1) For annual compounding, we use the formula:

Future Value = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where P is the principal amount, r is the annual interest rate, n is the compounding frequency per year, and t is the number of years.

Plugging in the values, we get Future Value = $6,000(1 + 0.09/1)^(1*9)

= $11,153.71.

For semiannual compounding, n = 2.

Plugging in the values, we get Future Value = $6,000(1 + 0.09/2)^(2*9)

= $11,262.71.

For quarterly compounding, n = 4.

Plugging in the values, we get Future Value = $6,000(1 + 0.09/4)^(4*9)

= $11,349.99.

(2) The effective annual rate (EAR) is the rate that takes into account the effect of compounding. It is calculated using the formula:

EAR = (1 + r/n)^n - 1, where r is the nominal annual interest rate and n is the compounding frequency per year.

For annual compounding, EAR = (1 + 0.09/1)^1 - 1

= 0.09 or 9%.

For semiannual compounding, EAR = (1 + 0.09/2)^2 - 1

= 0.092025 or 9.2025%.

For quarterly compounding, EAR = (1 + 0.09/4)^4 - 1

= 0.092364 or 9.2364%.

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When participating in the
___________ ___________ ___________ students and FBLA Chapters
are able to compete with students and chapters ranked the best in the state in competitive events.
The election of State officers occurs at this event.

O National Leadership Conference

O Fall Leadership Conference

O State Leadership Conference

O Regional Leadership Conference

Answers

Answer:

At the National Leadership Conference

Explanation:

Which category of inventory holding costs has a much higher percentage than average for rapid-change industries such as PCs and cell phones

Answers

Based on the information given, the category of inventory holding costs that are illustrated include pilferage, scrap, and obsolescence.

Holding costs simply means the costs that are associated with the storage of unsold inventory.

The inventory holding costs that have a much higher percentage than average for rapid-change industries such as PCs and cell phones are pilferage, scrap, and obsolescence.

Others such as housing costs, labor costs, parts costs, etc have a lower percentage.

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if the monopolist can engage in perfect price discrimination, what is the average revenue when 7 ties are sold

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When a monopolist engages in ideal price discrimination, the marginal revenue curve lies beneath the demand curve. the demand curve and the marginal income curve are identical.

What is a flawlessly discriminating monopolist?

A discriminating monopoly is a monopoly firm that fees one of a kind costs to one of a kind segments of its customer base. An on-line retailer might also charge greater expenses to customers in wealthy ZIP codes and decrease expenditures to these in poorer regions.

Is a perfectly rate discriminating monopolist efficient?

The flawlessly charge discriminating monopolist will be allocatively efficient due to the fact the ultimate unit bought will have a fee equal to marginal cost.

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A writer, an illustrator, a publisher and an agent would form a
a. Functional team
b. Choss-functional team
C. Management team
d. Corporate team

Answers

Answer:

b. Cross-functional team

Explanation:

A cross-functional team is composed of individuals with different skill sets. It is formed to accomplish a task that requires the input of different functional skills. Organizations form cross-functional teams by picking its members from various departments in the company. Cross-functional teams are always temporary and are disbanded when their mission is accomplished.

A writer, an illustrator, a publisher, and an agent have diverse skill sets. The team they would form is cross-functional

What does a straight-line production possibilities frontier (PPF) represent? What does a bowed-outward PPF represent?

Answers

The graph known as the Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) illustrates all the possible output combinations of two items that may be created with the resources and technologies currently in use.

What does a PPF in a straight line mean?PPF is accurate; the resources are completely interchangeable. • The straight PPF demonstrates that opportunity costs are constant. Opportunity Costs are constant if the PPF is straight, as the straight PPF demonstrates. The graph known as the Production Possibilities Frontier (PPF) illustrates all the possible output combinations of two items that may be created with the resources and technologies currently in use. The PPF effectively expresses the ideas of choice, tradeoffs, and scarcity.The PPC's bowed-out form suggests that production opportunity costs are rising. The PPC model may also be used to show economic growth, which is represented by a change in the PPC.

