Which of these species would you expect to have the lowest standard entropy (S°)? Select one:
a. Cl2(g)
b. H2(g)
c. I2(s)
d. Br2(l)
e. F2(g)
Answers
The species that one would expect to have the lowest standard entropy (S°) from the given options is c. I2(s).
Iodine is a halogen that exists in many oxidation states in nature. It is the heaviest of the halogens, with a molecular weight of 126.9. It is found in the Earth's crust as iodate salts, and it is present in seawater and inorganic compounds as well. The normal state of iodine at ambient temperature and pressure is solid.
At room temperature, it sublimes to produce a deep violet vapor, which is denser than air. The standard entropy of a substance is the amount of energy that a substance has in its standard state, which is the energy required to raise the temperature of one mole of substance to 298 K at a pressure of 1 atm.
The standard entropy of the substances in the given options is as follows:
H2(g) : 131.0 J/Kmol
Cl2(g) : 223.1 J/Kmol
F2(g) : 202.7 J/Kmol
Br2(l) : 152.2 J/Kmol
I2(s) : 116.7 J/Kmol
As we can see, the standard entropy of I2(s) is the lowest of all the options given.
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Related Questions
a scientist mixes 0.02 g of a strong base in 83 ml of water and obtains a ph of 12. he then realizes that he forgot to label the container and forgot what base he added. what is the most likely the identity of this base? a) LiOH. b) NaOH. c) RbOH. d) KOH
Answers
LiOH is the most likely identity of the base added. Option A is correct.
The pH of 12 indicates that the solution is strongly basic. To determine the identity of the base added, we can compare the amount of base added to the volume of water and use the pKa values of the conjugate acids to estimate which base is most likely to produce a pH of 12.
LiOH: 6.94 + 16.00 + 1.01 =23.95 g/mol
NaOH: 22.99 + 16.00 + 1.01 = 40.00 g/mol
RbOH: 85.47 + 16.00 + 1.01 = 102.48 g/mol
KOH: 39.10 + 16.00 + 1.01 = 56.11 g/mol
Amount of base added = 0.02 g / molar mass
LiOH: 0.02 g / 23.95 g/mol = 0.000835 mol
NaOH: 0.02 g / 40.00 g/mol = 0.0005 mol
RbOH: 0.02 g / 102.48 g/mol = 0.000195 mol
KOH: 0.02 g / 56.11 g/mol = 0.000356 mol
Next, we can calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution using the pH:
pH = 14 - pOH
12 = 14 - pOH
pOH = 2
[OH⁻] =\(10^{-pOH}\) = 0.01 M
Using the concentration of hydroxide ions and the amount of base added, we can calculate the concentration of the base in the solution:
[OH⁻] = [base]
0.01 M = [base] / (83 mL / 1000) L
[base] = 0.00083 mol/L
Finally, we can compare the concentration of the base to the amount of base added and estimate which base is most likely to produce a pH of 12. The pKa values of the conjugate acids of the bases are:
LiOH: pKa = 10.76
NaOH: pKa = 14.00
RbOH: pKa = 13.62
KOH: pKa = 13.25
From the calculations, we see that the concentration of the base in the solution is highest for LiOH, which has the lowest molar mass among the options. Additionally, the pKa value of LiOH is closest to the pH of 12 obtained, which suggests that LiOH is the most likely identity of the base added.
Hence, A. LiOH is the correct option.
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What is a difference between fission and nuclear decay?
Responses
Fission is a slow, natural process that occurs spontaneously, while nuclear decay is a fast and generally human-induced process.
Fission is a slow, natural process that occurs spontaneously, while nuclear decay is a fast and generally human-induced process.
Fission releases particles, while nuclear decay absorbs particles.
Fission releases particles, while nuclear decay absorbs particles.
Fission involves a change in the nucleus of an atom, while nuclear decay does not.
Fission involves a change in the nucleus of an atom, while nuclear decay does not.
Fission results in products of relatively similar masses, while nuclear decay results in products of very different masses.
