which of the following steps is not required/true for both gene microarrays and rnaseq analysis? choose one: a. sequence of genes must be known in advance to yield results b. method is used to determine gene expression levels by analyzing mrna levels c. mrna must be isolated from the whole cell lysate d. complementary dna is generated from the mrna

Answer: The forces are balanced so no motion occurs

Explanation: Balanced = constant speed, no motion, and same direction

The statement which describes the forces acting on the toy truck is that the forces are balanced, so no motion occurs.

A balanced force can be defined as a type of force that can only be produced when two or more forces that are acting on a physical object are equal in magnitude. Thus, a balanced force doesn't result in a change of motion or acceleration for any object.

In this scenario, we can infer that the forces acting on the toy truck are balanced, so no motion occurs and it will continue to be at rest on the floor.

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Answer:

Light, electric

Explanation:

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

B. Loss of biodiversity as habitats are destroyed.

Explanation:

For A, it wouldn’t make sense for the water tables to be replenished after a tsunami.

For C, fishing industries actually should have financial losses because of the tsunami, not many fish should be in the area.

For D, well tbh another earthquake shouldn’t happen, one earthquake following another yes would be catastrophic but isn’t very likely to happen. •_•

In other words, B makes the most sense and most reasonable.

Hope this helps, have a great summer! :D

Answer:

0.7

Explanation:

Given that in statistics, the Relative Frequency is the Frequency of the class divided by Total.

Hence, in this case, the Relative Frequency of black hair is the Frequency of black hair divided by the Total.

Hence, we have 70 ÷ 100

=> 0.7

Therefore, the correct answer is 0.7 Relative frequency.

1. Human and banana plant: 50% DNA similarity.2. Human and chimpanzee: 95% DNA similarity.3. Human and mouse: 75% DNA similarity.4. No pair of organisms: 10% DNA similarity

DNA similarity can be used to determine the genetic relatedness between different organisms. The percentage of DNA similarity indicates the extent of shared genetic material between two organisms.

1. Human and banana plant: The DNA similarity between humans and banana plants is relatively low, around 50%. This suggests that they are distantly related and have significantly different genetic compositions.

2. Human and chimpanzee: Humans and chimpanzees are closely related species, sharing a high degree of genetic similarity. The DNA similarity between human and chimpanzee is approximately 95%, reflecting their common ancestry and evolutionary history.

3. Human and mouse: Humans and mice are also closely related, but less so than humans and chimpanzees. The DNA similarity between human and mouse is around 75%, indicating a significant overlap in genetic material.

4. No pair of organisms: A 10% DNA similarity indicates a very low level of genetic similarity between the compared organisms. In this case, there is no pair of organisms that exhibit such a low level of DNA similarity, suggesting that this option is not applicable.

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A. In order to establish what constituted "good growth," I used the amount of colonies present on the plate as a measurement.

For example, if there were a large number of colonies present on the plate, it would be considered "good growth." Conversely, if there were very few or no colonies present on the plate, it would be considered "poor growth" or "no growth," respectively.

B. It would not be advisable to compare growth of the organisms on each plate to each other for a couple of reasons. Firstly, each plate may have different types of media which can affect the growth of the organisms.

For example, the PEA plate may contain a selective media that only allows for the growth of gram-positive bacteria, while the NA plate may contain a general media that allows for the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, comparing growth on the two plates would not provide an accurate comparison of the organisms. Secondly, each plate may have been inoculated with a different amount of bacteria, which can also affect the growth of the organisms. Therefore, comparing growth on the two plates would not provide an accurate comparison of the organisms.

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Answer:

g. mitosis

Explanation:

mitosis is when cells divide

Answer:

Hypoxia is believed to be caused primarily by excess nutrients delivered from the Mississippi River in combination with seasonal stratification of Gulf waters. ... Stratification of fresh and saline waters prevents oxygen replenishment by mixing of oxygen-rich surface water with oxygen-depleted bottom water.

Trait that can be used to differentiate humans from our closest living primate relatives is bipedality( the ability  to walk exclusively on two legs).

