d. FNMA (Fannie Mae). The investor in the secondary mortgage market is FNMA. The Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), is commonly known as Fannie Mae.
The secondary mortgage market is where mortgage loans and servicing rights are bought and sold by various entities. FNMA is a government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) that plays a significant role in the secondary mortgage market. Fannie Mae purchases mortgage loans from primary lenders, such as banks and mortgage companies, allowing them to free up capital to make more loans. Fannie Mae then pools these mortgages and sells them as mortgage-backed securities (MBS) to investors. In contrast, the VA (Department of Veterans Affairs), FHA (Federal Housing Administration), and HUD (Department of Housing and Urban Development) is primarily involved in insuring and guaranteeing mortgage loans for specific populations, rather than investing in the secondary mortgage market.
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A sample of n = 16 Honda Civic automobiles with the same engines and transmissions yielded the following sample statistics when fuel mileage tests were conducted on a test track:
X= 28.4 mpg
s = 2.0 mpg
(a) Calculate a 95% confidence interval for the average mileage for all Honda Civics with this particular engine and transmission. (28.4 mpg +1/- 1.0655 mpg)
(b) If we want to reduce the margin of error for the above confidence interval to be about 0.5 mpg, approximately how many Honda Civics would we need to test? Show the calculations.
We have a 95% confidence level that the actual average fuel economy of all Honda Civics equipped with this engine and transmission falls between 27.3345 and 29.4655 mpg.
CI equals X t/2 * (s/n)
When the data are plugged in, we obtain the following: CI = 28.4 2.131 * (2.0/16) = (28.4 - 1.0655, 28.4 + 1.0655) = (27.3345, 29.4655)
As a result, we have a 95% confidence level that the actual average mileage of all Honda Civics equipped with this engine and transmission falls between 27.3345 and 29.4655 mpg.
(b) We need to increase the sample size in order to lower the margin of error to 0.5 mpg. You may write the margin of error (E) as follows:
E = tα/2 * (s/√n)
We may solve for n as follows: n = (t/2 * s / E)
²
When the values are plugged in, we obtain: n = (2.131 * 2.0 / 0.5).
² = 36.26
Consequently, to lower the margin of error to around 0.5 mpg, we need to test about 37 Honda Civics.
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What is the first step to creating a winning value proposition?.
Answer:
Tactics to Develop an Effective Value Proposition. Conduct research to determine the value proposition of your competitors. Explain the value of your products and services. Describe the benefits your ideal customer will experience when they choose your product or service over the competition.
Strategies for managing conflict
Can I get a brainest point plsssssss
1. Don't Ignore Conflict
If you're someone who dislikes dealing with conflict, it might seem tempting to just put your head in the sand and pretend it doesn't exist, hoping it will resolve itself on its own. While this sometimes can happen, the truth is that the vast majority of the time, this will only cause the situation to get worse. Ignored conflicts have a tendency to fester over time and reappear at inopportune moments, so do your team a favor and address conflicts when they occur, nipping a potentially toxic situation in the bud as soon as you recognize it.
2. Clarify What the Issue Is
If you're dealing with a conflict between two members of your team, it's important that you get all the facts. Sit down with each individual involved and find out exactly what the issue is. How is each individual perceiving the situation? What needs are not being met? What does each party see as an appropriate resolution? Make sure that all parties involved understand that you are acting as an impartial mediator, and let them know they can feel comfortable to share sensitive information.
3. Bring Involved Parties Together to Talk
Once you've had a chance to talk to all involved parties separately, bring them together in a meeting so that they can hash out their differences in a neutral environment. This is a time for brainstorming, active listening, and being open to different perspectives - the goal is to come to a common understanding of what the problem is, what role each individual is playing in the conflict, and what some possible solutions might be.
4. Identify a Solution
After both parties have had a chance to discuss the situation at hand, it's time to identify what a satisfactory resolution might be - and how to get there. Ideally, by this point, both parties will understand the other's side, and oftentimes the conflict will be resolved just through facilitated, open dialogue. However, if the situation requires further resolution, you will need to step in and help them negotiate a reasonable solution. This phase can require some time and effort, as it requires both parties to set aside their differences and preferences and find some common ground to work towards (which may involve not getting everything they want out of the situation). Then, work with both individuals to come up with a concrete list of steps that will result in the solution being achieved.
