which pair of atoms have the most similar atomic radius? question 37 options: si and ge si and se si and ga si and ar

The volume of carbon dioxide measured at 25 °C and 741 torr is 12.5L.

How is volume related to temperature?

The Charles' law concept was later updated by Joseph Gay-Lussac and generalized in 1802. At extremely high temperatures and low pressures, gases adhere to Charles' law. It can be obtained from the kinetic theory of gases under the assumption of an ideal gas and is a specific case of the general gas law.

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is linearly proportional to temperature at constant pressure.

"The volume of a fixed mass of a gas reduces when it is cooled and rises when the temperature is raised. The volume of the gas rises by 1/273 of its initial volume at 0 °C for every degree of temperature rise. Let Vo and Vt represent the gas's volumes at 0 C and t C, respectively.

The balanced equation is :

CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) => CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

50 g of CaCO3 × 1mole/100.1 g × 1 mol CO2 / 1 mol CaCO3 = 0.50 mol CO2

2.00 M HCl × 0.750 L/ 1mol × 1 mol CO2 / 2 mol HCl = 0.75 mol CO2

CaCO3 is the limiting reagent.

So, 0.50 mol CO2 will be produced.

V = 0.50 × 0.0821 L atm mol -1 K -1 ×(25+273) / 741 torr ×{ 1 atm /760 torr}

Volume = 12.5 L

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Answer:

Death in the Water: How Plastic Is Poisoning Our Oceans

Liz Greene February 17, 2017

We live in a society obsessed with convenience, and that obsession has made plastic king. Though humankind has greatly benefited from plastic, the environmental costs of this reigning polymer may bring about our downfall. Traveling from land to sea in the wind or through waterways, plastic pollution is causing extensive damage to our marine life and giving life to one of the greatest ecological disasters of our times.

Plastic has been collecting in the marine environment since plastic production began in the 1950s — in fact, each square mile of the ocean contains more than 46,000 pieces of floating plastic. Eight million metric tons of plastics make their way into the ocean each year, hitching a ride on the currents and reaching the furthest corners of our seas — even turning up in the Antarctic wilderness. Simply put, the world’s oceans are becoming a toxic soup of plastic and other debris, and all life is being negatively affected.

Unfortunately, plastic doesn’t biodegrade — though it does eventually photodegrade (i.e., break down into smaller fragments by exposure to the sun). Photodegradation of plastic continues to the molecular level, yet photodegraded plastic remains a polymer. No matter how minute the pieces, they will always be plastic. Unlike naturally based paper or glass, they are not absorbed into or changed by natural processes — plastic never truly goes away.

Explanation:

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Answer:

the amount of valence electron, cna be found in the periodic table, which is called the atomic number which is top of the symbol

hope this helps!!! best fo luck to you

In order to answer the question first we must write the atomic number of each element:

Zirconium (Zr): 40

Cadmium (Cd): 48

Iridium (Ir): 77

Iron (Fe): 26

Then, we have to complete the distribution of electrons in each orbital for each atom:

The first 4 levels have the following distribution:

Level1: 1s

Number of electrones: 2

Level 2: 2s, 2p

Number of electrones 8 (2 in the s orbital and 6 in the p orbitals).

Level3: 3s, 3p, 3d

Number of electrones 18 (2 in the s orbital, 6 in the p orbital and 10 in the d orbitals)

Level 4: 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f

Number of electrones 32 (2 in the s orbital, 6 in the p orbitals, 10 in the d orbitals and 14 in the f orbitals)

The order in which the orbitlas are completed depends on the energy of each level. For example the 4s orbitals will be completed before the 3d orbitals because their energy is lower.

The order is as follows:

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p...

Now, knowing the atomic number we can answer the question:

For Zirconium (total 40 electrones):

2 electrones are predicted in the 4d orbital

For Cadmium (total 48 electrones):

10 electrones are predicted in the 4d orbital

For iridium, as it has an atomic number higher than Cadmium we can predict tha it also complets the 4d orbital, then it has also 10 electrones in it.