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11
Which of the following is the term used to describe activities falling outside of the normal, required curriculum of school?
O Extraneous activities
extracurricular activities
supplementary activities
copious activities

Answers

B. extracurricular activities!

Why is the automobile industry considered an oligopoly?
It offers little differentiation within the market.
It has significant barriers to entry.
It is controlled by companies that patent key technology.
It relies on price variation to attract customers.
It depends on brand loyalty and image to generate sales.
It is dominated by a few key players.

Answers

The reasons that the automobile industry is an oligopoly in market economics are because of B. It has significant barriers to entry and F. It is dominated by a few key players.

An oligopoly is a market condition where the possibility of firms colluding with each other exists.

Firms in this market are interdependent, especially with regards to pricing.

Oligopolistic firms differentiate their products, and they have few producers.

There are barriers to entry.

Thus, an oligopoly limits entries to a few key players who dominate the market.

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Answer:

B: It has significant barriers to entry.

E: It depends on brand loyalty and image to generate sales.

F: It is dominated by a few key players.

Ninoska contributed $500,000 to an irrevocable trust and did not retain any right to the

trust’s assets. The income beneficiary of the irrevocable trust was Gene’s sister, and the remainder beneficiary of the irrevocable trust was Gene’s niece. At the time of the transfer, Gene paid gift tax of $35,000. Gene died four years later, when the value of the irrevocable trust was $1,200,000. With regard to the irrevocable trust, how much is included in Gene’s gross estate? (Points : 0.63)

a $0.

b $35,000.

c $500,000.

d $1,200,000.

Which of the following statements relating to qualified transfers for gift tax purposes is

not correct? (Points : 0.63)

a The relationship between the donor and the donee is irrelevant with a

qualified transfer.

b A payment made directly to an individual to reimburse him for medical

expenses is a qualified transfer.

c The exclusion for a qualified transfer is in addition to the annual exclusion.

d A payment made to a qualified education institution for tuition costs is a

qualified transfer.

Julie recently hit it big at the casino. Because of her good fortune, Julie would like to

begin a gifting program in which she will give her family and friends yearly gifts equal to

the annual exclusion. She would like to learn more about the gift tax system and how

gifts are valued. All of the following statements regarding the valuation of a gift are true,

except: (Points : 0.63)

a Publicly traded securities are valued at the average of the opening and closing

market price for the day of the gift.

b Real estate is generally valued utilizing an appraisal.

c The value of a bond is the present value of the expected future payments.

d Certain valuation discounts may be available due to lack of marketability,

lack of liquidity, and lack of control.

the value of property over which the decedent held a general power of appointment will

be included in the decedent’s gross estate, regardless of whether the decedent exercised

the power. (Points : 0.63)

True

False

Answers

For the first question, the answer is D) $1,200,000. The value of the irrevocable trust at the time of Gene's death is included in his gross estate, regardless of the gift tax paid.

For the second question, the answer is A) The relationship between the donor and the donee is irrelevant with a qualified transfer. The relationship between the donor and the donee is actually very relevant for qualified transfers, as certain transfers are only qualified if made to specific individuals (e.g. spouse, charity).

For the third question, the answer is A) Publicly traded securities are valued at the average of the opening and closing market price for the day of the gift. This statement is false, as publicly traded securities are valued at the closing market price on the date of the gift (not the average of opening and closing prices).

For the fourth question, the answer is True. Property over which the decedent held a general power of appointment is included in their gross estate, regardless of whether they exercised the power.

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Cain Company reports net cash provided by operating activities of $35,000. It also reports the following information under “Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities” on its statement of cash flows (using the indirect method).

Answers

It can be seen from the solutions given that Cain's net income is $24,000.

Here is the solution:

Net income = Net cash provided by operating activities - Adjustments

= $35,000 - $6,000 - $10,000 + $4,000 + $7,000 + $4,000

= $24,000

Therefore, Cain's net income is $24,000.

Here is a breakdown of the adjustments:

To determine cash flow from operations, it is necessary to include the gain on equipment sales in the net income as it is a non-cash entry.