Answers
Answer:
Fission involves the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into smaller nuclei, while nuclear decay involves the emission of particles from the nucleus of an atom without changing its structure. Fission is usually induced by humans, while nuclear decay occurs naturally. Fission releases energy and particles, while nuclear decay only releases particles. Fission results in products of relatively similar masses, while nuclear decay results in products of very different masses.
Answer:
Fission results in products of relatively similar masses, while nuclear decay results in products of very different masses.
Explanation:
During an experiment, the percent yield of calcium chloride from a reaction was 82.38%. theoretically, the expected amount should have been 105 grams. what was the actual yield from this reaction? caco3 hcl → cacl2 co2 h2o 105.3 grams 101.1 grams 95.6 grams 86.5 grams
Answers
The actual theoretically yield from this reaction is 86.5 grams.
What is theoretically yield?
Theoretical yield is the quantity of a product obtained from the complete conversion of the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction. It is the amount of product resulting from a perfect (theoretical) chemical reaction, and thus not the same as the amount you'll actually get from a reaction in the lab.∵ The percentage yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield) * 100.
To calculate the theoretical yield from the balanced reaction:
CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O,
It is clear that 1 mole of CaCO₃ reacts with 2 mole of HCl to produce 1 mole of CaCl₂, 1 mole of CO₂, and 1 mole H₂O.
to calculate the no. of moles of 95.0 g CaCO₃
n = mass/molar mass = (95.0 g)/(100.0869 g/mole) = 0.95 mol.
Using cross multiplication:
1 mole of CaCO₃ produce → 1 mole of CaCl₂, from stichiometry.
∴ 0.95 mole of CaCO₃ produce → 0.95 mole of CaCl₂.
∴ The mass of CaCl₂ (theoretical yield) = (no. of moles) * (molar mass) ⇒(0.95 mole)*(110.98 g/mole) = 105.34 g.
∵ The percentage yield = (actual yield/theoretical yield)*100.
The percentage yield = 82.15%, theoretical yield = 105.34 g.
∴ The actual yield of CaCl₂ = (The percentage yield)(theoretical yield)/100
= (82.15%)(105.34 g)/100 = 86.53 g ≅ 86.5 g.
So, the actual theoretically yield from this reaction is 86.5 grams.
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Question 1
1. Na2O + H20 --->
NaOH
A. Single Replacement
B. Double Replacement
c. Decomposition
D. Synthesis
E. Combustion
Answers
Answer: D. Synthesis
Explanation:
Sodium Oxide + Water = Sodium Hydroxide
Substance A undergoes a first order reaction A → B with a half-life of 20 min at 25 °C. If the initial concentration of A in a sample is 1.6 M, what will be the concentration of A after 80 min? (A) 0.40 M(B) 0.20 M (C) 0.10 M (D) 0.050 M
Answers
0.10 M will be the concentration of A after 80 min.
We need to use the equation for first order reactions, which is: ln[A]t = -kt + ln[A]0, where [A]t is the concentration of A at time t, k is the rate constant, and [A]0 is the initial concentration of A.
We are given that the half-life of the reaction is 20 minutes, which means that k = ln2/20 = 0.03465 min^-1.
We can now use this value of k to find the concentration of A after 80 minutes:
ln[A]80 = -0.03465 x 80 + ln(1.6)
ln[A]80 = -2.772 + 0.470
ln[A]80 = -2.302
To get the concentration of A, we need to take the antilog of this value:
[A]80 = e^-2.302
[A]80 = 0.099 M
Therefore, the answer is (C) 0.10 M.
Substance A undergoes a first-order reaction A → B with a half-life of 20 minutes at 25 °C. The initial concentration of A is 1.6 M. To determine the concentration of A after 80 minutes, we can use the half-life concept. Since 80 minutes is equivalent to 4 half-lives (80 minutes / 20 minutes per half-life), we can calculate the concentration as follows:
1st half-life (20 min): 1.6 M / 2 = 0.8 M
2nd half-life (40 min): 0.8 M / 2 = 0.4 M
3rd half-life (60 min): 0.4 M / 2 = 0.2 M
4th half-life (80 min): 0.2 M / 2 = 0.1 M
Therefore, the concentration of A after 80 minutes will be 0.1 M (Option C).