5. Continue to Monitor and Follow Up on the Conflict
Just because a solution has been identified and addressed doesn't mean it will just go away. As a manager, it's your responsibility to check in with both parties to ensure that the conflict has truly been dealt with, and that the steps identified to reach a solution are being followed. If all seems to be going well, simply remember to stop and observe from time to time, just to see if things really are going smoothly or if there are still lingering tensions under the surface that need to be handled. If it's clear that the solution didn't work, or wasn't the right resolution for the situation, make sure to be proactive in working with both parties to readjust expectations, identify alternative solutions, and continue their dialogue to create a positive and healthy work environment.
Select the correct answer.
A restaurant manager reads a study on the health habits of the local community. However, he wants to validate this information with an internal secondary data source. Which of the following should he consult?
A. a census bureau report
B. newspaper articles from a national source
C. market research study
D. his company’s financial statements
E. networking contacts
Answer: C
Explanation: An internal source to validate the data is a marketing research paper that the business has already completed.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
right on edmentum
Create a comic strip, poster, or other visual art presentation that illustrates the forces of supply and demand, just as the dance routine in Supply and Dance, Man illustrated it using
the example of selling canes. Invent a fictitious business and illustrate how the business's successes shift supply and demand. Identify the supply and demand factors at play.
Answer:
demand is equal to 1000 and factors is equal to 5000
What are two critical issues in the united states today that depend on the ready availability of money?
Economic growth and the creation of employment rely on the availability of money. Theoretically, with the proper economic policy, the U.S. economy can resume growing without generating inflation.
What is monetary policy?Monetary policy is the control of the amount of money available in an economy and the tracks by which new money is supplied. Economic statistics such as gross domestic product (GDP), the rate of inflation, and enterprise and sector-specific growth rates influence the monetary policy approach.
Central banks have four main monetary policy instruments: the reserve requirement, open market functions, the discount rate, and interest on reserves.
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company a has a contribution margin ratio of 35%. for each dollar in sales, contribution margin will increase by
Sales will rise by $1, increasing the contribution margin by $0.35. If sales rise by any additional amount, we can determine the increase in the contribution margin by multiplying the rise in sales by the contribution margin ratio of 35%.
How much of each dollar in sales is explained by the contribution margin ratio?The contribution margin ratio illustrates what portion of each dollar of sales goes toward covering fixed costs and making a profit. The product price is divided by the contribution margin ratio after variable costs are deducted.
Does the contribution margin ratio also equal 60% when variable costs represent 60% of sales revenue?This indicates that variable costs represent 60% of revenues. With a contribution margin ratio of 60%, variable costs represent 40% of sales. Even if overall fixed expenses change, contribution margin ratio won't change at different sales levels.
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Government intervention in a modern economy is useful because:__________
Government intervention in a modern economy can help promote a more equitable and efficient market system, while also providing necessary protections and stabilizing forces to ensure the health and well-being of society as a whole.
Government intervention in a modern economy is useful for several reasons:
Addressing market failures: Government intervention can help address market failures such as externalities, natural monopolies, and information asymmetries. For example, the government can regulate emissions to address negative externalities or provide public goods such as infrastructure and education.
Reducing income inequality: Government intervention can help redistribute income and wealth through taxes and social welfare programs, which can help reduce poverty and promote social mobility.
Promoting competition: Government intervention can help promote competition in markets by preventing monopolies, regulating mergers and acquisitions, and enforcing antitrust laws.
Protecting consumers and workers: Government intervention can help protect consumers and workers by enforcing consumer protection laws, regulating workplace safety, and setting minimum wage and working conditions standards.
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what is it called when the government uses some tool other than money to allocate goods?
A. rationing
B. supply management
C. disequilibrium
D. resource allocation
Select the scenario that best demonstrates the entrepreneurial mindset of taking initiative and
being self-reliant
A. Jon starts a café in his town. He observes that due to a drop in the economy, his café is not doing as well as expected. He hopes his business will pick up again once the economy is strong again.
B. Linda is developing a music app. However, she gets stuck many times while
writing the code. She considers giving up on her app and working under an
experienced person to develop apps.
