The molecules that are bound to hemoglobin when hemoglobin is in the r state are O2, CO2, and 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate. Hence, the correct option is d. 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate.
The R state of hemoglobin is a form of hemoglobin that has a greater affinity for oxygen than the T state. In oxygenation, it is the hemoglobin configuration that has the maximum oxygen binding capacity. The R-state's oxygen-binding equilibrium constant is greater than the T-state's. The R-state has a higher affinity for oxygen than the T-state because it has a different conformation. Oxygen binding to hemoglobin is related to a conformational shift in hemoglobin. The R-state is distinguished by its smaller and more symmetric heme group coordination bond lengths, which are consistent with greater heme planarity. Heme iron is drawn into the porphyrin ring in the R-state and stands above it in the T-state.In conclusion, the molecules that are bound to hemoglobin when hemoglobin is in the r state are O2, CO2, and 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate.
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Skepticism is important in this scenario because it would help him to learn from the investigations of his colleagues. Ask future questions related to the investigation. Communicate his results at a conference. Ensure that his conclusion is supported by evidence.
Answer:
hello your question is incomplete below is the missing part of the question
A biochemist performs an experiment to study the behavior of water molecules near proteins. He concludes that water molecules occur in groups of five in the presence of proteins.
answer : Ensure that his conclusion is supported by evidence.
Explanation:
Skepticism during the conduction of an experiment is an act/trait that a scientist possess that will make him/her repeat an experiment for the purpose of verifying the data gotten from the previous experiment
hence the answer to the question is to Ensure that his conclusion is supported by evidence.
Stirring will A. Increase a reaction B. Decrease a reaction C. Cause no change D. Create a catalyst
When Philip analyzed unknown substance x, he found that it contained only one kind of atom what is substance x
What is marxist criticism in simple terms?
The Marxist criticism definition is an approach to diagnosing political and social problems in terms of the struggles between members of different socio-economic classes.
Drawing from this approach, criticism does not aim at the flaws of particular individuals, even if they have attained positions of power. A Marxist is someone who strongly agrees with the political, economic, and philosophical ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. If you're a Marxist, you're especially critical of capitalism.Aim is to explain the literary work more fully and this means a sensitive attention to its forms, styles and, meanings.
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At 20 degrees celcius , the vapor pressur of ethanol is 45 torr and the vapor pressure of methanol is 92 torr. What is the vapor pressure at 20 degrees celcius of a solution prepared by mixing 25 grams of methanol and 75 grams of ethanol ?
The vapor pressure of a solution prepared by mixing 25 grams of methanol and 75 grams of ethanol at 20 degrees Celsius can be calculated using Raoult's law, which states that the vapor pressure of a component in a solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction.
To calculate the vapor pressure of the solution, we need to use Raoult's law, which is expressed as:
\(P_{total}\)= \(P_A\) × \(x_A\) +\(P_B\) × \(x_B\)
Where \(P_{total}\) is the vapor pressure of the solution, \(P_A\) and \(P_B\) are the vapor pressures of the individual components (methanol and ethanol in this case), and \(x_A\) and \(x_B\) are their respective mole fractions.
First, we need to calculate the mole fractions of methanol ( \(x_A\) ) and ethanol ( \(x_B\)) in the solution. To do this, we need to convert the masses of methanol and ethanol into moles using their molar masses. The molar mass of methanol \((CH_3OH)\) is 32.04 g/mol, and the molar mass of ethanol \((C_2H_5OH)\) is 46.07 g/mol.
Moles of methanol = 25 g / 32.04 g/mol
Moles of ethanol = 75 g / 46.07 g/mol
Next, we calculate the mole fractions:
\(x_A\) = Moles of methanol / (Moles of methanol + Moles of ethanol)
\(x_B\) = Moles of ethanol / (Moles of methanol + Moles of ethanol)
Now that we have the mole fractions, we can substitute them into Raoult's law to calculate the vapor pressure of the solution:
\(P_{total}\) = 92 torr × \(x_A\) + 45 torr × \(x_B\)
Substituting the calculated values of \(x_A\) and \(x_B\) will give us the vapor pressure of the solution at 20 degrees Celsius.
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calculate the molar mass of potassium chloride, kcl.
The molar mass of potassium chloride (KCl) is 74.55 g/mol.