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The velocity (speed) of an object was determined to be 45 miles per
hour. Convert this speed to kilometers per hour if one kilometer equals
0.62 miles. *
Please show work thanks you
Answers
Answer: 72.58 km/hr
Explanation:
\(\frac{45 miles}{1 hour}\)×\(\frac{1 km}{0.62 miles}\) = 72.58 km/hr
Answer:
it is 72.9 km/h
Explanation:
just multiply 45 * 1.62 = ~72.9
Carbonate buffers are important in regulating the PH of blood at7.40 . what is the concentration ratio of CO2 ( usually writtenH2CO3) to HCO3- in blood at PH=7.40?
H2CO3(aq)====HCO3-(aq) + H+ (aq) Ka=4.3*10^-7
b) phosphate buffers are important in regulating the PH ofintracellular fluids at PH values generally between 7.1 and 7.2.
what is the concentration ratio of H2PO4- to HPO4 -2 inintercellular fluid at PH=7.15?
H2PO4-(aq)=====HPO4 -2(aq) + H+(aq) Ka=6.2*10^-8
c) why is the buffer composed of h3PO4 and H2PO4- ineffective inbuffering the PH of intercellular fluid?
H3PO4(aq)=====H2PO4-(aq) + H+(aq) Ka=7.5*10^-3
Answers
Main Answer:
The concentration ratio of CO2 (H2CO3) to HCO3- in blood at pH 7.40 is determined by the equilibrium constant (Ka) of the reaction. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, the ratio can be calculated as follows:
\(\[\frac{{[\text{{H2CO3}}]}}{{[\text{{HCO3-}}]}} = \frac{{\text{{Ka}}}}{{[\text{{H+}}]}}\]\)
What is the concentration ratio of CO2 (H2CO3) to HCO3- in blood at pH 7.40?At pH 7.40, the concentration of H+ in blood is 10^(-7.40). Given that the Ka value for the reaction is 4.3 x 10^(-7), the concentration ratio of CO2 (H2CO3) to HCO3- can be calculated as:
\(\[\frac{{[\text{{H2CO3}}]}}{{[\text{{HCO3-}}]}} = \frac{{4.3 \times 10^{-7}}}{{10^{-7.40}}}\]\)
After solving this equation, we find that the concentration ratio of CO2 to HCO3- in blood at pH 7.40 is approximately 19.25.
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Under a pressure of 1.7 atm, a confined gas has a volume of 710 mL. At constant temperature, the pressure is increased until the gas has a volume of 810 mL. What is the new pressure?
Answers
The new pressure is 1.47 atm.
What is pressure?The force delivered to a surface per unit area is measured as pressure. In the SI system, it is measured in terms of N/m2 (Pascals) and is defined as the force per unit area. A weight placed on a surface, the expansion of a gas, or a change in the height of a liquid column are just a few examples of how pressure can be produced.
How do you determine it?The ideal gas law can be used to determine the new pressure. The Ideal Gas Law can be found in:
PV = nRT
where n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, P is the pressure, V is the volume, T is the temperature (in kelvin).
We can assume that the product of nRT is constant because the temperature is constant. Consequently, we can write:
P1V1 = P2V2
where P1 denotes the starting pressure, V1 the starting volume, and P2 the ending pressure, V2 the ending volume.
If we substitute the values provided, we get:
P1 = 1.7 atm
V1 is 710 mL (0.71 L), and V2 is 810 mL (0.81 L).
So, P2 = P1*V1/V2, which is 1.7 atm * 0.71 L/0.81 L, or 1.47 atm.
Consequently, the new pressure is 1.47 atm.
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The swimmer moves her hand down and to the left and her body goes forward
to the right. *
Which law ??
Answers
Answer:Newton’s first law
Explanation:
PLEASE ASNWER QUICK!!!! AND RIGHT ANSWERS!! 50 POINTS!!
2C2H2 (g) + 5O2(g) --> 4CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
How many liters of C2H2 are required to produce 8 L of CO2 assuming the reaction is at STP?
Answers
According to the balanced chemical equation, 2 moles of C2H2 produce 4 moles of CO2. Therefore, 1 mole of C2H2 produces 2 moles of CO2.
