Which forces are intramolecular and which intermolecular?
(c) Those allowing liquid benzene to crystallize when cooled

The molar mass of insulin is approximately 0.798 g/mol, calculated using the equation for osmotic pressure and the given values of mass and volume.

To calculate the molar mass of insulin, we can use the equation for osmotic pressure:

π = (n/V)RT

where π is the osmotic pressure, n is the number of moles of solute, V is the volume of the solution in liters, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, convert the given values to appropriate units:

25.0 mg = 0.025 g
5.00 mL = 0.005 L

Next, rearrange the equation to solve for n (number of moles):

n = (πV) / (RT)

Substituting the given values:

n = (15.5 mmHg * 0.005 L) / ((0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K)) * 298 K)

Calculate n:

n ≈ 0.0313 mol

Finally, divide the mass of insulin (0.025 g) by the number of moles (0.0313 mol) to find the molar mass:

Molar mass = 0.025 g / 0.0313 mol

Molar mass ≈ 0.798 g/mol

So, the molar mass of insulin is approximately 0.798 g/mol.


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Difference between crystallization and evaporation to dryness : crystallization is the formation of solid crystal from liquid whereas evaporation is the formation of vapor from liquid.

Crystallization is defined as the the process in which pure solid separates in the form of crystal from solution .

Evaporation to dryness is  used to separate solute thermally when soluble solid does not decompose on heating. crystallization is better than evaporation to dryness because in the process of evaporation some solid in the mixture get decomposed leaving impurities. during the process of evaporation.

The major difference is that in crystallization is the formation of solid crystal from liquid whereas evaporation is the formation of vapor from liquid.

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This problem is providing us with the initial temperature of 40 g of ice as -15 °C, so the heat involved in the process to heat it up to 16.5 °C is required as well as the type of process, endothermic or exothermic. At the end, we obtain 17.4 kJ as the total heat and the process to be endothermic.

In chemistry, we can quantify the energy that is involved in a phase change by considering every sub-process that takes place from the initial temperature to the final one. In such a way, since this block of ice must first heat to 0 °C, then melt and finally heat to 16.5 °C, one infers three heat terms are needed; two sensible-based and one latent-based:

\(Q_T=Q_1+Q_2+Q_3\)

Hence, we define and calculate each term as follows:

\(Q_1=m*C_{ice}*(0\°C-(-15\°C))=40g*2.093\frac{J}{g*\°C}(15\°C)=1255.8J\\ \\Q_2=m*\Delta _mH=40g*333.55\frac{J}{g} =13342J\\\\Q_3=mC_{water}(16.5\°C-0\°C)=40g*4.184\frac{J}{g*\°C}(16.5\°C)=2761.4J\)

Finally, we add them together to obtain:

\(Q_T=17359.2J*\frac{1kJ}{1000J}\\ \\Q_T=17.4kJ\)

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Answer:

gases

Explanation:

Their atoms are the least far apart

The volume of the vessel in the evening when the temperature drops to 8.5°C is approximately 2.64 L.

We can use the combined gas law to solve this problem, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. The formula is:

(P1 x V1)/T1 = (P2 x V2)/T2

where P is pressure, V is volume, and T is temperature.

Using the initial conditions, we have:

P1 = P2 (assuming atmospheric pressure remains constant)

V1 = 3.1 L

T1 = 22.4°C + 273.15

    = 295.55 K

Solving for V2, we get:

V2 = (P1 x V1 x T2)/(P2 x T1)

     = (1 x 3.1 x (8.5°C + 273.15))/(1 x 295.55)

      = 2.64 L

As a result, when the temperature lowers to 8.5°C in the evening, the volume of the vessel is roughly 2.64 L.

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Answer:

Calcium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(NO3)2. ... It is a nitrate salt of Calcium which contains calcium and nitrogen and oxygen. Calcium nitrate is a white or whitish-grey coloured granular solid which absorbs moisture from the air and is usually found as a tetrahydrate compound Ca(NO3)2.

Explanation:

The periodic table has changed very little since it was originally developed by Mendeleev and Meyer is referred to as a false statement.

This is defined as the arrangement of elements based on their atomic number in a tabular form. It consists of 18 vertical columns which re referred to as groups and seven horizontal rows called period.

Henry Moseley in 1913 organized Mendeleev's periodic table based on physical properties.This took into consideration their atomic number rather than atomic mass and other missing elements.

This is the periodic table which is used currently and therefore hasn't changed much which is why false was chosen.

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There are three ways nitrogen can be fixed to be useful for living things: Biologically: Nitrogen gas (N2) diffuses into the soil from the atmosphere, and species of bacteria convert this nitrogen to ammonium ions (NH4+), which can be used by plants.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

Many human activities have a significant impact on the nitrogen cycle. Burning fossil fuels, application of nitrogen-based fertilizers, and other activities can dramatically increase the amount of biologically available nitrogen in an ecosystem.