To calculate the molar mass of potassium chloride (KCl), we need to add up the atomic masses of each element in the compound. The atomic mass of potassium (K) is 39.10 g/mol, and the atomic mass of chlorine (Cl) is 35.45 g/mol.So, the molar mass of KCl can be calculated as:
Molar mass of KCl = (Atomic mass of K) + (Atomic mass of Cl)
= 39.10 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol
= 74.55 g/mol
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). One mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number (6.022x \(10^23\)) of particles, whether they are atoms, molecules, or ions.
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Determine the number of valence electrons for each of the atoms. Enter each answer as a numeral. For example, if an atom has two valence electrons, enter the number 2.
B:
Al:
Cl:
Ne:
The number of valence electrons in each of the atoms are;
B - 3
Al - 3
Cl - 7
Ne - 8
What is an atom?We define an atom as the smallest part of a substance that can take part in a chemical reaction. We know that when we begin to break down the elements that the atoms can be found in the element and there are sub atomic particles that can also be found inside the atom of the element.
The electrons that are found at the last shell or the outermost shell of the atom are the ones that we call the valence electrons that can be found in the atom.
The electronic configuration of boron is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^1\) (the n =2 level is the valence shell)
The electronic configuration of Al is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^1\)( the n= 3level is the valence shell)
The electron configuration of Cl is \(1s^2 2s^2 sp^6 3s^23p^5\) ( the n= 3level is the valence shell)
The electron configuration of Ne is \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^6\) (the n =2 level is the valence shell)
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what is the percent composition of nitrogen in sodium nitride (nan3)?
The percent composition of nitrogen in sodium nitride is approximately 16.87%.
How to find the percentage compositionThe percent composition of nitrogen in sodium nitride (Na₃N) can be calculated by determining the molar mass of nitrogen and the molar mass of the compound as a whole.
molar mass
molar mass of nitrogen = 14.01 grams
molar mass of sodium nitride = (3 * molar mass of Na) + (1 * molar mass of N)
molar mass of sodium nitride = (3 * 22.99 g/mol) + (1 * 14.01 g/mol)
molar mass of sodium nitride = 82.98 g/mol
percent composition of nitrogen
Percent composition of nitrogen = (molar mass of N / molar mass of Na₃N) * 100
Percent composition of nitrogen = (14.01 g/mol / 82.98 g/mol) * 100
Percent composition of nitrogen = 16.87%
Therefore, the percent composition of nitrogen in sodium nitride is approximately 16.86%.
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A molecule with all bonding pairs and no lone pairs will:
A. Not conduct electricity
B. Have a simple structure
C. Have a giant structure
D. Conduct electricity
A molecule with all bonding pairs and no lone pairs will have a simple structure.(Option B)
What is a lone pair?A lone pair in a molecule refers to electrons that are not involved in bonding are associated with only one nucleus. These electrons can be involved in coordinate bonding.
A molecule with all bonding pairs and no lone pairs will have a simple structure.
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Which of the following prevent watershed pollution?
options:
A: cutting down trees
B: flushing the toilet
C: picking up litter and pet waste
D: using a broom instead of a hose to clean sidewalks
Choose all that apply
Everyday, save water. Reduce the length of your showers, patch any leaks, and switch off the flow when you're not using it. Instead of disposing of hazardous household chemicals into the drain, transport them to the a hazardous waste facility. Use resilient plants in your yard that require little to no watering, fertilizer, or pesticides.
What three categories do pesticides fall under?Arthropods, including insects, are killed by insecticides. Mites can feed on both plants and animals are eliminated with miticides, also known as acaricides. Microorganisms known as microbial pesticides can kill, prevent, or outcompete pests like insects or even other microorganism pests.
Do pesticides harm people?Pesticides can have both acute, or short-term, negative health impacts, and chronic, or long-term, consequences, which can develop years or months after exposure. Examples of immediate health consequences include eye stinging, blisters, rashes, blindness, nausea, lightheadedness, diarrhea, and even death.
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Answer: The answer is : using a broom, and picking up litter and pet waste.
Explanation: I just took the test and got a 100%,! that was my answer.
he long run equilibrium condition for perfect competition is:
a. P=AVC=MR=MC.
b. Q=AVC=MR=MC.
c. Q=ATC=MR=MC.
d. P=ATC=MR=MC.
Option (d), P=ATC=MR=MC, accurately represents the long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition, reflecting the balance between price and cost for firms operating in a competitive market.