A rise in accounts receivable implies that customers are prolonging payment of their invoices, resulting in decreased cash flow from the company's activities.

The depreciation expense is classified as a non-cash expense, hence it must be included in the calculation of cash from operations by adding it back to the net income.

A decrease in inventory indicates that the company is experiencing faster turnover of its inventory, leading to increased cash flow generated by its operations.

A rise in prepaid expenses denotes that the company is channeling more funds towards prepaid expenditures like insurance and rent, implying a reduced cash inflow from its operational activities.

A decline in the amount of wages that the company owes indicates that it is not promptly compensating its workforce. Consequently, this implies that the company's operational cash flow is reduced.

Answers

b. Can be legally prohibited from obtaining a copy of the shareholder list because his purpose is not bona fide.

In this scenario, Donald Walker, a dissident shareholder of the Meaker Corporation, intends to sue the existing board of directors for negligence and seeks to oust them. However, he may be legally prohibited from obtaining a copy of the shareholder list because his purpose is not bona fide. Access to the shareholder list is typically granted for legitimate purposes related to corporate governance and shareholder rights. If Walker's intentions are deemed to be improper or lacking a genuine interest in the company's affairs, the corporation may deny him access to the shareholder list.

Denying access to the shareholder list ensures the protection of shareholder privacy and prevents misuse of the information. Genuine shareholders seeking to exercise their rights or engage in legitimate corporate actions are typically granted access to the shareholder list, but if the purpose is not considered bona fide, the corporation has the right to restrict access.

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Sometimes the government will step in when they feel the need to encourage competition in
a particular industry and to break up companies that have nearly complete control over a
particular market. What is it called when the government initiates action against companies
that appear to have too much power?

A.consumer protection
B.OSHA
C.monopolies
D.antitrust suits

Answers

When the government has to break up these big businesses with most or all control they are called monopolies but the work of the government action is D.antitrust suits

The current price of a stock is $22. In 1 year, the price will be either $29 or $14. The annual risk-free rate is 6%. Find the price of a call option on th stock that has a strike price of $23 and that expires in 1 year. (Hint: Use daily compounding.) Assume a 365 -day year. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.

Answers

A call option's price on a stock that has a $23 strike price and expires in 1 year when the current stock price is $22, and the annual risk-free rate is 6 percent can be calculated by using daily compounding. The solution is explained below.Solution:The annual risk-free rate is 6 percent, and the time to maturity is 1 year, with a 365-day year. The daily risk-free rate can be calculated using the following formula:Rdaily= (1+Rannual)^(1/365) - 1Rdaily= (1+0.06)^(1/365) - 1Rdaily = 0.00015323Using the above-calculated risk-free rate, the value of the call option can be calculated using the following formula:Call option price = (expected call option price)/ (1+Rdaily)^(time to maturity in days)Expected call option price can be calculated as follows:If the price of the stock rises, the call option price will be the stock price at maturity minus the strike price of the option. In this case, it will be $29 - $23 = $6. If the stock price falls, the call option will have no value because the investor will not buy stock for $23 when it is worth $14.Therefore, the expected call option price = 0.5($6) + 0.5($0) = $3The time to maturity is 365 days, so the option price can be calculated as follows:Call option price = $3/ (1+0.00015323)^(365)Call option price = $1.03Therefore, the price of the call option is $1.03 when the strike price is $23. The answer is in 100 words.

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1) The driving force within individuals that impels them to action is known as ______. A) a goal. B) tension. C) motivation. D) a need. E) personality.

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The driving force within individuals that impels them to action is known as c) motivation.

Motivation is a crucial factor that influences human behavior, pushing individuals to pursue specific goals or satisfy particular needs. It is the underlying factor that fuels a person's actions and drives them to perform tasks or achieve objectives. Motivation can stem from various sources, including internal factors like needs, desires, or aspirations, and external factors such as rewards or social pressure.

There are two main types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation comes from the individual's personal interest, curiosity, or passion for the activity, whereas extrinsic motivation is driven by external factors such as rewards, recognition, or avoiding negative consequences. Both types of motivation can be powerful drivers of human behavior.