The cognitive capacities of humans and other primates are notably different, and the human brain is also noticeably larger. The proportional up-regulation of energy-related genes and metabolites in the human brain provides evidence that these differences are correlated with metabolic alterations.

Compared to other monkey species, humans have significantly more sophisticated verbal communication techniques. Only humans have developed and used symbols as a form of communication. We also have social organizations that are more diversified and intricate.

We distinguish ourselves from all other primates as humans thanks to a number of distinctive traits. Our brains are quite big. Our brains are larger than those of any other living primate and, in comparison, bigger than those of all other mammals.

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Spermatogenesis, the development and maturation of sperm cells in the male reproductive organ known as the testes.

False: During spermatogenesis, spermatids transform into spermatozoa. During spermatogenesis, each main spermatocyte divides into two haploid secondary spermatocytes, yielding four sperm. Haploid secondary spermatocytes have fewer rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae and coarse chromatin granules than primary spermatocytes and are smaller. After undergoing meiosis II, secondary spermatocytes produce four haploid spermatids from four haploid secondary spermatocytes. Each spermatid starts to form a tail and a mitochondria-filled midpiece, while the chromatin is compressed into an acrosome at the head. Sertoli cells are essential for proper spermatogenesis because they protect cell connections and give male germ cells the nutrients they need to progress through mitosis and meiosis.

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Answer: 6

Explanation:

This is because the Met and Trp are coded by one codon, Cys is coded by two different codons, and Stop is encoded by three different codons. Therefor, 2x3=6.

The independent variable is temperature

The dependent variable is height of the plants

Three constant variables are; sunlight, nutrients and humidity

A line graph is more suitable since we have two variables.

We know that the term variable has to do with the kind of value that changes from time to time. In an experiment, there are three main kinds of variables;

1) the independent variable - The value of this would be altered throughout the experiment

2) The dependent variable - The value of this would only be changed when we change the dependent variable

3) The controlled variable - This would remain the same throughout the experiment

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The skeletal and cardiac muscle slides have notable differences in nuclei and cell shape. In skeletal muscle, the nuclei are elongated and located at the periphery of the cell. This allows for more space in the cytoplasm for the myofibrils to contract. Additionally, skeletal muscle cells are cylindrical and have multiple nuclei due to the fusion of myoblasts during development.

On the other hand, cardiac muscle has a different cell shape and nuclei arrangement. The nuclei in cardiac muscle cells are centrally located, and the cells are branched, forming intercalated discs that connect adjacent cells. These discs allow for coordinated contractions, ensuring efficient pumping of blood throughout the heart.

In summary, the differences in nuclei and cell shape between skeletal and cardiac muscle slides reflect the unique functions of each muscle type. Skeletal muscle is responsible for movement and requires a cylindrical shape with elongated nuclei, while cardiac muscle needs a branched shape and central nuclei to ensure coordinated contractions.

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Answer:

Because you don't know which variable caused the effect.

Explanation:

It's always important to have a control because you need to be able to pinpoint exactly what variable caused the specific effect to take place. This is also why multiple variables can not be tested at once.

The independent variable is defined as the variable that is changed or manipulated by the researcher. It is the variable that the researcher changes to observe the effect on the dependent variable. In the given experiment conducted by Dorival Martins and Ann English (2014),

The independent variable is the nutrient level (nutrient-rich solution and nutrient-poor solution) on which the yeast was cultured, as the researchers grew three cultures of yeast on a nutrient-rich solution and three cultures of yeast on a nutrient-poor solution. The dependent variable in this experiment is the catalase activity (U/mg) in yeast culture that is measured after the exposure of each yeast culture to 0.2mM hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, the independent variable in this experiment is the nutrient level (nutrient-rich solution and nutrient-poor solution).

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Answer:

Thiobacillus denitrificans, Micrococcus denitrificans, and some species of Serratia, Pseudomonas, and Achromobacter.