The long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition is that price (P) is equal to average total cost (ATC), which is also equal to marginal cost (MC), and marginal revenue (MR).
Option (d), P=ATC=MR=MC, best represents the long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition. In perfect competition, firms operate at the minimum point of their average total cost curve, where price equals both average total cost and marginal cost. This condition ensures that firms are earning zero economic profit and are producing at an efficient level.
In the long run, if firms are earning economic profit, new firms will enter the market, increasing competition and driving prices down. Conversely, if firms are experiencing losses, some firms may exit the market, reducing competition and causing prices to rise. This process continues until firms reach a state where price equals average total cost, marginal cost, and marginal revenue, ensuring a long-run equilibrium.
Therefore, option (d), P=ATC=MR=MC, accurately represents the long-run equilibrium condition for perfect competition, reflecting the balance between price and cost for firms operating in a competitive market.
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Stem cells can differentiate into how many types of body cells?
What mass of kcl in grams must be added to 500 ml of a 0. 15 m kcl solution to produce a 0. 40 m solution.
91.4 grams
91.4 grams of kcl in grams must be added to 500 ml of a 0. 15 m kcl solution to produce a 0. 40 m solution.
C = mol/volume
2.45M=mol/0.5L
2.45M⋅0.5L = mol
mol = 1.225
Convert no. of moles to grams using the atomic mass of K + Cl
1.225mol * \(\frac{39.1+35.5}{mol}\)
mol=1.225
=1.225 mol . \(\frac{74.6g}{mol}\)
=1.225 . 74.6
=91.4g
therefore, 91.4 grams of kcl in grams must be added to 500 ml of a 0. 15 m kcl solution to produce a 0. 40 m solution.
What is 1 molar solution?
In order to create a 1 molar (M) solution, 1.0 Gram Molecular Weight of the chemical must be dissolved in 1 liter of water.
58.44 g make up a 1M solution of NaCl.
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The heat transferred when 4.5 grams of Carbon reacts with H2O is approximately 42.38 kJ. Therefore, the correct option is 42 kJ absorbed.
Option B.
Given reaction is as follows: C(s) + H2O(g) + 113 kJ → CO(g) + H2(g)To find the amount of heat transferred when 4.5 grams of Carbon reacts with H2O, we have to first find the amount of moles of Carbon present. The molar mass of Carbon is 12 g/mol. Therefore, the amount of moles of Carbon can be calculated as follows:mass of carbon/molar mass of carbon=4.5 g/12 g/mol=0.375 molNow, to find the amount of heat transferred, we use the equation, q = n∆Hwhere q is the heat transferred, n is the amount of moles of Carbon present, and ∆H is the enthalpy change for the given reaction. ∆H is given in the equation as 113 kJ.To find the sign of ∆H, we look at the reactants and products. In the given reaction, Carbon reacts with H2O to form CO and H2. Since Carbon and H2O are reactants and CO and H2 are products, this reaction is an endothermic reaction. Hence, the value of ∆H is positive.∆H = 113 kJ/molNow, substituting the values in the equation, q = n∆Hq = 0.375 mol × 113 kJ/molq = 42.38 kJ (approx)
Option B.
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According to the rules covered in this class, which of the following ionic compounds is named incorrectly?
cobalt(II) oxide
nickel(II) sulfide
copper(II) selenide
zinc(II) telluride
All of these names are correct.
Answer: is copper(ll)selenide
Explanation:
is copper (ll)selenide
i hope this help
(c) (0.5 pts) assign each reaction (the one under standard conditions and the one in yeast mitochondria) as being exergonic or endergonic. explain your reasoning
In summary, the reaction under standard conditions is exergonic as it releases energy, while the reaction in yeast mitochondria is endergonic as it requires energy for the reaction to proceed.
In order to determine whether a reaction is exergonic or endergonic, we need to understand the concepts of energy release and energy absorption. An exergonic reaction releases energy, while an endergonic reaction requires or absorbs energy.
The reaction under standard conditions can be considered exergonic because it occurs spontaneously and releases energy. Standard conditions typically refer to reactions at a constant temperature of 25 degrees Celsius, a pressure of 1 atmosphere, and reactants and products at standard concentrations.
On the other hand, the reaction occurring in yeast mitochondria is endergonic. This is because the mitochondria require energy to convert reactants into products. In this case, the reactants need to be coupled with an input of energy, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to proceed towards the formation of products.
