which of the following elements has a higher effective nuclear charge than zinc? a.rubidium b.calcium c.selenium d.beryllium e.boron

To forecast the morphologies of molecules, scientists employ the valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory.

Dalton proposed that the idea of atoms could be utilized to explain the principles of mass conservation and definite proportions. The tiniest, indivisible components that make up all matter, according to him, are atoms, which he described as "solid, massy, hard, impenetrable, moving particle(s)".

The valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) hypothesis is a model that forecasts 3-D molecular geometry based on the quantity of valence shell electron bond pairs between atoms in a molecule or ion.

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Answer:

A reaction rate is generally the speed (or rate) at which a chemical reaction takes place. It is usually expressed in terms of volume or a unit of time.

Answer:

the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place

Answer:

Conduction is between solids, convention is between liquid and radiation between the sun and a body on the earth

Answer:

In conduction, heat transfer takes place between objects by direct contact. In convection, the heat transfer takes within the fluid. In radiation, heat transfer occurs through electromagnetic waves without involving particles. ... The heat transfer occurs through a heated solid object.

Explanation:

The correct conversion factor when converting from moles to liters is the molar volume at a given temperature and pressure.

This value is dependent on the ideal gas law and can be determined using the ideal gas equation PV = nRT, where P represents pressure, V represents volume, n represents the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

The molar volume of an ideal gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and 1 atmosphere (101.3 kilopascals), is approximately 22.4 liters per mole.

Therefore, to convert moles to liters, you can multiply the number of moles by the molar volume at STP, which gives you the volume in liters.

It's important to note that the molar volume is an approximation and assumes ideal gas behavior.

Additionally, if you are working with gases at different temperatures and pressures, you would need to use the appropriate molar volume value corresponding to the given conditions.

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Based on the information provided, we have a reaction between hydrogen iodide (HI) gas and hydrogen gas (H₂) to form iodine gas (I₂). The equilibrium is represented by the equation:

2HI(g) = H₂(g) + I₂(g)

The concentration values given in the table correspond to the concentrations of H₂ and HI at different times.

a) From t=0 s to t=5 s: Without the specific graph mentioned in Figure 7.10, it is difficult to provide a precise explanation of the physical situation in the container during this time period. However, based on the equilibrium reaction given, we can make some general observations. At the start (t=0 s), the concentrations of H₂ and HI may be high. As time progresses, the reaction proceeds, and the concentrations of H₂ and HI may decrease while the concentration of I₂ increases. The specific behavior will depend on the rate of the forward and reverse reactions.

b) External factor altered at t=5 s: To bring about a change in the shape of the graph at t=5 s, some external factor must have been altered. The most likely factor is the total pressure within the container. Since the reaction involves gases, changes in pressure can affect the equilibrium position. However, according to the information given, a change in pressure will not affect equilibrium in this case since the number of moles of gas is the same on both sides of the equation. Therefore, if the shape of the graph changes at t=5 s, some other external factor, such as temperature or the addition of a catalyst, must have been altered.

c) Calculation of K at t=3 s: The equilibrium constant (K) can be calculated at any given time using the concentrations of the reactants and products. However, the concentrations of H₂ and HI at t=3 s are not provided in the information given. Without the necessary data, it is not possible to calculate K at t=3 s.

Lastly, the statement "1 dm³ COCI, decomposes" seems incomplete. If you provide additional information or clarify the question, I'll be happy to assist you further.

Answer:

The measurement of the mass of nuclei has revealed that the mass of the constituent protons and neutrons is more than the mass of the nucleus

Explanation:

Hope this helps ya have a nice day

Each person should choose 6 items from Column A and 4 items from Column B, ensuring that everyone orders the same number of items from each column. Option B

To divide the items evenly among four people while ensuring that each person orders the same number of items from each column, we need to find the common divisor of the number of items in each column.

Column A has 24 items, and Column B has 16 items. The common divisor of 24 and 16 is 8. Therefore, each person should choose 8 items.

Since there are 24 items in Column A, and each person needs to choose 8 items, the answer is 24 divided by 8, which equals 3. Each person should choose 3 items from Column A.