Explanation:

Nitrogen is converted from atmospheric nitrogen (N2) into usable forms, such as NO2-, in a process known as fixation. The majority of nitrogen is fixed by bacteria, most of which are symbiotic with plants. Recently fixed ammonia is then converted to biologically useful forms by specialized bacteria.

The formula managers use to calculate a food service operation's total expense percentage is to divide the total cost of food by total sales.

The resulting amount should then be multiplied by 100 to get the percentage. A food service operation's total expense percentage is the percentage of its total sales that are spent on food.

The formula to calculate the food service operation's total expense percentage is:

Expense percentage = (Total cost of food / Total sales) * 100

This formula gives the total amount or the total expense percentage which a food service operation spends on its food to generate its total sales or revenue.

In this calculation, the total cost of food includes all expenses associated with purchasing, preparing, and serving the food, such as ingredients, labor, and supplies.

The calculation of the food service operation's total expense percentage is critical for the management and profitability of the business. It helps to determine the actual cost of the food and the operation's overall profitability.

By comparing the expense percentage of the business with industry standards and previous performance, management can make informed decisions to control costs, increase revenue, and maximize profits.

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Taking into account the definition of density, the density on the object is 0.012626 g/cm³.

Density is defined as the property that matter has to compress into a given space. This is, density is a quantity referred to the amount of mass in a certain volume of a substance.

Then, the expression for the calculation of density is the quotient between the mass of a body and the volume it occupies:

density= mass÷ volume

You can see that density is directly proportional to mass and inversely proportional to volume.

In this case, you know that:

Replacing in the definition of density:

density= 909 grams÷ 71,991.296 cm³

Solving:

density= 0.012626 g/cm³

In summary, the density on the object is 0.012626 g/cm³.

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c. No, it is not enthalpy favored since the chemical system gains energy.

If the temperature of the water lowers while ammonium nitrate dissolves in it, the process is endothermic and heat is absorbed by the system.

Through the process of dissociation into its individual ions, ammonium nitrate readily dissolves in water. Because it was created from a strong acid (HF) and a weak base (NH3), this salt has an acidic character (HNO3). This reaction is extremely exothermic and it happens quickly.

A spontaneous reaction favors one that favors the creation of products in the environment in which it is taking place. A campfire that is roaring is an exothermic example of a spontaneous reaction. 

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Sodium is a chemical element hence it does not have calories. Calories refer to the unit of energy contained in food substances. Calories are always used in reference to food substances.

Sodium is one of the essential minerals in the body. It is very important in the functioning of the nervous system. However, sodium has also been linked to risks of heart failure and stroke.

Sodium is not an energy giving substance in food. It does not contain any calories because it is nothing more than just a chemical element. Only chemical compounds used as food such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins etc that have chemical bonds in them can release such energy as calories.

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A colorimeter is an instrument used to measure the amount of heat absorbed by a solution. This absorbance is proportional to the concentration of the solute in solution.

A calorimeter is a device used in calorimetry, a procedure for calculating heat capacity and measuring the heat of chemical processes or other physical changes. Among the most popular kinds are differential scanning calorimeters, isothermal micro calorimeters, titration calorimeters, and accelerated rate calorimeters. A straightforward calorimeter is basically a metal container with a thermometer positioned above a combustion chamber. It is one of the measuring tools used in the research of chemistry, biochemistry, and thermodynamics.

To calculate the enthalpy change per mole of substance A in a reaction involving two compounds A and B, the substances are individually introduced to a calorimeter and the beginning and final temperatures (before and after the reaction) are recorded. The mass and specific heat capacity of the substances multiplied by the temperature change provide a figure for the amount of energy released or absorbed during the reaction. The enthalpy change of the reaction is calculated by dividing the energy change by the quantity of A that was present.

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Option (c) 38.9 atm

Given that: Mass of CO2 (m) = 35.0 g

Temperature of the system (T) = 25 o*C or 298 KV = 500 mL or 0.5 L

To find out the pressure (P) exerted by CO2 using the ideal gas equation which is

                                                PV = nRT

                      where,

                                  P = Pressure of the system

                                  n = number of moles of gas

                                  R = Ideal Gas Constant (R = 0.0821 Latm/molK)

                                  T = Temperature of the system

                                  V = Volume of the system

Substitute the given values in the ideal gas equation,

                                  PV= 38.9g

So, the pressure exerted by 35.0 grams of carbon dioxide at a temperature of 25oC and a volume of 500. mL is approximately 38.82 atm.

Hence, option (c) 38.9 atm is the correct answer.

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The initial rate of change of the concentration of H₂O is 0.10M/s. This can be calculated through stoichiometric coefficient. Thus, the correct option is B.