Explanation:

The probability that the jury renders a correct decision is approximately 0.9904

The probability that the jury renders a correct decision can be calculated as follows:
- If the defendant is guilty, the probability that at least 8 out of the 12 jurors vote him guilty is given by the binomial distribution with parameters n=12 and p=0.7, and can be calculated as P(X≥8) = 1 - P(X<8) = 1 - Σ(i=0 to 7) (12 choose i) * 0.7^i * 0.3^(12-i) = 0.9904.
- If the defendant is not guilty, the probability that at least 8 out of the 12 jurors vote him not guilty is also given by the binomial distribution with parameters n=12 and p=0.3, and can be calculated similarly as P(X≥8) = 1 - P(X<8) = 1 - Σ(i=0 to 7) (12 choose i) * 0.3^i * 0.7^(12-i) = 0.9904.
- Since the defendant is equally likely to be guilty or not guilty, we can compute the overall probability of a correct decision as P(correct) = 0.5 * 0.9904 + 0.5 * 0.9904 = 0.9904.
Therefore, the probability that the jury renders a correct decision is approximately 0.9904.

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Historically, archaea were referred to as archaebacteria and were categorized as bacteria. However, it was found that, in contrast to bacteria, archaea have a unique evolutionary history.

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Lakes and ponds

Lake and ponds stratification refers to the tendency of them to form layers of different densities depending on temperature variations, mainly. It is a phenomenon of water stratification, liquid tend to arrange themselves in layers according to their density, which in turn is related to thermal or chemical variations, or both.

Therefore, the correct answer to this question is option B.

A partial tear of a tendon is represented by a hypoechoic halo.

Only a portion of the tendon is torn in an incomplete tear. A complete rip affects the entire tendon, whereas the filaments are only partially torn. When the entire tendon is torn and the tendon filaments are pulled apart, a total with withdrawal occurs. A rotator sleeve is a group of muscles and the ligaments that support them that demonstrate to stabilize the shoulder and contemplate its wide range of motion in living structures. Among the seven scapulohumeral muscles, the rotator sleeve is made up of four. The supraspinatus muscle, infraspinatus muscle, teres minor muscle, and subscapularis muscle are the four muscles.

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Answer:

Major structural differences between a plant and an animal cell include: Plant cells have a cell wall, but animal cells do not. Cell walls provide support and give shape to plants. Plant cells have chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.

Explanation:

Hope that helps :)

Answer:

A plant cell contains a singular vacuole In contrast, animal cells have many smaller vacuoles.

Explanation:

Plant cells have a cell wall, as well as a cell membrane. Animal cells have a cell membrane, but no cell wall.

Answer:

This is because predators will find the easiest meals to snack on, even if that includes hunting down endangered or vulnerable species they're supposed to protect.

Explanation:

An example would be the Hawaiian mongoose case. If you don't know, mongoose are very popular due to their brave and aggressive nature, where they'll hunt pests down from rats eating on crop fields to even giant snakes in India that would other wise kill humans in a single venomous bite. This brought up the idea of bringing mongoose to Hawaii, since some rats were being a problem with their agriculture. So they brought 72 of them and started breeding them.

This immediately backfired as they caused many native birds and other native animals trouble as they were eating its eggs. There were so few mongoose hunting down the rats that it was rather better for them to not bring it in the first place. This is why today, Hawaii is very strict on what animal you choose to bring, even your own dog!

Another example would be the Australian dingoes. Except, this was unintentional. A few thousand years ago, their once-domesticated dog ancestors were actually abandoned by their owners from some Southeast Asian area and came down to Australia. They outcompeted existing predators such as the Tasmanian devils on Australia. They simply could produce and maintain more offspring than the Tasmanian devils. This caused the extinction of the last Tasmanian devils in the last couple of decades.

Although the dingoes aren't as bad as the mongoose, who ate everything they could find, as they hunted feral pigs as well as rare hunts on feral cats, they also eat the threatened native species they're meant to protect.

Last and very good example would be New Zealand, home to the most vulnerable birds: Kiwis and Kakapos. Although the taxonomy shows that they have individually evolved flightlessness, they both are vulnerable species. This is because, similar to the dodos, they didn't have predators to begin with. And you can't have a predator to attack the existing invasive species since they'll just snack up on the flightless birds as they're an easier snack anyways.