Similarly, since there are 16 items in Column B, and each person needs to choose 8 items, the answer is 16 divided by 8, which equals 2. Each person should choose 2 items from Column B.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

B) 6 from A, 4 from B

Each person should choose 6 items from Column A and 4 items from Column B, ensuring that everyone orders the same number of items from each column.

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Answer: Oxidation is gain of electrons so charge goes down. Ni2+ goes to Ni0 so Ni2+ is answer

Explanation:

The solution is different from the original water being that the solution turns phenolphthalein pink (option B).

A base is any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, having bitter taste, that turn red litmus blue, and react with acids to form salts.

A base is known to contain excessive amounts of hydroxide ions (OH-), which it releases in an aqueous solution.

Phenolphthalein is an indicator solution that appears colourless, however, when it is exposed to alkaline solution it turns pink.

This suggests that a basic solution turns phenolphthalein solution pink.

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Answer:

2.17x10⁻¹⁰ = Kb1

1.69x10⁻¹³ = Kb2

Explanation:

Oxalic acid, C₂O₄H₂, has two intercambiable protons, its equilibriums are:

C₂O₄H₂ ⇄ C₂O₄H⁻ + H⁺ Ka1 = 5.9x10⁻²

C₂O₄H⁻ ⇄ C₂O₄²⁻ + H⁺ Ka2 = 4.6x10⁻⁵

Oxalate ion, C₂O₄²⁻, has as equilibriums:

C₂O₄²⁻ + H₂O ⇄ C₂O₄H⁻ + OH⁻ Kb1

C₂O₄H⁻ + H₂O ⇄ C₂O₄H₂ + OH⁻ Kb2

Also, you can know: KaₓKb = Kw

Where Kw is 1x10⁻¹⁴

Thus:

Kw = Kb2ₓKa1

1x10⁻¹⁴ =Kb2ₓ4.6x10⁻⁵

And:

Kw = Kb1ₓKa2

1x10⁻¹⁴ =Kb1ₓ5.9x10⁻²

That is because the inverse reaction of, for example, Ka1:

C₂O₄H⁻ + H⁺ ⇄ C₂O₄H₂ K = 1 / Ka1

+ H₂O ⇄ H⁺ + OH⁻ K = Kw = 1x10⁻¹⁴

=

C₂O₄H⁻ + H₂O ⇄ C₂O₄H₂ + OH⁻ Kb2 = Kw × 1/Ka1

The mass of the asteroid is C. 1.2 x \(10^{12}\) Kg

To find the mass of the other asteroid, we can rearrange the equation for the gravitational force between two objects:

F = (G * m1 * m2) / \(r^{2}\)

where F is the force of gravity, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two asteroids, and r is the distance between them.

Given that the distance between the asteroids is 75000 m, the force of gravity between them is 1.14 N, and one asteroid has a mass of 8 x \(10^{7}\) kg, we can substitute these values into the equation and solve for the mass of the other asteroid (m2):

1.14 N = (6.67430 × \(10^{-11}\) N \(m^{2}\)/\(Kg^{2}\) * 8 x \(10^{7}\) kg * \(m2\)) / \((75000 m)^{2}\)

Simplifying and solving the equation, we find that the mass of the other asteroid (m2) is approximately 1.2 x \(10^{12}\) kg. Therefore, Option C is correct.

The question was incomplete. find the full content below:

Two asteroids are 75000 m apart one has a mass of 8 x \(10^{7}\) kg if the force of gravity between them is 1.14 what is the mass of the asteroid

A. 3.4 x \(10^{11}\) kg

B. 8.3 x \(10^{12}\) kg

C. 1.2 x \(10^{12}\) kg

D. 1.2 x \(10^{10}\) kg

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The following equations correctly represents the balanced,spontaneous, cell reaction is option B. I2(s) + Zn(s)---> 2I-(aq) +Zn2+(aq).

The spontaneous cell reaction in a galvanic cell is led by a reduction reaction at the right electrode and a reduction reaction at the left electrode. Oxidation reaction at the left electrode reduction reaction at the right electrode. According to the second law of thermodynamics, all spontaneous processes must increase the entropy of the universe.

The reaction that produces the current in the galvanic cell is spontaneous. In a full-solution galvanic cell, the standard electrode potential for a redox reaction becomes more positive as the reaction proceeds forward in the galvanic cell. This is known as the spontaneous process of the galvanic cell. Reactions with negative values release free energy and are therefore spontaneous. Reactions with positive are not spontaneous and do not favor products.