In summary, the reaction under standard conditions is exergonic as it releases energy, while the reaction in yeast mitochondria is endergonic as it requires energy for the reaction to proceed.
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The air mass over the northwest part of Texas is an area of ____________________; therefore, the weather associated with it is ______________________. Which words complete the sentence above?
A.) Low pressure ; stormy
B.) Low pressure ; clear
C.) High pressure ; stormy
D.) High pressure ; clear
Answer:
Low pressure ; stormy
Explanation:
GTPgS is a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP. Suppose this compound were added to a cell-free system containing active components of an adrenergic signaling system. What consequences would you expect? What would be the effects on cAMP levels?
GTPgS is a nonhydrolyzable analog of GTP, which means it cannot be broken down by the cell's enzymes. When added to a cell-free system containing active components of an adrenergic signaling system, it can act as a substitute for GTP in the signaling pathway. This means that it can activate downstream effectors that would normally be activated by GTP, even in the absence of receptor activation.
In terms of cAMP levels, GTPgS can activate adenylyl cyclase, which is responsible for producing cAMP. When GTPgS activates adenylyl cyclase, it can cause an increase in cAMP levels, even without receptor activation. However, the magnitude of this increase may be smaller than that seen with full receptor activation.
Overall, the addition of GTPgS to a cell-free system containing active components of an adrenergic signaling system can result in activation of downstream effectors and an increase in cAMP levels. However, the effects may be different than those seen with full receptor activation, and the magnitude of the response may be smaller.
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How many moles of carbon are in 5.0 mol of quinine'? Constants | Periodic Table Express your answer using two significant figures Quinine, C20 H24N2O2, is a component of tonic water and bitter lemon mol Submit Previous Answers Request Answer Incorrect; Try Again; 5 attempts remaining; no points deducted Part C How many moles of nitrogen are in 2.5x10-2 mol of quinine? Express your answer using two significant figures mol Submit Request Answer K Return to Assignment Provide Feedback
There are 5.0 moles of carbon in 5.0 moles of quinine. This can be calculated using the molecular formula C20H24N2O2, which indicates that quinine contains 20 moles of carbon atoms per mole of quinine. 5.0 moles of quinine contain 5.0 x 20 = 100 moles of carbon atoms, rounded to two significant figures, which is 5.0 moles.
Similarly, there are 2.5x10-2 moles of nitrogen in 2.5x10-2 moles of quinine. This can be calculated using the molecular formula C20H24N2O2, which indicates that quinine contains 24 moles of nitrogen atoms per mole of quinine.
Therefore, 2.5x10-2 moles of quinine contain 2.5x10-2 x 24 = 0.6 moles of nitrogen atoms, rounded to two significant figures, which is 0.6 moles.
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It's actually Science but I didn't find it.
Word Bank: friction, gravity, equal, motion, balanced, unbalanced, change, changing, direction speed
Forces acting on an object are balanced or unbalanced. Forces acting on an object have _____ strength and act in opposite directions they are ______ . These forces cancel each other, and _____ of the object does not _____ . When the Forces acting on an object are, _____ they do not cancel out another. An unbalanced force on an object results on the object's motion _____ . The object may change its _____ (speed up or slow down), or it may change its _____ . _______ is a force that resists the motion or the tendency toward motion between two objects in contact with each other. _____ is a force that pulls objects toward one another. For example, Earth pulls all objects toward it.
Someone please help me
Answer:
Forces acting on an object may be balanced or unbalanced. When the forces acting on an object have equal strength and act in opposite directions, they are balanced. These forces cancel out one another, and the motion of the object does not change. When the forces acting on an object are unbalanced, they do not cancel out one another. An unbalanced force acting on an object results in the object’s motion changing. The object may change its speed (speed up or slow down), or it may change its direction. Friction is a force that resists the motion or the tendency toward motion between two objects in contact with each other. Gravity is a force that pulls objects toward one another. For example, Earth pulls all objects toward it.
Explanation:
Why might an organism have more than one arrow coming from them in the food web
Can someone help me with my stoichiometry homework, it is due tonight.
Answer:
1. 1 mole of NaCl.
2. 1 mole of H₂O.
Explanation:
The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:
HCl + NaOH —> NaCl + H₂O
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of HCl reacted with 1 mole of NaOH to produce 1 mole of NaCl and 1 mole of H₂O.