The given chemical equation is: CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O

The stoichiometry of the given equation: Δ[CH₄] = -1Δ[O₂] = -2Δ[CO₂] = 1Δ[H₂O] = 2

The formula for calculating initial rate of change of the concentration is:

Initial rate of change of the concentration = 1 / stoichiometric coefficient of the species

The stoichiometric coefficient of H₂O in the given equation is 2. Thus, the initial rate of change of the concentration of H₂O is:

Initial rate of change of the concentration of H₂O (Δ[H₂O]/Δt) = 1/2 = 0.5

Since the initial rate of change of the concentration of H₂O is a positive value, the correct option is B (0.10M/s).

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Given data:H2O vapor content: 13 gramsH2O vapor capacity: 52 grams at 25 degrees Celsius 13 grams at 10∘C52 grams at 30∘CFormula used to find the dew point:$$\dfrac{13}{52}=\dfrac{(A*3\pi)/(ln100)}{(17.27-A)}$$$$\frac{1}{4}=\dfrac{(A*3\pi)/(ln100)}{(17.27-A)}$$

Where A is the constantDew Point:It is the temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor when the temperature drops to a point where dew, frost or ice forms. To solve this question, substitute the given data into the formula.$$13/52=\dfrac{(A*3\pi)/(ln100)}{(17.27-A)}$$$$13(17.27-A)=3\pi A(ln100)$$By simplifying the above expression, we get$$A^2-17.27A+64.78=0$$Using the quadratic formula, we get$$A=9.9,7.4$$

The dew point is 7.4 since it is less than 10°C.More than 100:The term "More than 100" has not been used in the question provided.

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Answer:

Sn, Q,Au, Al,Pb

Explanation:

Because thats hw that works

HOPE IT HElPS

Answer:

- A good hypothesis can be tested.

- A good hypothesis provides a possible explanation to answer a scientific question.

- A good hypothesis does not always have to be based on prior knowledge or research.

Explanation:

The reason being because hypothesis are questions asked before the experiment. They usually involve the testable question and the experiment answers it, but not always. A good hypothesis doesn't need to have accurate results.

Answer:B : A good hypothesis can be tested. C:A good hypothesis leads to a test with measurable results. E: A good hypothesis provides a possible explanation to an answer a scientific question ( B, C, E)

Explanation:Just took the (Assignment) quiz

The provided equation is not balanced, but we can balance it. The reaction given is:

NO + SO42- → NO3- + SO2

To balance this equation, we need to make sure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.

First, let's balance the nitrogen (N) atoms. We have one nitrogen atom on the left side and one on the right side. So, the nitrogen atoms are already balanced.

Next, let's balance the sulfur (S) atoms. We have one sulfur atom on the left side and one on the right side. So, the sulfur atoms are already balanced.

Now, let's balance the oxygen (O) atoms. We have four oxygen atoms on the left side and three on the right side. To balance the oxygen atoms, we can add an additional oxygen atom to the right side:

NO + SO42- → NO3- + SO2 + O2

Finally, the balanced equation for the reaction is:

NO + SO42- → NO3- + SO2 + O2

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Answer:

2NO + 4H+ + 3SO2−4 ⟶ 2NO−3 + 3SO2 + 2H2O

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the half reactions:

NO ⟶ NO−3

SO2−4 ⟶ SO2

Step 2: Balance all elements except oxygen and hydrogen (no change):

NO ⟶ NO−3

SO2−4 ⟶ SO2

Step 3: Balance oxygen atoms by adding water molecules:

NO + 2H2O ⟶ NO−3

SO2−4 ⟶ SO2 + 2H2O

Step 4: Balance hydrogen atoms by adding hydrogen ions:

NO + 2H2O ⟶ NO−3 + 4H+

4H+ + SO2−4 ⟶ SO2 + 2H2O

Step 5: Add electrons to balance the charge:

NO + 2H2O ⟶ NO−3 + 4H+ +3e−

4H+ + SO2−4 + 2e− ⟶ SO2 + 2H2O

Step 6: Multiply the two half-reactions so the number of electrons in one reaction equals the number of electrons in the other reaction:

2NO + 4H2O ⟶ 2NO−3 +8H+ + 6e−

12H+ + 3SO2−4 + 6e− ⟶ 3SO2 + 6H2O

Step 7: Add the balanced half-reactions and cancel species that appear on both sides of the equation:

2NO + 4H+ + 3SO2−4 ⟶ 2NO−3 + 3SO2 + 2H2O

Answer:

3.39 mol

Explanation:

n = m/M, where n is moles, m is mass and M is molar mass.

n = 149/44.01

n = 3.38559418314 mol

n = 3.39 mol

Hope that helps

The balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of 2,2-dimethylhexane is:

2 C₈H₁₈ + 25 O₂ → 16 CO₂ + 18 H₂O

This means that for every 1 mole of 2,2-dimethylhexane, we need 25 moles of oxygen gas to undergo complete combustion.