For iron (total 26 electrones)

Iron has no electrones in the 4d orbitals

The potential energy diagram is a common way of depicting the reaction profile. The following are true about the diagram;

A potential energy diagram is a diagram that shows the conversion of reactants to products. It can tell us whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.

1) From the diagram, the activation energy of the reaction = 65 kJ - 30 kJ = 35 kJ

2) The enthalpy change of this reaction = 55kJ - 30 kJ = 25kJ.

3) The slope of the diagram is positive.

4) The reaction is endothermic.

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Answer:

This explanation could be improved by specifying the two substances being compared and giving more detailed information about their properties, such as their chemical structure, molecular formula, and other physical and chemical characteristics. Additionally, describing why the two substances have different properties, such as differences in bonding type or molecular arrangement, could provide a more comprehensive explanation.

The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is (PSiO2)4/(PSi2H6)2(PO2)7. Hence, the correct option is C.

In this expression, the concentrations of the reactants (Si2H6 and O2) are raised to the power of their respective stoichiometric coefficients, and the concentration of the product (SiO2) is raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient. The concentration of the liquid product (H2O) is not included in the equilibrium constant expression because it is in the liquid state.

The correct expression for the equilibrium constant (K) for the given reaction is:

C. (PSiO2)4/(PSi2H6)2(PO2)7

Therefore, the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction is (PSiO2)4/(PSi2H6)2(PO2)7.

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The mass of water produced by the reaction of 1 mole of ethanol is 0.0764 g.

The chemical equation for the reaction of ethanol (C₂H₅OH) with oxygen gas (O₂) to form water (H₂O) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is;

C₂H₅OH + 3O₂ → 2H₂O + 2CH₃COOH

From the equation, we see that for every mole of ethanol that reacts, 2 moles of water are produced. Therefore, we can calculate the number of moles of ethanol involved in the reaction by dividing the mass of ethanol by its molar mass (46.07 g/mol).

moles of ethanol =mass of ethanol/molar mass of ethanol

moles of ethanol = (Assuming a typical wine with 13% ethanol and 750 mL volume)

0.13 x 750 mL / 1000 mL/L x 1 kg/1000 g = 0.0975 kg / 46.07 g/mol

moles of ethanol = 0.00212 mol

Using stoichiometry, we can then determine the number of moles of water produced by the reaction;

moles of water = 2 x moles of ethanol

moles of water = 2 x 0.00212 mol

moles of water = 0.00424 mol

Finally, we can calculate the mass of water produced by multiplying the number of moles of water by its molar mass (18.02 g/mol).

mass of water=moles of water x molar mass of water

mass of water = 0.00424 mol x 18.02 g/mol

mass of water = 0.0764 g

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Calcium is classified as a metal because it exhibits many of the typical physical and chemical properties of metals.

Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It is classified as a metal because it exhibits many of the typical physical and chemical properties of metals.

Like other metals, calcium is a good conductor of electricity and heat, and it has a shiny luster when freshly cut. It is also malleable and ductile, meaning it can be hammered or drawn into thin wires.

In addition, calcium readily loses electrons to form positively charged ions, which is a characteristic property of metals. This ability to lose electrons contributes to calcium's reactivity with water and other substances.

Therefore, due to these characteristic properties and behaviors, calcium is classified as a metal in the periodic table of elements.

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Explanation:

When an atom has an equal number of electrons and protons, it has an equal number of negative electric charges (the electrons) and positive electric charges (the protons). The total electric charge of the atom is therefore zero and the atom is said to be neutral. ... Chemically, we say that the atoms have formed bonds.