C. Samantha works as a nail artist. To keep up with the competition and customer
demands, she expands her skill set with new techniques and designs in the market.
D. Steve works as a pizza delivery boy, but wants to start his own pizza parlor. It
will be difficult to make time to implement his business plan, so he is going to wait
for a better time to start his business.
Answer:
c.Samantha works as a nail artist. To keep up with the competition and customer
demands, she expands her skill set with new techniques and designs in the market.
Explanation:
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If you have an orientation where you read manuals and fill out paperwork, it is probably a _____.
a.
new hire orientation
b.
interactive orientation
c.
reorientation
d.
mentorship
Answer:
mentorship
Explanation:
Describe each integration method and when best to use it.
**The integration methods mentioned are copy and paste, linking, and embedding
A big crowd is watching a football game. Suddenly, everyone jumps to their feet and starts cheering. The home team scored a touchdown. They are now in the lead. What is the stimulus in this scenario?
A) They are now in the lead.
B) The home team scored a touchdown.
C) A big crowd is watching the game.
D) Suddenly, everyone jumps to their feet and starts cheering.
B)
Explanation:
the definition of stimulus is something that causes a reaction so b is the only one that makes sense
"To increase the welfare of producers, a subsidy is always
better than a price floor". Explain the validity of the statement
in 500 words and support with suitable diagram(s).
A subsidy is always preferable to a price floor in increasing the welfare of producers. However, this assertion is not universally valid and depends on specific market conditions and the objectives of the policy.
The validity of the statement depends on the context and goals of the policy. A subsidy directly provides financial assistance to producers, effectively lowering their costs and increasing their profitability. This can stimulate production, encourage investment, and support producers' welfare. In contrast, a price floor sets a minimum price that must be paid for a product. While it may protect producers from low prices, it can lead to surplus production and create inefficiencies in the market.
The diagram below illustrates the effects of a subsidy and a price floor on the supply and demand equilibrium in a market:
In the diagram, the initial equilibrium is represented by the intersection of the supply (S) and demand (D) curves. When a subsidy is implemented, the supply curve shifts downward by the amount of the subsidy, resulting in an increase in quantity supplied (Q1 to Q2) and a decrease in price (P1 to P2). This benefits producers by reducing their costs and increasing their revenue.
On the other hand, implementing a price floor sets a minimum price (Pf) above the equilibrium price. This leads to a decrease in quantity demanded (Q1 to Q3) and an increase in quantity supplied (Q1 to Q4). The surplus (Q4 - Q3) represents excess production that is not demanded by consumers, which can result in wasted resources.
While the subsidy generally appears more favorable for producers' welfare, it is important to consider the broader consequences and potential distortions caused by both policies. Market conditions, the elasticity of supply and demand, and the overall goals of the policy should be taken into account when determining the most appropriate approach to support producers' welfare.
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a contract clause which specifies the amount of damages to be paid in the event of a breach is called
A contract clause which specifies the amount of damages to be paid in the event of a breach is called a liquidated damages clause.
When parties are entering into a contractual agreement, certain provisions are catered for in the contract which allows payment of a specified sum should one of the parties be in breach of contract. This is called liquidated damages clause.
The purpose of adding the clause ( liquidated damages clause) is to ensure sure parties to the contract understand and performs their duties accordingly.
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Which of the following is an example of a real estate investment?
Which of the following choices incur speculative risk?
a.stocks
b.fire insurance on a house
c.options
d.life insurance
e.high interest savings account
Answer: correct option is A.
Explanation: A speculative risk can be defined as risk that is taken willingly either it results in profit or loss and the stocks involve in probability of gain and loss making it a speculative risk.
Stocks incur speculative risk. Therefore option A is correct.
What are Stocks?A stock usually referred to as equity, is a type of investment that denotes ownership in a portion of the issuing company. Shares, also known as units of stock, entitle their owners to a share of the company's assets and income in proportion to the number of shares they possess.
Common stock and preferred stock are the two primary categories of stocks.
Owners of common stock are entitled to dividends and the right to vote at shareholder meetings.
Common stockholders often do not have voting rights, while preferred stockholders typically get dividend payments ahead of time and are given preference over common investors in the event of a firm bankruptcy and asset liquidation.
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the principle that more will be offered for sale at higher prices than at lower prices.