The more an ecosystem has been isolated, the harder it is to restore balance once invasive species have been introduced. Predators will not hesitate to try new food, such as kiwis. Think about it, if you walk into a pastry and see a new type of cake on display, you might as well give it a go. Predators are just too unpredictable that it's best to leave an ecosystem alone.

The layer of soil closest to the surface is the topsoil. Topsoil is the uppermost layer of soil that is rich in organic matter and nutrients, making it the most fertile layer of soil. option b is correct.

It typically ranges from 2 to 8 inches in depth and is formed by the accumulation of decomposed plant material and other organic matter over time. Topsoil is crucial for plant growth as it provides the necessary nutrients and water for plants to thrive.

Beneath the topsoil is the subsoil layer, which is typically made up of larger particles and is less fertile than the topsoil. The parent rock, which is the rock layer from which the soil originated, is located beneath the subsoil layer and can be hundreds or thousands of feet below the surface. The parent rock influences the properties of the soil layers above it, such as their texture, mineral content, and drainage capabilities.

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Chemical cold packs are carried on the ambulance for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.

What are chemical cold packs?

A cold pack is a device used to deliver cold therapy. It can help relieve pain and inflammation caused by an injury or a chronic condition, such as arthritis.

The cold can help reduce swelling, inflammation, and pain by constricting blood vessels and slowing nerve impulses.To prevent the treatment area from becoming too cold, cold packs usually are wrapped in a cloth or a towel before being applied to the skin. This helps prevent frostbite, which can damage your skin and underlying tissues.

What are musculoskeletal injuries?

Musculoskeletal injuries are injuries to the musculoskeletal system, including the bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. These types of injuries can be caused by a variety of things, including falls, sports injuries, and car accidents. Common musculoskeletal injuries include sprains, strains, and fractures.The answer to the question is B. Musculoskeletal injuries.

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Answer: the answer is A

Explanation:

Answer:

Filtration.

Explanation:

Filtration can be used to separate solid part from liquid part of microbial product because it is less time consuming. This filtration process can easily separate liquids from solid material by allowing liquids to pass through the small holes and collecting solid on the surface of sieve. centrifugation techniques are used to separate liquids of different densities so it can't separate solid from liquid, it can only be done by filtration process.

The observed differences seen between spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies are thought to primarily reflect differences in their morphology and structure.

Spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies are distinct types of galaxies based on their visual appearance and characteristics. The differences observed among these galaxies primarily reflect differences in their morphology and structure.

1. Spiral galaxies: Spiral galaxies are characterized by a distinct spiral arm structure that extends from a central bulge. They often have a flattened disk shape, with rotating arms of stars, gas, and dust spiraling outwards. Spiral galaxies generally exhibit ongoing star formation and contain a mix of young and old stellar populations. They tend to have a higher level of gas and dust, which contributes to ongoing star formation.

2. Elliptical galaxies: Elliptical galaxies, as the name suggests, have an elliptical or spheroidal shape. They lack the spiral arms seen in spiral galaxies and generally lack significant ongoing star formation. Elliptical galaxies are composed of older stellar populations, with a relatively low level of gas and dust. They are often found at the centers of galaxy clusters and are thought to result from the mergers of smaller galaxies.

3. Irregular galaxies: Irregular galaxies do not have a well-defined shape and lack the organized structures seen in spiral and elliptical galaxies. They can exhibit chaotic, irregular patterns and often show ongoing star formation. Irregular galaxies may result from interactions between galaxies or other disturbances that disrupt their structure and lead to the creation of new stars.

The observed differences in morphology and structure among these galaxy types suggest variations in their formation, evolution, and physical processes. Factors such as the initial conditions, gas content, interactions with other galaxies, and environmental influences play roles in shaping the observed characteristics of spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies.

The observed differences between spiral, elliptical, and irregular galaxies primarily reflect differences in their morphology and structure. These variations arise from factors such as the presence of spiral arms, the shape of the galaxy, ongoing star formation, gas content, and interactions with other galaxies. Understanding these differences provides insights into the formation and evolution of galaxies in our universe.

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