The correct match are: q = nCAT for Heating or cooling within a phase if moles are given, q = NAΔH for Heating or cooling during a phase change, and q = mcΔT for Heating or cooling within a phase if mass is given.

q = nCAT is used to calculate Heat lost or gained when heating or cooling within a phase if moles are given. In this equation, n is the number of moles, C is the heat capacity of the substance, A is the temperature change.

q = NAΔH is used to calculate Heat lost or gained when heating or cooling during a phase change. In this equation, N is the number of moles, ΔH is the enthalpy of fusion or vaporization.

q = mcΔT is used to calculate Heat lost or gained when heating or cooling within a phase if mass is given. In this equation, m is the mass of the substance, c is the specific heat capacity of the substance, ΔT is the temperature change.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

Because speed is a scalar quantity which he has only magnitude and no direction while velocity is a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.

The object and the reservoir have the same temperature: In thermal equilibrium, the temperature of the object and the temperature of the reservoir are equal. There is no net heat transfer occurring between the two.

There is no change in temperature over time: In thermal equilibrium, the temperature of the object remains constant over time. There is no net flow of heat between the object and the reservoir.The object and the reservoir are in thermal contact: For thermal equilibrium to be achieved, the object and the reservoir must be in direct or indirect thermal contact. This allows for the transfer of thermal energy between them until their temperatures equalize.

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Answer:

a.cl

b.O

c.O

d.S

e.N

f.p

g.N

Answer:

to collect pure hydrogen and avoid mixing with air

The percent yield for the production of nitrogen dioxide can be calculated using the formula: Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100. In this case, the actual yield is given as 1,500 kg of nitrogen dioxide per day, and the theoretical yield can be determined based on the stoichiometry of the reaction.

From the balanced equation, we can see that the stoichiometric ratio between nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is 2:2. Therefore, for every 2 moles of nitrogen oxide consumed, 2 moles of nitrogen dioxide are produced.

To calculate the theoretical yield, we need to convert the given mass of nitrogen oxide to moles. The molar mass of nitrogen oxide (NO) is 30 g/mol, so 1,500 kg is equal to 50,000 moles. Since the stoichiometric ratio is 2:2, the theoretical yield of nitrogen dioxide is also 50,000 moles.

Now we can calculate the percent yield:

Percent yield = (1,500 kg / 50,000 moles) x 100 = 3%

Therefore, the percent yield for the production of nitrogen dioxide is 3%. None of the given answer options match this result, so it seems there might be an error in the provided choices.

The given chemical equation represents the combustion of nitrogen oxide to produce nitrogen dioxide. According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, 2 moles of nitrogen oxide react with 1 mole of oxygen gas (O2) to produce 2 moles of nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

In the plant, it is stated that 1,500 kg of nitrogen oxide is consumed per day to produce an equal amount (1,500 kg) of nitrogen dioxide per day. To determine the percent yield, we need to compare the actual yield (1,500 kg) to the theoretical yield.

To calculate the theoretical yield, we need to convert the given mass of nitrogen oxide to moles. The molar mass of nitrogen oxide is calculated to be 30 g/mol. By dividing the mass of nitrogen oxide (1,500 kg) by its molar mass (30 g/mol), we find that there are 50,000 moles of nitrogen oxide consumed.

Since the stoichiometry of the reaction tells us that the ratio between nitrogen oxide and nitrogen dioxide is 2:2, the theoretical yield of nitrogen dioxide is also 50,000 moles.

Finally, we can calculate the percent yield using the formula: Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100. Substituting the values, we get (1,500 kg / 50,000 moles) x 100 = 3%.

Therefore, the percent yield for the production of nitrogen dioxide in the given plant is 3%, which does not match any of the provided answer options.

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Benzene + CH3Cl/AlCl3 → Toluene AND Toluene + H2SO4/H3PO4 → p-toluenesulfonic acid the synthesis of o-bromonitrobenzene and p-toluenesulfonic acid starting from benzene.

1. To make o-bromonitrobenzene from benzene, you would need to first convert benzene to nitrobenzene by reacting it with nitric acid in the presence of sulfuric acid. This reaction is called nitration.

Once you have nitrobenzene, you can then react it with bromine in the presence of a catalyst such as iron or aluminum bromide to produce o-bromonitrobenzene. The reaction is called bromination.