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Answer:

The Answer will be provided below, please pay attention in class next time so that you don't have to be in a hurry like you are in now.

Explanation: The correct option is:

Both fossil fuels and wind energy can be used to produce electricity. However, burning fossil fuels does pollute the atmosphere, while using Earth's wind does not. Both fossil fuels and wind energy contribute to climate change, but the use of fossil fuels is much more damaging to the environment than the use of wind power.

Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that are formed over millions of years by the decomposition of organic matter. They release harmful greenhouse gases when burned, contributing to climate change. In contrast, wind energy is a renewable source of energy that uses turbines to harvest the power of wind. Wind energy does not produce any emissions, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. While wind turbines can have some impacts on wildlife and habitats, the impact is much less severe than the effects of fossil fuel extraction and burning.

Added Part: Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy that are derived from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago. These sources include coal, oil, and natural gas. Wind energy, on the other hand, is a renewable source of energy that is generated by the kinetic energy of wind.

Here are some comparisons between fossil fuels and wind energy:

Environmental Impact: Fossil fuels have a significant negative impact on the environment. Burning fossil fuels produces greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. The extraction of fossil fuels also has negative impacts on the air, water, and soil. Wind energy, however, has a very small environmental footprint. Wind turbines do not produce any emissions and do not require any water to generate electricity.

Energy Availability: Fossil fuels are abundant and have been the primary source of energy for decades. On the other hand, wind energy is a relatively new source of energy and the technology is still developing. However, the availability of wind energy is significant, as wind is a renewable source that is constantly available.

Sustainability: Fossil fuels are non-renewable, which means they will eventually run out. As the demand for energy continues to increase, the availability of fossil fuels will decrease. Wind energy is a renewable source of energy that will never run out.

Here are some pros and cons of both fossil fuels and wind energy:

Fossil Fuels:

Pros:

Reliable source of energy

High energy density

Large global infrastructure

Cons:

Non-renewable source of energy

Significant environmental impact

Price instability

Wind Energy:

Pros:

Renewable source of energy

Small environmental footprint

Low operating costs

Cons:

High initial costs for building wind turbines

Wind is an inconsistent source of energy

Can create noise pollution for surrounding communities

The number of moles of CO2 produced is 0.021 moles

If the estimated volume of the balloon is wrong then the amount of glucose reacted must be more than is stated.

The respiration equation represents the chemical process of aerobic cellular respiration, which occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is the primary way in which cells generate energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

The equation of the reaction is;

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

We know that;

Number of moles of glucose = 10 g/180 g/mol

= 0.056 moles

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT

n = 1 * 0.55/318 * 0.082

n = 0.021

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Answer:

Explanation:

From the information given :

we can understand the solute is glucose and the solvent is water,

So, the weight of glucose = 20.23 g

the molecular weight of glucose = 180.2 g/mol

weight of water = 95. 75 g

the molecular weight of water = 18.02 g/mol

pure vapor pressure of water \(P_A = 26.7 \ mmHg\) at 27°C

moles of glucose = weight of glucose/ molecular weight of glucose

= 20.23/180.2

= 0.11 mole

moles of water =  weight of water / molecular weight of water

= 95.75/18.02

= 5.31 mole

mole fraction of glucose \(X_{glucose} =\) (moles of glucose)/(moles of glucose+ moles of water)

\(X_{glucose} =\) 0.11/(0.11 + 5.31)

\(X_{glucose} =\)  0.0203

mole fraction of glucose \(X_{water} =\) (moles of water)/(moles of water+ moles of glucose)

\(X_{water} =\) 5.31/ (5.31 + 0.11)

\(X_{water} =\)  0.9797

Using Raoult's Law:

\(P_S = P^0_A \times X_A \ \ \ OR \ \ \ P_A = P^0_A \times X_A\)

where:

\(P_S\) = vapor pressure of the solution

\(P_A\) = total vapor pressure of the solution

\(P^0_A\)= vapor pressure of the solvent in the pure state

\(X_A\) = mole fraction of solvent i.e. water

\(P_A =\) 95.75 ×  0.9797

\(P_A =\)  93.81 mmHg

the total vapor pressure of the solution = 93.81 mmHg

The freezing point of the silver nitrate solution is - 12.6 degrees Celsius.