At STP, 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L.
So, to produce 8 L of CO2, we need (8/22.4) = 0.3571 moles of CO2.
Since 1 mole of C2H2 produces 2 moles of CO2, we need (0.3571/2) = 0.1786 moles of C2H2.
Finally, using the ideal gas law, we can calculate the volume of C2H2 required at STP:
V = nRT/P = (0.1786 mol)(0.0821 L·atm/mol·K)(273 K)/(1 atm) = 3.87 L
Therefore, 3.87 L of C2H2 are required to produce 8 L of CO2 at STP.
Calculate AH for the following reaction.
C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g)
(ΔHf° for C2H4(g) = 52.5 kJ/mol; ΔHf° for C2H6(g) = -84.7 kJ/mol)
a. -137.2 kJ
b. -32.2 kJ
c. 32.2 kJ
d. 137.2 kJ
Answers
Answer:
a.-137.2 kJ
Explanation:
If the first example symbol used is addition you can copy the plus and follow it how to solve the next!And also if the negative or positive sign.
Explain why electrons in atoms are often described in terms of electron clouds.
Answers
for the reaction, ca (s) and hcl (aq), write the molecular, complete ionic and net ionic equations
Answers
The molecular equation shows the overall chemical reaction, the complete ionic equation shows the species in their ionic form, and the net ionic equation shows only the species that participate in the reaction.
When calcium metal is added to hydrochloric acid solution, a reaction takes place and calcium chloride and hydrogen gas are produced. The chemical equation for this reaction is:
Ca (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)
The molecular equation shows all the reactants and products in their undissociated form:
Ca (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)
The complete ionic equation shows all the reactants and products in their ionic form, including the spectator ions:
Ca (s) + 2H⁺ (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq) → Ca²⁺ (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq) + H₂ (g)
The net ionic equation shows only the species that are involved in the chemical reaction, leaving out the spectator ions:
Ca (s) + 2H⁺ (aq) → Ca²⁺ (aq) + H₂ (g)
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Explain how the digestive/excretory system is similar to a recycling center
Answers
Answer:
The digestive system is a system where our body breaks down food to acquire important nutrients. This is the same as your local recycling center because they collect and breaks the plastic down to be reused into recycled products.
The excretory system is a system where we remove excess unnecessary materials. This can be the same as the recycling center because they remove unnecessary materials (such as trash that is not meant to be recycled).
What is a disadvantage of using solar energy?
Answers
Answer:
associated with "greenhouse gases " ..There are some toxic materials used during the process of solar systems which can indirectly affect the environment
List down the observations made by Rutherford during the gold foil experiment.
Answers
Answer:
1) The volume occupied by an atom is composed of mainly empty space
2) Atoms have a very small, relatively dense, central nucleus that is positively charged
3) The region around the nucleus of an atom are orbited by negatively charged electrons in a the same fashion planets orbit around the Sun.
Explanation:
The selection of gold for the gold foil experiment was due to its ability to be rolled into extremely thin sheets such that it was expected for alpha particle to perforate or pass through the foil.
a chemical reaction is found to have a Keq of 29. What general statement can be made about the ratio of products to reactants in the solution of equilibrium?
Answers
A Keq value of 29 suggests that the products are strongly favored over the reactants at equilibrium, and the ratio of the concentration of products to the concentration of reactants is 29:1.
The equilibrium constant, Keq, for a chemical reaction is a measure of the relative concentrations of products and reactants at equilibrium. If the value of Keq for a reaction is greater than 1, it indicates that the products are favored at equilibrium, and if Keq is less than 1, it indicates that the reactants are favored. In the case of a Keq of 29, it suggests that the products are significantly favored over the reactants at equilibrium.
More specifically, the Keq value indicates the ratio of the concentration of products to the concentration of reactants at equilibrium. A Keq of 29 indicates that the concentration of products is 29 times greater than the concentration of reactants at equilibrium. This suggests that the reaction strongly favors the formation of products, and the equilibrium is shifted towards the products side.