Overall reaction:

Benzene + HNO3/H2SO4 → Nitrobenzene
Nitrobenzene + Br2/Fe or AlBr3 → o-bromonitrobenzene

2. To make p-toluenesulfonic acid from benzene, you would first need to convert benzene to toluene by reacting it with methyl chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride. This reaction is called Friedel-Crafts alkylation.

Once you have toluene, you can then react it with sulfuric acid in the presence of a catalyst such as phosphoric acid to produce p-toluenesulfonic acid. The reaction is called sulfonation.

Overall reaction:

Benzene + CH3Cl/AlCl3 → Toluene
Toluene + H2SO4/H3PO4 → p-toluenesulfonic acid
the synthesis of o-bromonitrobenzene and p-toluenesulfonic acid starting from benzene.

1. To synthesize o-bromonitrobenzene:
Step 1: Nitration of benzene - Treat benzene with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to form nitrobenzene.
Step 2: Bromination of nitrobenzene - Treat nitrobenzene with bromine (Br2) in the presence of iron(III) bromide (FeBr3) as a catalyst to obtain o-bromonitrobenzene.

2. To synthesize p-toluenesulfonic acid:
Step 1: Friedel-Crafts alkylation - Treat benzene with methyl chloride (CH3Cl) in the presence of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) as a catalyst to form toluene.
Step 2: Sulfonation of toluene - Treat toluene with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at high temperature (100-130°C) to obtain p-toluenesulfonic acid.

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The percentage of total kcal comes from protein is 21%.

Given data:Kcal in one cheeseburger = 340 kcal.Protein in one cheeseburger = 18 grams.The formula to calculate the percentage of total kcal comes from protein is:Percentage of total kcal from protein = (Total protein kcal/Total kcal) × 100First, calculate the total protein kcal.Total protein kcal = Protein × 4 (As per the given data, 1 gram protein = 4 kcal)Total protein kcal = 18 × 4Total protein kcal = 72 kcal

Now, calculate the percentage of total kcal from protein.Percentage of total kcal from protein = (Total protein kcal/Total kcal) × 100Percentage of total kcal from protein = (72/340) × 100Percentage of total kcal from protein = 0.21 × 100Percentage of total kcal from protein = 21%.Hence, the percentage of total kcal comes from protein is 21%.

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Compounds in which only dispersion forces exist between the molecules are option iii. CCl4  &  iv. CO2.

A nonpolar covalent molecule would have the most effective dispersion forces with another nonpolar covalent molecule.

The compounds in which only dispersion forces exist between the molecules are: iii. CCl4  &  iv. CO2

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Most elements' names end in the suffix -ium this practice started around the year 1800, with many elements discovered before that having a more common name however, some elements are more recently discovered and don't end in -ium because element name start with the latin name and then it give suffix to the element

The ium in helium can be thought of carrying the meaning 'derived from' with the hel part representing greek helios means sun it having being inferred that helium was present in sun atmosphere and the ium suffix is a latin suffix which forms abstract nouns, thus it is used to form chemical elements name from its naming origin

There are 81 elements that end in the suffix ium or um which is derived from the latin and it is denoted a metallic substances

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In DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), the better nucleophile between CH3O- (methoxide ion) and CH3OH (methanol) is CH3O-.

Nucleophilicity is a measure of a species' ability to donate an electron pair and form a new bond with an electrophile. Factors that influence nucleophilicity include charge, electronegativity, and the solvent in which the reaction takes place.
In this case, CH3O- has a negative charge on the oxygen atom, making it a stronger nucleophile compared to CH3OH, where the oxygen atom only has a lone pair of electrons without any formal charge. The negative charge on the oxygen in CH3O- indicates a higher electron density, which increases its ability to donate electrons and form a bond with an electrophile.
Additionally, DMSO is a polar aprotic solvent, meaning it does not have any acidic protons that can participate in hydrogen bonding. Polar aprotic solvents tend to favour the nucleophilicity of anions over neutral species like CH3OH. This further supports CH3O- being the better nucleophile in DMSO compared to CH3OH.
In summary, CH3O- is a better nucleophile than CH3OH in DMSO due to its negative charge and the solvent's polar aprotic nature, which enhances the nucleophilicity of charged species.