The principle that more will be offered for sale at higher prices than at lower prices is the law of supply.
This law states that when the price of a good or service increases, the quantity supplied will also increase. On the other hand, when the price of a good or service decreases, the quantity supplied will decrease as well.This law applies to all goods and services, regardless of the industry or sector. It is one of the most fundamental principles of economics and is used to explain many economic phenomena, including the behavior of producers in markets.
The supply curve is determined by the cost of production, technological progress, and the availability of resources. When the cost of production increases, the supply curve shifts to the left, and when the cost of production decreases, the supply curve shifts to the right.The availability of resources also affects the supply curve. When there are more resources available, the supply curve will shift to the right, and when there are fewer resources available, the supply curve will shift to the left.
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market efficiency requires: all investors to be rational. countervailing irrationalities. speculation by amateur investors. the absence of arbitrage. arbitrage conducted by irrational investors.
Market efficiency requires the absence of arbitrage.
This is because when a market is efficient, prices accurately reflect all available information, preventing any opportunities for risk-free profit through arbitrage. In an efficient market, any mispricing is quickly corrected by rational investors, making it difficult for anyone to consistently profit from arbitrage.
Market efficiency refers to the ability of markets to incorporate all available information into the prices of securities. In order for a market to be considered efficient, it requires the absence of arbitrage opportunities, where investors can make risk-free profits by exploiting pricing discrepancies. This means that all investors must be rational, and act in a way that maximizes their own interests based on all available information.
However, countervailing irrationalities such as herd behavior and emotional decision-making can lead to inefficiencies in the market. Speculation by amateur investors can also contribute to market inefficiency. Finally, arbitrage conducted by irrational investors can lead to pricing distortions and hinder market efficiency. Overall, a well-functioning market requires rationality, information, and a lack of opportunities for risk-free profits.
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what is meant by entry book
Answer:
Its a record of money in the bank
suppose maestro's had cost of goods sold during the year of $230,000. beginning merchandise inventory was $35,000, and ending merchandise inventory was $45,000. determine maestro's inventory turnover for the year. round to the nearest hundredth.
In simpler terms, the inventory turnover ratio measures how many times a company sells and replaces its inventory during a year.
To determine Maestro's inventory turnover for the year, we can use the formula: Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory.
First, let's calculate the average inventory. Average Inventory = (Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) / 2.
Average Inventory = ($35,000 + $45,000) / 2 = $80,000.
Next, we'll use the given information: Cost of Goods Sold = $230,000.
Now, we can calculate the inventory turnover using the formula: Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Average Inventory.
Inventory Turnover = $230,000 / $80,000 = 2.875.
Rounding to the nearest hundredth, the inventory turnover for Maestro's during the year is 2.88.
In simpler terms, the inventory turnover ratio measures how many times a company sells and replaces its inventory during a year. A higher ratio indicates efficient inventory management, while a lower ratio suggests slow inventory turnover. Maestro's inventory turnover of 2.88 indicates that their inventory turned over nearly three times during the year.
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To determine Maestro's inventory turnover for the year, we need to divide the cost of goods sold (COGS) by the average inventory.
Step 1: Calculate the average inventory.
To find the average inventory, we add the beginning inventory and the ending inventory, and then divide the sum by 2.
Average Inventory = (Beginning Inventory + Ending Inventory) / 2
Average Inventory = ($35,000 + $45,000) / 2
Average Inventory = $80,000 / 2
Average Inventory = $40,000
Step 2: Divide the COGS by the average inventory to find the inventory turnover.
Inventory Turnover = COGS / Average Inventory
Inventory Turnover = $230,000 / $40,000
Inventory Turnover = 5.75
Conclusion:
Maestro's inventory turnover for the year is 5.75. This means that, on average, Maestro's inventory was sold and replaced approximately 5.75 times during the year.
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What are the rules of the government in a mixed economy?
The roles of government in the mixed economy are to maintain the social and legal framework, to provide public goods and services, to maintain competition, to redistribute income, and to stabilize the economy.
What exactly is the mixed economy?The term "mixed economy" refers to a system of economic organization in which the private sector's action is combined with that of the public sector, which acts as a regulator and corrector of the former.
Most economic decisions in a mixed economy are made through the market interaction of sellers and consumers. However, the state plays an important complementary role in it.