Understanding motivation is essential for various aspects of life, such as personal development, education, and workplace productivity. By identifying and leveraging motivational factors, individuals can optimize their performance and achieve their goals more effectively. Ultimately, motivation plays a critical role in determining the direction and intensity of an individual's actions, shaping their overall performance and personal growth.

Therefore, the correct answer is c) motivation.

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a not-for-profit organization that represents an urban area that tries to solicit business or pleasure-seeking visitors is a(n)

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A not-for-profit organization that represents an urban area that tries to solicit business or pleasure-seeking visitors is a(n) Convention and visitors bureau.

An organization is a set of people who paintings together, like a community affiliation, a charity, a union, or a corporation. you can use the word organisation to consult group or commercial enterprise, or to the act of forming or setting up something.

A corporation is an reliable group of human beings, for instance a political birthday celebration, a commercial enterprise, a charity, or a club. most of these specialized colleges are furnished via voluntary businesses. ... a record by using the worldwide Labour company. Synonyms: organization, enterprise, birthday celebration, body extra Synonyms of enterprise.

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If you have $600 and you find an investment that annually yields 3%, how much interest would you earn in 15 years?

Answers

Answer:

$270.00 in 15 years

Explanation:

3% of $600 = $18.00 annually

$18.00 x 15 years = $270.00 interest earned

According to U.S. law, a company has an illegal monopoly when it dominates an industry and ___. *
2 points
A. collects information on its customers
B. takes actions that prevent competition
C. has more than 75 percent of the market share
D. sets prices that are more than 10 percent higher than industry average

Answers

Answer: a

Explanation:

When a company dominates an industry and takes actions that prevent competition, its is called an illegal monopoly

Let understand that "Monopoly" refers to having an exclusive ownership and control of supply of goods or a service.

Illegal monopoly are labelled illegal because its involves an act of improper conduct.

Illegal monopoly can also be called anti-competitive monopolization.

Example of is when a Company employs certain tactics to ensure consumer buys its product along and thus making him the major supplier of the product in the location.

In conclusion, when actions taken by a company is preventing competition among firms producing similar goods and dominates the industry, such company is said to be practicing illegal monopoly.

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does 1 plus 1 = 65 yes or no

Answers

Answer:

No 1 + 1 = 2

Explanation:

Lol

For what purpose are goods and service produced in a socialist economy

Answers

Answer: The options are missing from the question,the options are;

A) Profits

B) Their usefulness

C) To create demands

D) To meet all consumer needs.

The correct answer to the question is option D

In a capitalist economy,goods and services are being produced for the sole aim of making profits and to accumulate capital, but when we talk about the SOCIALIST ECONOMY,it differs from the capitalist economy and the sole aim is different.

Socialist economy employs a technique known as usage value in the meeting of the needs and wants of the people, this prevents the over production or under production of goods and services based on their rewards and usage.

In socialist economy,goods are services are produced and those goods and services are made directly accessible to the people that is the masses. A scarce economic resources in a socialist economy are being utilized judiciously inorder to meet the needs of the consumers and make them satisfied in every way possible.

A process cost system would be used for all of the following products except...
answer choices
A) chemicals
B) computer chips
C) soft drinks
D) motion pictures

Answers

The answer is D.) motion pictures

A bond sold in countries other than the country represented by the currency denominating it is known as a?

Answers

A bond sold in countries other than the country represented by the currency denominating it is known as a foreign bond or international bond.

These bonds are issued by governments, municipalities, or corporations in one country but are denominated in the currency of another country. Foreign bonds allow issuers to tap into international capital markets and attract investors from different regions. They provide opportunities for diversification and allow investors to gain exposure to different currencies and markets. The interest payments and principal repayment of foreign bonds are typically made in the currency of the country where the bond is issued, exposing investors to exchange rate risk.

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what is one of the distinguishing characteristics that sets terrorist financing apart from money laundering and makes it difficult to detect?