According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can only be converted from one form to another and cannot be generated or destroyed.

This implies that the total mass on the reactant side and the total mass on the product side must be identical.

Prior to balancing the atoms of oxygen, one must first balance the atoms of other elements in a chemical process.

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The most likely true statement about a restriction enzyme recognizing the sequence 5ʹ-gtcatgac-3ʹ and making staggered cuts is: "The restriction enzyme produces fragments with sticky ends".

When a restriction enzyme recognizes a specific DNA sequence, it cuts the DNA at or near that sequence. Staggered cuts refer to cuts made at different positions on the two DNA strands, resulting in fragments with overhanging ends. These overhanging ends are often referred to as sticky ends because they can base pair with complementary sequences.

In the given sequence 5ʹ-gtcatgac-3ʹ, the restriction enzyme would recognize and cut between the G and the T bases, resulting in staggered cuts. This would produce fragments with complementary overhangs: 5ʹ-GTCATG-3ʹ and 5ʹ-GTCA-3ʹ. These overhanging ends can then bind or anneal with complementary sequences during DNA manipulation, such as in cloning or DNA ligation reactions.

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The molecule that does not have a dipole moment and in which the central atom is sp3 hybridized will have an electron-domain are CH4 , SF4.

Now coming to the hybridization of methane, the vital atom carbon is sp3 hybridized. This is due to the fact one 2s orbital and 3 2p orbitals withinside the valence shell of carbon integrate to shape 4 sp3 hybrid orbitals which can be of same electricity and form

CH 4​ and H 2​ O each has sp 3  hybridisation however as there's no lone pair found in CH 4​  while in H 2​ O there are lone pairs found in water molecule. Therefore form of methane is tetrahedral while water molecule has bent form.

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Explanation:

c Silicon and carbon in a molecule

Answer:

12 Ethene gas, CH is completely burned in excess oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water

The equation for this exothermic reaction is shown.

CH 30, - 200, 2H,0

The table shows the bond energies involved in the reaction

bond

bond energy

(kJ/moly

614

413

C-C

CHH

0 0

СО

495

799

O-H

467

What is the total energy change in this reaction?

A-954 kJ/mol

B-1010 kJ/mol

C-1313 kJ/mol

D-1359 kJ/mol

Explanation:

thats all you said

The structure in the figure where an electron transport chain is located is the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The main function of the processes that occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane, specifically in the electron transport chain, is to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It plays a crucial role in the final stage of cellular respiration, which is the process by which cells extract energy from nutrients.

During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred through the electron transport chain from energy-rich molecules such as NADH and FADH2.

As electrons pass through the protein complexes, their energy is gradually released, and protons (H+) are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. This creates an electrochemical gradient.

The main function of this electron transport and proton pumping is to establish a proton motive force.

The gradient created by the electron transport chain drives the ATP synthase enzyme, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. This process is known as chemiosmosis.

Overall, the electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane plays a crucial role in generating ATP, the energy currency of the cell, by utilizing the energy stored in the electrons derived from the breakdown of nutrients.

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Answer: Matter changes when electrons are gained or lost.

Explanation:

The charge on an atom  changes when electrons are gained or lost during chemical changes.

An atom is defined as the smallest unit of matter which forms an element. Every form of matter whether it is  solid,liquid , gas consists of atoms . Each atom has a nucleus which is composed of protons and neutrons and shells in which the electrons revolve.

The protons are positively charged  particles and neutrons are neutral and hence the nucleus is positively charged. The electrons which revolve around the nucleus are negatively charged and hence the atom as a whole is neutral  species and stable due to presence of oppositely charged particles.

Atoms of the same element are similar as they have number of sub- atomic particles which on combination do not alter the chemical properties of the substances.

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Among the given gases, the gas that shows the greatest deviation from ideal behavior at 25 degrees Celsius and 1 atm is likely to be H2 (hydrogen).

1. Size and shape of molecules: Hydrogen gas (H2) consists of diatomic molecules that are very small in size. The size of the hydrogen molecule is relatively larger compared to other gases such as CH4 (methane), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), and O2 (oxygen). The small size of hydrogen molecules leads to a higher probability of molecular interactions and deviations from ideal behavior.

2. Intermolecular forces: Hydrogen gas has relatively weak intermolecular forces compared to other gases. Although it exhibits London dispersion forces, these forces are not as strong as the dipole-dipole interactions in molecules like SO2 and CH4 or the formation of double bonds in O2. The weaker intermolecular forces in hydrogen contribute to larger deviations from ideal behavior.

Based on the size and shape of molecules as well as the strength of intermolecular forces, hydrogen gas (H2) is expected to show the greatest deviation from ideal behavior among the given gases at 25 degrees Celsius and 1 atm.

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