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recall the column headings of a work sheet used to prepare financial statements. which of the following items are on a worksheet. (check all that apply.) multiple select question. a.balance sheet columns statement of cash b.flows columns c.adjustment columns d.income statement columns e.adjusted trial balance columns
f.unadjusted trial balance columns
The correct answers are A, B, C, D, E, and F. The column headings of a worksheet used to prepare financial statements are as follows: Unadjusted trial balance columns
Adjustment columns: Adjusted trial balance columns.Income statement columns.Balance sheet columns. Statement of cash flows columns.
What is a worksheet? A worksheet is a multi-column document used by bookkeepers and accountants to outline financial statements. The worksheet is divided into many sections, each of which is used to summarize a particular accounting calculation or process. The worksheet is then used to generate the financial statements of an organization.
The following are the items that are on a worksheet:
Unadjusted trial balance columns: Before making any changes to the accounting records, the worksheet includes unadjusted trial balance columns. The purpose of the unadjusted trial balance columns is to make sure the debits and credits are equal and to spot any errors that may have occurred.Adjustment columns: Adjustment columns are used to make changes to the accounting records to bring them into compliance with accounting regulations. When an accountant makes an adjusting entry in the accounting records, the adjustment column is used to record the entry.
Adjusted trial balance columns: After making any necessary adjustments to the accounting records, the worksheet includes adjusted trial balance columns. The adjusted trial balance columns are used to ensure that the debits and credits are equal after any necessary changes have been made.Income statement columns: The income statement columns are used to calculate net income by deducting total expenses from total revenue.
Balance sheet columns: The balance sheet columns are used to summarize an organization's financial position by reporting assets, liabilities, and equity.
Statement of cash flows columns: The statement of cash flows columns are used to report an organization's cash inflows and outflows.
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Comparative balance sheets for 2024 and 2023, a statement of income for 2024, and additional information from the accounting records of Red, Incorporated, are provided below: RED, INCORPORATED Comparative Balance Sheets December 31, 2024 and 2023 ($ in millions) 2024 2023 Assets Cash $ 40 $ 148 Accounts receivable 200 148 Prepaid insurance 12 9 Inventory 300 191 Buildings and equipment 432 366 Less: Accumulated depreciation (135) (256) $ 849 $ 606 Liabilities Accounts payable $ 103 $ 132 Accrued liabilities 11 19 Notes payable 76 0 Bonds payable 189 0 Shareholders’ Equity Common stock 416 416 Retained earnings 54 39 $ 849 $ 606 RED, INCORPORATED Statement of Income For Year Ended December 31, 2024 ($ in millions) Revenues Sales revenue $ 2,200 Expenses Cost of goods sold $ 1,467 Depreciation expense 41 Operating expenses 601 2,109 Net income $ 91 Additional information from the accounting records: During 2024, $246 million of equipment was purchased to replace $180 million of equipment (90% depreciated) sold at book value. In order to maintain the usual policy of paying cash dividends of $76 million, it was necessary for Red to borrow $76 million from its bank. Required: Prepare the statement of cash flows for Red, Incorporated, using the indirect method to report operating activities. Note: Cash outflows should be indicated with a minus sign. Enter your answers in millions (i.e., 10,000,000 should be entered as 10).
The net increase in cash for Red, Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2024, using the indirect method, is $66 million, with an ending cash balance of $82 million.
How did Red, Incorporated's cash change in 2024?To prepare the statement of cash flows for Red, Incorporated using the indirect method, we need to analyze the changes in the balance sheet accounts and additional information provided. Here's the statement of cash flows:
RED, INCORPORATED
Statement of Cash Flows
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Operating Activities:
Net Income $91
Adjustments for non-cash items:
Depreciation Expense $41
Increase in Accounts Receivable (-) $52 (200 - 148)
Increase in Prepaid Insurance (-) $3 (12 - 9)
Increase in Inventory (-) $109 (300 - 191)
Decrease in Accounts Payable (-) ($29) (103 - 132)
Decrease in Accrued Liabilities (-) ($8) (11 - 19)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities $259
Investing Activities:
Purchase of Equipment ($246) (new equipment)
Sale of Equipment $180 (book value)
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities ($66)
Financing Activities
Borrowings (Notes Payable) $76
Payment of Dividends ($76)
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities $0
Net Increase in Cash ($66) [($66) + $0 + $66]
Cash at Beginning of Year $148
Cash at End of Year $82
Therefore, the statement of cash flows for Red, Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2024, using the indirect method, shows a net increase in cash of $66 million. The cash at the end of the year is $82 million.