Answers

Answer:

The origin of the funds

Explanation:

hope it helped

The most basic difference between terrorist financing and cash laundering involves the starting place of the price range. Terrorist financing uses finances for an unlawful political cause, however, the cash isn't always necessarily derived from illicit proceeds.

What is money laundering?

Money laundering involves disguising financial belongings in order that they can be used without detection of the unlawful pastime that produced them. Thru cash laundering, the crook transforms the economic proceeds derived from a crook pastime into finances with a seeming prison supply.

Money laundering is illegal due to the fact it's miles a way for criminals to benefit from crime and frequently involves multiple unlawful activities. Both the act and the foundation of money laundering make it unlawful.

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1. Contrast traditional economies, command economies, and economies.

2. Explain gross domestic product (GDP).

3. Assess the importance and effects of globalization.

Answers

Answer:

1. A traditional economy is a system that relies on customs, history, and time-honored beliefs.2 A market economy is a system where the laws of supply and demand direct the production of goods and services. A command economy is where a central government makes all economic decisions.

2. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all finished goods and services made within a country during a specific period. GDP provides an economic snapshot of a country, used to estimate the size of an economy and growth rate. GDP can be calculated in three ways, using expenditures, production, or incomes.

3. Globalization means the speedup of movements and exchanges (of human beings, goods, and services, capital, technologies or cultural practices) all over the planet. One of the effects of globalization is that it promotes and increases interactions between different regions and populations around the globe.

2. If changes happen during September or October, which expenses will you be able to change most easily? Give an example of how you could make a change. (5 points)

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although the question does not provide any context, references, or give options, we can say that if changes happen during September or October, the expenses you will be able to change most easily are according with the provisions projected in the annual plan, the budget, compared with the monthly expenses.

That is why a company has to elaborate on a good financial plan and overseeing the projections and true sales of the marketing and sales plan. This is important to take the proper control of expenses and revenues. Depending on the volume of sales during September and October, you can decide what kind of changes or adjustments to make in the following months.

Answer:

I would be able to change the variable expenses most easily. Such as food, clothing, and discretionary spending.

I could make the change by

Budgeting in October:

food from spending -$70 back to -$60

cut clothes off since I bought some already from -$40 to $0

budget my discretionary spending from -$60 back to -$40

This would increase my savings to $230

suppose the fed sells $ 300 billion in government securities, which results in a $1500 billion decrease in the money supply. in the long run, the decrease in the money supply will cause the price level in the economy to and real gdp to .

Answers

Inflation decreases and real GDP decreases

What is Real gross domestic product?

Real gross domestic product (GDP) is a measure of an economy's output of all products and services over the course of a year, adjusted for inflation. Base-year prices are used to express real GDP. It is also referred to as GDP in constant dollars, GDP that has been inflation-adjusted, and GDP in constant prices. Real GDP, in its simplest form, measures a country's overall economic production while accounting for price changes.

Because it offers comparisons for both the amount and value of goods and services, real GDP makes analyzing GDP from year to year and from

various years more meaningful.

1 / .2 = 5

-300 * 5 = -1500

Shift the AD line to the left

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24. The company is considering two independent projects with an initial cost of $18,000 each. The cash inflows of Project A are $3,000, $7,000, and $10,000 for Years 1 to 3, respectively. The cash inflows for Project B are $3,000, $7,000, and $15,000 for Years 1 to 3, respectively. The required return is 12 percent and the cutoff discounted payback period is 3 years. Based on discounted payback, which project(s), if either, should be accepted

Answers

Answer: Project B

Explanation:

To find out the project that should be accepted based on the discount rate and the cut-off discounted payback periods, find the present value of the three year cashflows of each project. If it is larger than the initial investment then it should be accepted:

Project A

= 3,000 / (1 + 12%) + 7,000 / (1 + 10%)² + 10,000 / (1 + 12%)³

= $15,376.73

Project A's present value is less than the initial investment of $18,000 so it should not be chosen.

Project B

= 3,000 / (1 + 12%) + 7,000 / (1 + 10%)² + 15,000 / (1 + 12%)³

= $18,935.63

Project B's present value is larger than the initial investment of $18,000 so it should be chosen.

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