It is important to note that the value of Keq is temperature-dependent and can change with changes in temperature. A decrease in temperature can cause the equilibrium to shift towards the reactants, while an increase in temperature can shift it towards the products. However, at any given temperature, a Keq value greater than 1 indicates that the reaction is proceeding towards the products side, and a Keq value less than 1 indicates that it is proceeding towards the reactants side.
In summary, a Keq value of 29 suggests that the products are strongly favored over the reactants at equilibrium, and the ratio of the concentration of products to the concentration of reactants is 29:1.
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Which element listed below is a nonmetal?
O A. sodium (Na)
O B. magnesium (Mg)
O C. iron (Fe)
OD. chlorine (CI)
Answers
Answer:
D: Chlorine( I may be wrong my chemistry year was a nightmare)
The awnser is chlorine (Cl) trust me
The movement of broken down pieces of rock from one place to another is called
A. Deposition
B. Erosion
C. Weathering
D. Sediment
Answers
Answer:
The answer I believe is B. Erosion
Explanation:
Just sounds better than all the other choices.
Answer:
erosion b
Explanation:
it breaks down the rocks i remembered this in 4th grade :)
Place the characteristics for each phase of matter into the table where it belongs
Answers
Answer:
Solid- Definite shape
Solid and Liquid- Definite volume, Not easy to compress, if at all
Gas- No Definite Volume
Liquid and Gas- No Definite shape
The characteristics for each phase of matter in the table where it belongs are as follows:
Solids: Definite shape, very little particle motion. Liquids: Fluid motion. Gases: No Definite Volume, easily compressed. Solids and liquids: Definite volume, Not easy to compress, if at all. Liquids and Gases: No Definite shape, constant, fast particle motion. What are the different States of matter?The states of matter may be defined as the three distinct physical forms which matter can take in most environments. They are as follows:
Solid.Liquid.Gas.Each of the states of matter significantly possesses specific chemical and physical properties. For example, solids generally have a definite volume, are relatively rigid, and atoms or molecules are attached to each other very compactly.
Liquids possess a definite volume and have the ability to alter their shape through flowing. The atoms are loosely bonded to one another.
Gas has no definite volume or shape. This state of matter is easily compressed as well.
Therefore, the characteristics for each phase of matter in the table where it belongs are well described.
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2 of 4 examples as to why humans are the most dangerous creatures in the ocean
Answers
Answer
We kill animals and we are creul :)
Explanation:
Your welcome
a reaction takes place in a flexible container initially at 298 k and volume of 3.00 liters. a reaction takes place causes the container to decrease in volume to 2.50 liters and its temperature becomes 273 k. what is the sign of the enthalpy change involved in this reaction and what is the sign of the work being done?
Answers
The sign of the enthalpy change involved in the reaction is negative and the sign of work done is also negative.
A reaction takes place in a flexible container initially at 298 K and volume 3L .then reaction takes place causes decrease in the volume to 2.5L and its temperature becomes 273 K.
T1 = 298 K
V1 = 3 L
V2 = 2.5 L
T2 = 273 K
The Enthalpy change is the name given to the amount of heat evolved or absorbed in a reaction carried out at constant pressure. It is given the symbol ΔH.
H = U+PV
sign of enthalpy change involved in the reaction,
Volume decreases --> PV will decrease
T decreases --> change in energy decreases
so the enthalpy change must be negative, since the change or content of energy is getting lower and same in work done.
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What is wrong with writing the electron configuration of a ground state atom as 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 ?
Answers
Answer:
Writing of the subshells
Explanation:
Given configuration:-
\(\\ \sf\longmapsto 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^63d^{10}4s^2\)
Actual configuration:-
\(\\ \sf\longmapsto 1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}\)
This is because 4s orbital is less in energy than that of 3d
1. Which statement about enzymes is incorrect? *
A. Enzymes can speed up or slow down a chemical reaction.
B. Enzymes are not consumed during the reaction in which they are involved.
C. Enzymes are proteins capable of lowering activation energy.
D. There are enzymes that interact with one enantiomer but not the other.
Answers
There are enzymes that interact with one enantiomer but not the other is incorrect. The interaction of some enzymes with one enantiomer but not the other.