We know that freezing point is a colligative property. This implies that it depends on the amount of the substance that is present . We should also know that when we dissolve the  silver nitrate in water, the particles of the substance would decrease the freezing point of the water.

Freezing point of water = 0 degrees Celsius

Molality of the solution = 3.40 m

Freezing constant of water =  1.86∘C/m

We now have;

ΔT = K m i

ΔT =  1.86∘C/m *  3.40 m * 2

ΔT = 12.6 degrees

Temperature of the solution = 0 - 12.6 = - 12.6 degrees Celsius

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

one clue is the double bond at 4 carbon c=c

The correct structure that corresponds to the name.

3-bromo-6-methyl-4-octene is   \($\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHBrCH}=\mathrm{CHCH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$\) .

The molecule in which bromine is attached with C-3 carbon and double present at C-4 carbon containing total number of 8 carbon atom can be considered as 3-bromo-6-methyl-4-octene.

A chemist specifies the molecular geometry and, where possible and required, the electronic structure of such given molecule as well as other solid during a chemical structure determination.

It can be seen that in molecule \($\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHBrCH}=\mathrm{CHCH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$\) bromine is attached with C-3 carbona and double bond exist at C-4 carbon. the total number of carbon atom is 8.

therefore, the structure of the compound will be \($\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CHBrCH}=\mathrm{CHCH}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}$\).

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Answer:

I d o nt have the 254 415 5405

B. Hydrogen bonding with polar molecules is the  inter molecular interactions will water participate commonly with polar molecules.

Polarity causes the water molecules to attract each other. Water is polar despite possessing a zero net charge because of the structure of its molecules. The molecule's hydrogen ends are positive, and its oxygen ends are negative. Water molecules are attracted to other polar molecules and to one another as a result.

The polarity of water enables hydrogen bonds to form whenever adjacent water molecules are drawn to each other by their opposing charges. Other polar molecules and ions, such as many biomolecules including sugars, nucleic acids, and certain amino acids, are also attracted to or attracted by water.

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Answer:

C. The energy released as the bonds in the reactants are broken is greater than the energy absorbed as the bonds in the product are formed.

Explanation:

As ΔH is negative, the given reaction is exothermic.

That means that the enthalpy of the product is less than the enthalpy of the reactants. In other words, part of the energy from the reactants is used to form new bonds (between C and H, for example), while the other part is transfered outside the system as heat.

Thus the correct answer is C.

Answer:

3.8 ⋅*10^-14

Explanation:

The standard free energy change (ΔG°) for the reaction at 298 K can be calculated using the following equation:

ΔG° = ΣnΔGf°(products) - ΣnΔGf°(reactants)

where ΔGf° is the standard molar free energy of formation of the species and n is the stoichiometric coefficient.

ΔG° = [1×ΔGf°(Fe2O3)] - [1×ΔGf°(FeO) + 1×ΔGf°(Fe) + 1×ΔGf°(O2)]

ΔG° = [1×(-822.16 kJ/mol)] - [1×(-271.9 kJ/mol) + 1×(0 kJ/mol) + 1×(0 kJ/mol)]

ΔG° = -550.26 kJ/mol

The standard enthalpy change (ΔH°) and standard entropy change (ΔS°) can be used to calculate the standard free energy change (ΔG°) at any temperature using the following equation:

ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS°

where T is the temperature in Kelvin.

ΔG° = ΔH° - TΔS° = (-550.26 kJ/mol) - (298 K)(-0.08996 kJ/K/mol) = -524.05 kJ/mol

Now, we can calculate the equilibrium constant (K) for the reaction at 298 K using the following equation:

ΔG° = -RTlnK

where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/K/mol) and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

-524.05 kJ/mol = -(8.314 J/K/mol)(298 K)lnK

lnK = -200.16

K = e^(-200.16) = 3.89×10^(-87)

Therefore, the value of K for the reaction at 25 °C is 3.89×10^(-87). Answer: 3.8 ⋅*10^-14.