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Answer:

he mass in grams of one mole of substance is called molar mass. Each element has its own unique molar mass. For example, carbons molar mass is 12.011 g/mol, and magnesium's molar mass is 24.3050 g/mol. To see why these elements have different molar masses, we need to remember that the atoms of different elements contain different numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons, so they have different masses. The atomic masses given in the periodic table inside the front cover of this book represent the different weighted average masses of the naturally occurring atoms of each element. Different atomic masses lead to different molar masses.

For example, the atomic mass of magnesium (24.3050) shows us that the average mass of magnesium atoms is about twice the average mass of carbon atoms (12.011), so the mass of 6.022 x 1023 magnesium atoms (the number of atoms in 1 mole of magnesium) is about twice the mass of 6.022 x 1023 carbon atoms (the number of atoms in 1 mole of carbon). Thus the molar mass of magnesium is 24.3050 g/mol, compared to carbons molar mass of 12.011 g/mol.

Explanation:

Answer:

high density high melting points good conductors of heat 2. nacl caco

AL2S3 Agno3 H20

Explanation:

.

Answer:

General characteristics of metals:

- Lustrous

- Malleable

- Ductile

- Good conductors of heat and electricity

Five compounds of metals:

- Organnonmetallic

- Organic

- Metal oxide

- Sulfides

- Halides

Explanation:

A spring tide occurs when there is a new or full moon in the solar system.

This is the type of tide which occurs when the sun, moon and earth are in line and occurs between three to four times per year.

Lunar and solar tides also line up and reinforce each other to produce this type of tide.

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The most accurate method of weighing for this student to obtain the mass of crude acetanilide without pre-weighing is by taking the difference between weights of the crude acetanilide with the flask and the empty flask.

What are some of the different ways of weighing compounds in laboratory?

The most accurate way of weighing the crude acetanilide without pre-weighing is to weigh the crude acetanilide with the Erlenmeyer flask and then empty it completely and weigh the empty flask again. Then calculate the difference to get the mass of crude acetanilide.

Therefore, the weighing by difference method can be used to measure the weight of the crude acetanilide.

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Answer:

1.67 moles (find this by dividing 53.7 by the gram formula mass of sulfur, which is about 32.1)

The central atom in NF₃ is nitrogen, which undergoes sp³ hybridization. This means that it forms four hybrid orbitals, which are directed toward the corners of a tetrahedron. The approximate bond angles in NF₃ are around 107 degrees, which is slightly less than the ideal tetrahedral angle of 109.5 degrees.

The hybridization of the central atom in NF₃ (nitrogen trifluoride) is sp³. The central atom in this molecule is nitrogen (N), which forms three single bonds with three fluorine (F) atoms. In an sp³ hybridization, the central atom has four electron pairs, including three bonding pairs and one lone pair. The approximate bond angles in this substance are around 107 degrees, which is slightly less than the ideal tetrahedral angle of 109.5 degrees due to the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom.

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Answer: The new concentration of a solution of \(CaSO_{3}\) is 0.2 M 10.0 mL of a 2.0 M \(CaSO_{3}\) solution is diluted to 100 mL.

Explanation:

Given: \(V_{1}\) = 10.0 mL,      \(M_{1}\) = 2.0 M

\(V_{2}\) = 100 mL,           \(M_{2}\) = ?

Formula used to calculate the new concentration is as follows.

\(M_{1}V_{1} = M_{2}V_{2}\)

Substitute the values into above formula as follows.

\(M_{1}V_{1} = M_{2}V_{2}\\10.0 mL \times 2.0 M = M_{2} \times 100 mL\\M_{2} = 0.2 M\)

Thus, we can conclude that the new concentration of a solution of \(CaSO_{3}\) is 0.2 M 10.0 mL of a 2.0 M \(CaSO_{3}\) solution is diluted to 100 mL.