Enzymes are proteins that are capable of lowering the activation energy and speeding up or slowing down a chemical reaction. It means that enzymes do not alter the energy of the reactants and products of the reaction; they only affect the activation energy. The enzymes are not consumed during the reaction in which they are involved, and they remain the same after the reaction.
Therefore, they can be used over and over again to catalyze the same reaction. Enzymes are stereospecific, meaning they can interact with specific stereoisomers of a compound. There are enzymes that interact with one enantiomer but not the other, which is incorrect because enzymes interact with specific enantiomers of a compound. Enzymes are stereospecific, meaning they can interact with specific stereoisomers of a compound.
The incorrect statement about enzymes is option D. There are enzymes that interact with one enantiomer but not the other. Enzymes are not consumed during a reaction, and they are proteins that can speed up or slow down chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
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how many carbon atoms are in C6H14N4O2
a.4
b.2
c.6
d.14
Answers
Answer:
6
Explanation:
Answer:
6
Explanation:
C6
Carbon 6
List six gases and the methods suitable to dry them
Answers
1. calcium chloride suitable method is Chemical drying method.
2. Hydrogen chloride, suitable method is Absorption method.
3. Methane, suitable method is Adsorption method.
4. Naphtha, suitable method is condensation method.
5. Calcium chloride, suitable method is Chemical method.
6. Hydrogen fluoride, suitable method is Absorption method.
What are gases?
Gases are samples of matter that has no fixed shape and takes the shape of the container it is filled into.
Gases such as calcium chloride can be dried through chemical drying method.
In conclusion, gases has no fixed shape and takes the shape of the container it occupies.
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!please help me if u can asap!ty!
1. How many moles of potassium are present in 4.23 x 10^25 potassium atoms? (show solution)
Answers
Answer:
70.27 molesExplanation:
To find the number of moles in a substance given it's number of entities we use the formula
\(n = \frac{N}{L} \\ \)
where n is the number of moles
N is the number of entities
L is the Avogadro's constant which is
6.02 × 10²³ entities
From the question we have
\(n = \frac{4.23 \times {10}^{25} }{6.02 \times {10}^{23} } \\ = 70.265780...\)
We have the final answer as
70.27 molesHope this helps you
The density of enthanol is 0.789 g/ml at 20 c what is the mass of a sample of ethanol at this temperature that has a volume of 175.0 ml?
Answers
The mass of a sample of ethanol at 20°C is with volume 175.0 mL and density 0.789 g/mL is 138.075 g.
Density is defined as the mass of a substance per unit volume. It is denoted by ρ.
The mass of a substance when the density and volume is given can be found by using the formula -
Density = mass
volume
ρ = m
v
Given data -
volume of ethanol = 175.0 mL
density = 0.789 g/mL
So, the mass is -
Mass = density x volume
mass = 0.789 g/mL x 175.0 mL
mass = 138.075 g
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TRUE/FALSE. protein molecules are chains of subunits called amino acids.
Answers
Protein molecules are chains of subunits called amino acids. The statement is true.
Proteins are composed of chemical 'building blocks' known as amino acids. Amino acids are used by the body to build and repair muscles and bones, as well as to produce hormones and enzymes. They can also be used as a source of energy.
Protein is also an crucial component of the procedure that gives fuel and transport oxygen throughout your body in your blood. It also aids in the formation of substances referred to as antibodies that fight infections as well as illnesses, and also in the maintenance of healthy cells and the formation of new ones.
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What is the name of the Group 17 elements ?
Answers
Answer:
Halogen, any of the six nonmetallic elements that constitute Group 17 (Group VIIa) of the periodic table. The halogen elements are fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I), astatine (At), and tennessine (Ts).
The name of the Group 17 elements is called halogens
What is the name of group 17 elements?The group 17 elements are very reactive elements. Members of this group include:
Fluorine (F)Chlorine (Cl)Bromine (Br)Iodine (I)Astatine (At)The group 17 element are known to produce salts as they react with metals. Hence, they are called halogens
The group 17 elements are have 7 valence electrons and they required one electron to attain the stable octet configuration of the noble gas family.
From the above, we can see that the name of group 17 elements is halogens
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