Answer:

a is oxidation

b is reduction

c is reduction

d is oxidation

hope it helps you

Answer:

Volume = 3.4 L

Explanation:

In order to calculate the volume of CO₂ produced when 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, we need to first write out the balanced equation of the thermal decomposition of CaCO₃:

CaCO₃ (s) + [Heat] ⇒ CaO (s) + CO₂ (g)

Now, let's calculate the number of moles in 15.2 g CaCO₃:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{mass}{molar \ mass}}\)

                 = \(\frac{15.2}{40.1 + 12 + (16 \times 3)}\)

                 = 0.1518 moles

From the balanced equation above, we can see that the stoichiometric molar ratios of CaCO₃ and CO₂ are equal. Therefore, the number of moles of CO₂ produced is also 0.1518 moles.

Hence, from the formula for the number of moles of a gas, we can calculate the volume of  CO₂:

mole no. = \(\mathrm{\frac{Volume \ in \ L}{22.4}}\)

⇒ \(0.1518 = \mathrm{\frac{Volume}{22.4}}\)

⇒ Volume = 0.1518 × 22.4

                 = 3.4 L

Therefore, if 15.2 g of CaCO₃ is heated, 3.4 L of CO₂ is produced at STP.

The representation is showing potassium atom (K) and Chlorine atom (Cl) when it ought to show their ions i.e potassium ion (K⁺) and Chlorine ion (Cl¯)

When potassium chloride, KCl dissolves in water, it dissociate to produce potassium ion (K⁺) and Chlorine ion (Cl¯) as shown below:

KCl(aq) —> K⁺(aq) + Cl¯(aq)

The representation given in the question is only showing potassium atom (K) and Chlorine atom (Cl). This makes it wrong as dissolution of ionic compounds in water will results in the corresponding ions of the element that makes up the compound

Please see attached photo

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Answer:

800.209

Explanation:

Answer: A

Explanation: the iron is liquid (so not D), it’s below the mantle but not above the crust (so not B &C)

Based on the given reactions, the compounds are as follows:

A: The specific product formed from the reaction between prop-1-yne and either 2HBr or H2O2.

B: The product formed when compound A reacts with 2H2O.

C: The product formed when compound B reacts with K2CO3(aq).

D: The product formed from the heat-induced reaction of compound C.

E: The product formed when compound D reacts with HBr.

Based on the given reactions, let's analyze the compounds involved:

Reaction 1: prop-1-yne + 2HBr/H2O2 = A

The reactant prop-1-yne reacts with either 2HBr or H2O2 to form compound A. The specific product formed will depend on the reaction conditions.

Reaction 2: A + 2H2O = B

Compound A reacts with 2H2O (water) to form compound B.

Reaction 3: B + K2CO3(aq) = C

Compound B reacts with K2CO3(aq) (potassium carbonate dissolved in water) to form compound C.

Reaction 4: C + heat = D

Compound C undergoes a heat-induced reaction to form compound D.

Reaction 5: D + HBr = E

Compound D reacts with HBr (hydrobromic acid) to form compound E.

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The number of moles of gas occupies 347.8 mL, at 4.369 x 10 atm at 25 degrees C. is 0.0041843391.

The mole is the amount of substance in a system that contains the same number of elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilograms of carbon 12; it is denoted by the symbol "mol."

The mole, symbol mol, is the SI unit of the material amount of a specified elementary entity, which may be an atom, molecule, ion, electron, any other particle, or a specified group of such particles; its magnitude is set by fixing the numerical value of the Avogadro constant to be exactly 6.022 141 29 1023 when expressed in the SI unit mol-1.

We can use the Ideal Gas Law to solve this problem.

PV = nRT

where,  Atmosphere pressure P is 4.369 x 10 atm.

Volume V must be expressed in liters, so it will be 0.347.8 L,

and n is the number of moles(n) (and its unknown in this particular question)

R is the universal gas constant (R =.08206 L a t m L/ m o l K ).

T is the temperature in degrees Celsius (degree  C + 273 = K, so 25 degrees C + 273 = 298. K).

So we can say,

n = 0.3478*43.49/298*0.08206

n(mole) = 0.0041843391

The number of moles of gas occupies 347.8 mL, at 4.369 x 10 atm at 25 degrees C is 0.0041843391.

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