Next, we shall determine the limiting reactant. This can be obtained as follow:
From the balanced equation above, we can see that 1 mole of HCl reacted completely with 1 mole of NaOH. Therefore, HCl is the limiting reactant and NaOH is the excess reactant since we have 3.6 moles of NaOH.
1. Determination of the amount of NaCl produced from the reaction.
NOTE: The limiting reactant is used to determine the maximum amount produced since all of it is consumed in the reaction.
The limiting reactant is HCl and the amount of NaCl produced can be obtained as follow:
From the balanced equation above, we can see that 1 mole of HCl reacted to 1 mole of NaCl.
Thus, 1 mole of NaCl was produced.
2. Determination of the amount of H₂O produced from the reaction.
From the balanced equation above, it is evident that 1 mole of HCl reacted to produce 1 mole of H₂O.
Thus, 1 mole of H₂O was produced.
How many moles are in 15g of Potassium?
How many grams are in 2.4 moles of Oxygen?
How many moles are in 22g of Krypton?
How many grams are in 11.9 moles of Magnesium?
How many moles are in 9.8 grams of Barium?
How many grams are in 238 moles of Copper?
Please help this is due today and may god bless you
Explanation:
15g•1mole/39.09g= 0.38 moles
First you multiply 15gmole goes on top because it is the thing that you want to getlook on the periodic table to kind potassium. find it's molar mass.that will go on the bottom. complete the equation and get your answer.if you want to get grams instead of moles just switch the equation.
What kind of animal is more likely to have taste buds for umami flavors, a carnivore or an herbivore? Explain.
A. A carnivore is more likely to have taste buds for umami flavors because herbivores do not have taste buds. Herbivores rely on their sense of smell which their brains interpret as taste and smell at once.
B. A carnivore is more likely to have taste buds for umami flavors so it can taste the flavors of meat, while a herbivore is less likely because plants do not generally have umami flavors.
C. An herbivore is more likely to have taste buds for umami flavors so it can taste the flavors of plants, while a carnivore is less likely because meats do not generally have umami flavors.
D. An herbivore is more likely to have taste buds for umami flavors because carnivores do not have taste buds. Carnivores rely on their sense of smell which their brains interpret as taste and smell at once.
it is c because canivores eat only meat while herbivores eat only plants so it is most likely a herbivore because it knows flavours that are good for it
A carnivore is more likely to have taste buds for umami flavors so it can taste the flavors of meat, while a herbivore is less likely because plants do not generally have umami flavors. Hence, option B is correct.
What is umami flavor ?One of the five fundamental flavors is umami. It has been characterized as savory and is present in cooked meats and broths. Glutamates and nucleotides, which are plentiful in meat broths and fermented foods, trigger the taste receptors that allow us to detect umami.
Meats, shellfish, fish (including fish sauce and preserved fish like maldive fish, Katsuobushi, sardines, and anchovies), tomatoes, mushrooms, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, meat extract, yeast extract, and cheeses are examples of foods with a strong umami flavor.
Carnivores are eating meat while herbivores are plant eaters. Hence, slight chance for herbivores to taste the umami flavor. Therefore, option B is correct.
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Diethyl ether has a vapor pressure of 400. 0 torr at 18°c. When a sample of benzoic acid is dissolved in ether, the vapor pressure of the solution is 342 torr. What is the mole fraction of benzoic acid in the solution?.
The mole fraction of benzoic acid in the solution is 0.855.
What is benzoic acid?
Benzoic acid is a white solid which is a carboxylic acid based on benzene.
The vapor pressure of the benzoic acid solution and the mole fraction of the solute are directly proportional to each other i.e.
Pt = x P°s
Here t = total pressure
s = solvent
Given:
Vapor pressure of diethyl ether = 400.0 torr
Vapor pressure of the solution = 342 torr
Now substituting the values in the formula
342 = x 400
= 342 / 400
= 0.855
Thus, the mole fraction of benzoic acid is 0.855
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you buy 300mL of soda that weighs 60g. What is the sodas density?
Answer:
20g/cm³
Explanation:
density= mass÷volume
m= 60g÷3cm³
= 20g/cm³
suppose that the hydronium ion concentration of an aqueous solution at 25∘c is 8.0×10−10 m. what is the hydroxide ion concentration of the solution?
The hydroxide ion concentration of the solution is 1.25×10⁻⁵ M.