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Janyell is the money person. All purchases or any funds needed for business activities have to be sent to her and approved first.
Which Function of Business is Janyell most closely
associated with?
A- accounting
B- sales
C- production
D- finance
Answer:
B?
Explanation:
Assuming the workmans live in california, a community property state, and that diana and ryan file separately, what is diana's gross income minus expenses on the day care business?
Diana and Ryan file separately, Diana's gross income minus expenses on the day care business would be half of the total gross income minus expenses for the business.
In California, a community property state, the income and expenses from a business owned by a married couple are generally split evenly between the two spouses. To calculate Diana's gross income minus expenses, we would first need to know the total gross income and total expenses for the day care business. Once we have those numbers, we can use the following formula:
Diana's gross income minus expenses = (Total gross income / 2) - (Total expenses / 2)
For example, if the total gross income for the day care business was $100,000 and the total expenses were $50,000, Diana's gross income minus expenses would be:
Diana's gross income minus expenses = ($100,000 / 2) - ($50,000 / 2) = $50,000 - $25,000 = $25,000
Therefore, Diana's gross income minus expenses on the day care business would be $25,000.
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suppose gdp is $10 billion, consumption expenditure is $7 billion, investment is $2 billion, and government expenditures on goods and services is $2 billion. net exports of goods and services must be
net exports of goods and services must be -$1 billion implying that the country has a trade deficit.
How to calculate net exportTo determine the net exports of goods and services, we can use the following equation:
GDP = C + I + G + NX
where
GDP is the gross domestic product,
C is the consumption expenditure,
I is the investment, G is the government expenditures on goods and services, and
NX is the net exports of goods and services.
Substitute the given values, in the equation
$10 billion = $7 billion + $2 billion + $2 billion + NX
NX = $10 billion - $7 billion - $2 billion - $2 billion
= -$1 billion
Since the value of NX is negative, this means that the country has a trade deficit, i.e., its imports of goods and services are greater than its exports of goods and services.
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The problem of dilution never arises with call options, but it can arise with warrants.(True/False)
False. The problem of dilution can arise with both call options and warrants. Dilution occurs when a company issues additional shares of stock, which can decrease the value of existing shares and dilute the ownership stake of current shareholders.
When call options are exercised, new shares of stock are issued, which can result in dilution. Similarly, when warrants are exercised, new shares of stock are issued, which can also result in dilution. The difference between call options and warrants is that warrants are typically issued by the company itself, while call options are traded among investors. This means that the company has more control over the terms of the warrants and can potentially structure them in a way that could lead to greater dilution for existing shareholders. We can say that dilution is a critical issue for investors as it can impact the value of their investment. It is important for investors to carefully consider the terms of any investment instrument, including call options and warrants, to understand the potential risks associated with dilution.
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What section of the economy is the largest employer
Answer: public schools in the us
Explanation: 6,646,292...
Which of the following is not a key element of the Sarbanes Oxley Act to improve corporate governance?a) The establishment of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Boardb) Requiring a company’s annual report to contain an internal control report that includes management’s opinion on the effectiveness of internal controlc) Severe criminal penalties for retaliation against "whistleblowers"d) Requiring that the company’s performance reports are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
Answer:
d) Requiring that the company's performance reports are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles
Explanation:
The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 was formed to set new guidelines for public companies located in the United States. There are eleven sections contained in the act and three key ones mentioned in the options above include;
1. The establishment of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board: This board was to be in charge of the registration of auditors, providing auditing services, and overseeing audit forms.
2. Requiring a company's annual report to contain an internal control report that includes management's opinion on the effectiveness of internal control: Financial reports produced by the companies were to have the certification of the managers and accounting officers of the reporting organizations.
3. Severe criminal penalties for retaliation against "whistleblowers": Severe penalties were to be applied on any who engaged in financial crimes, or even discriminated against whistleblowers.