A more detailed explanation of the answer.To find the hydroxide ion concentration of the solution, you need to use the ion product constant for water (Kw) at 25°C.
1. The ion product constant for water (Kw) at 25°C is 1.0×10⁻¹⁴.
2. Kw = [H3O+][OH-], where [H3O+] represents the hydronium ion concentration, and [OH-] represents the hydroxide ion concentration.
3. Given the hydronium ion concentration [H3O+] = 8.0×10⁻¹⁰ M, we need to find the hydroxide ion concentration [OH-].
4. Rearrange the equation to find [OH-]: [OH-] = Kw / [H3O+]
5. Substitute the values: [OH-] = (1.0×10⁻¹⁴) / (8.0×10⁻¹⁰)
6. Calculate the hydroxide ion concentration: [OH-] = 1.25×10⁻⁵ M
The hydroxide ion concentration of the solution is 1.25×10⁻⁵ M.
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PLS HELP ASAP!!!!!! WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!!!!!!!!!!
Write a summary paragraph for each part discussing this experiment and the results. Use the following questions and topics to help guide the content of your paragraph. Part 1 What was your hypothesis? According to your data, do you think your hypothesis was correct? (Be sure to refer to your data when answering this question.) Summarize any difficulties or problems you had in performing the experiment that might have affected the results. Describe how you might change the procedure to avoid these problems. Be sure to submit your data along with your paragraph. Part 2 What effect did the temperature have on the viscosity of the honey? (Be sure to refer to your data when answering this question.) Give at least two practical examples where knowledge of viscosity is important.
Answer:
Explanation:
Dang which subject is this history or science
A plane flew for 2 hours at 467 mph (mile per hour)and 5 hours at 536 mph. How far did the plane fly miles?
Answer:
the plane flew 3614 miles
Answer:
the plane flew 3614 miles
Explanation:
I HOPE THIS HELPS
g in each of the following sets, which atom or ion has a). the smallest ionization energy, b). electron affinity? a. cs, ba, la b. zn, ga, ge c. in, p, ar d. tl, sn, as
a) In the given set of the atom, the atom which has the smallest ionization energy is Cs and the atom which has the smallest electron affinity is Cs.
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove valence electron from the outermost shell. Ionization energy is going to increase from left to right as electron is added in the same shell and the nuclear charge is increased. The outermost electron is strongly bounded to the nucleus as we goes from left to the right. Hence, Cs has lowest ionization energy, followed by Ba and La.
Electron affinity is defined as the change in potential energy when an atom is added to neutral atom to form negative ion. Electron affinity is increased from left to right in the periodic table as nuclear attraction is increased. Hence, Cs has less electron affinity, followed by Ba and La.
b) In the given set of the atom, the atom which has the smallest ionization energy is Zn and the atom which has the smallest electron affinity is Zn.
Ionization energy is the energy required to remove valence electron from the outermost shell. Ionization energy is going to increase from left to right as electron is added in the same shell and the nuclear charge is increased. The outermost electron is strongly bounded to the nucleus as we goes from left to the right. Hence, Zn has lowest ionization energy, followed by Ga and Ge.
Electron affinity is defined as the change in potential energy when an atom is added to neutral atom to form negative ion. Electron affinity is increased from left to right in the periodic table as nuclear attraction is increased. Hence, Zn has less electron affinity, followed by Ga and Ge.
c) In the given set of the atom, the atom which has the smallest ionization energy is In and the atom which has the smallest electron affinity is In.
When we goes down the group, the ionization energy is decreased because distance between outer electron and nucleus is increased. Hence, it requires less energy to remove valence electron and In requires less energy to remove electron, followed by P and Ar.
Electron affinity also decreases down the group as electron is goes away from the nucleus. Hence, In has smallest electron affinity, followed by P and Ar.
d) In the given set of the atom, the atom which has the smallest ionization energy is Tl and the atom which has the smallest electron affinity is Tl.
When we goes down the group, the ionization energy is decreased because distance between outer electron and nucleus is increased. Hence, it requires less energy to remove valence electron and Tl requires less energy to remove electron, followed by Sn and As.
Electron affinity also decreases down the group as electron is goes away from the nucleus. Hence, Tl has smallest electron affinity, followed by Sn and As.
Therefore, Cs, Zn, In and Tl has smallest ionization energy and electron affinity.
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