The most heat-resistant protein is the collagen, a fibrous protein that makes up a third of all body protein. This protein is predicted to be the most resistant to denaturation by heat.
Denaturation is a term used to describe the process of unfolding and breaking down proteins. It occurs when proteins are exposed to stress such as heat, extreme cold, pH changes, or chemicals that cause them to lose their unique three-dimensional structure. When proteins are denatured, their biological functions are disrupted because the active site loses its specificity for substrates. As a result, enzymes are inactivated, and protein-protein interactions are disrupted. Proteins' solubility is also affected, and they can become insoluble in aqueous solutions.
The most heat-resistant protein is the collagen, a fibrous protein that makes up a third of all body protein. This protein is predicted to be the most resistant to denaturation by heat. The reason collagen is resistant to denaturation by heat is due to its unique structure. Collagen consists of a triple helix, where three protein strands coil around each other in a rope-like structure. The triple helix is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the amino acids, making it strong and resistant to heat.Collagen is found in many connective tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, and cartilage. It gives strength, structure, and elasticity to tissues. Collagen's resistance to heat denaturation makes it useful in many industrial applications. For example, collagen can be used in the production of heat-stable films, coatings, and adhesives.
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An important step in the process of translation is
Answer:
The formation of proteins( a polypeptide chain) by using RNA as a template
It consists of three important steps;
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
Explanation:
How is burning a piece of wood a chemical change, while boiling water is not? I don’t get it....well i do but i need a answer.:/
Answer:
A burning piece of wood is a chemical change, because you alter it, and it turns to ashes, and it is irreversible, where as you can make water cold again
Answer:
youre creating a new substance in a chemical reaction
Explanation:
by boiling water, you arent making anything new. you're just changing the form of the water.
by burning wood, you're inducing a chemical reaction because some new substance is being made with the reactants
History - Provide a brief overview of the evolution of quality in the U.S. healthcare industry.
Characteristics of Quality Evolution - Describe the characteristics of quality movement in the U.S. healthcare industry.
Process Improvement - Discuss the concept of process improvement and how it integrates into the quality movement.
Discussions and Critiques Investigate at least two real world examples of the quality evolution in U.S. healthcare industry. Discuss the impact of these examples had on the quality
The U.S. healthcare industry is a complex and diverse system that provides medical services, insurance coverage, and pharmaceutical products to the population.
Overview: The evolution of quality in the U.S. healthcare industry involves a shift from quality assurance to total quality management (TQM) and the adoption of initiatives like evidence-based medicine and patient-centered care. Regulatory measures, accreditation programs, and reimbursement models tied to quality outcomes have also played a role in shaping this evolution.
Characteristics: The quality movement in the U.S. healthcare industry is characterized by a patient-centric approach, continuous improvement, data-driven decision-making, and interdisciplinary collaboration. It prioritizes meeting patient needs and outcomes, fostering a culture of enhancement and evidence-based practices. Data and quality metrics are utilized to measure progress and identify areas for improvement. The engagement of all stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, administrators, patients, and payers, is emphasized to drive quality improvement efforts.
Process Improvement: Process improvement is an integral part of the quality movement in the U.S. healthcare industry. It involves optimizing workflows and systems to enhance efficiency and improve outcomes. Methodologies like Lean, Six Sigma, and PDSA cycles are commonly used to streamline processes, eliminate waste, and standardize best practices, leading to sustainable improvements in care delivery and patient outcomes.
Real world examples:
EHRs have improved healthcare delivery by enhancing accessibility and continuity of patient information, reducing errors, and enabling evidence-based decision-making.ACOs promote collaborative care coordination, preventive services, and population health management, leading to improved outcomes, reduced hospital readmissions, and increased patient satisfaction.Learn more about PDSA cycles here:
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Sam is investigating the factors that affect photosynthesis. She keeps some plants in the dark for 24–48 hours. They receive no light. What does this remove from the plants?
Keeping the plants in the dark for 24-48 hours removes the source of light from the plants.
Light is one of the essential factors required for the process of photosynthesis in plants.
During photosynthesis, plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process takes place in specialized cell structures called chloroplasts, which contain the pigment chlorophyll that captures light energy.By depriving the plants of light for an extended period, the plants are unable to carry out photosynthesis. As a result, they are unable to generate the energy-rich molecules necessary for their growth, development, and survival.Without the presence of light, plants cannot perform the chemical reactions involved in photosynthesis and cannot produce the required carbohydrates and other organic compounds.Thus, the plant's source of light is removed by keeping them in the dark for 24 to 48 hours.
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Chemical Equation Chlorophyll Sunlight 6CO₂ +6H₂0 For the following chemical reaction, what are the products that are being formed? Check all that apply. 02 CO2 C6H12O6 C6H1206 +602 H2O
Utilizing the power of sunlight, plants and some microbes convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen through a process known as photosynthesis.
Greek words photo, which translates to "light," and synthesis, which means "bringing together," are the origins of the word "photosynthesis."
The notation for photosynthesis is as follows:
Energy = C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6CO₂ + 6H₂0
When carbon dioxide, water, and light energy are mixed, oxygen and glucose are created.The two stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reaction and the light-independent reaction.By harnessing the solar energy collected by chloroplasts in plant leaves, the light-dependent process produces a large number of electrons for the light-independent reactions.In activities that do not require light, energy from the electron supply is used to reduce carbon dioxide and produce glucose.The resulting glucose is converted into adenosine triphosphate via cellular respiration (ATP).Learn more about photosynthesis here:
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What are the 27 bones of the hand?
The human hand is a complex structure composed of 27 bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The human hand has 27 bones: the carpals or wrist accounts for 8; the metacarpals or palm contains five; the remaining fourteen are digital bones; fingers and thumb.
Scaphoid bone: located at the base of the thumb, the scaphoid bone is one of the most commonly fractured bones in the hand.
Lunate bone: located next to the scaphoid bone, the lunate bone is part of the wrist joint.
Triquetral bone: located at the base of the little finger, the triquetral bone is a small bone that helps to stabilize the wrist.
Pisiform bone: located on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist, the pisiform bone is a small, pea-shaped bone.
Trapezium bone: located at the base of the index finger, the trapezium bone is part of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
Trapezoid bone: located next to the trapezium bone, the trapezoid bone is also part of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
Capitate bone: located at the base of the middle finger, the capitate bone is the largest bone of the hand and is part of the wrist joint.
Hamate bone: located at the base of the little finger, the hamate bone is a hook-shaped bone that is part of the wrist joint.
Metacarpal bones: located between the wrist and the fingers, there are five metacarpal bones in the hand, one for each finger.
Proximal phalanges: located at the base of each finger, there are 14 proximal phalanges in the hand, three for each finger except the thumb.
Intermediate phalanges: located in the middle of each finger, there are 14 intermediate phalanges in the hand, three for each finger except the thumb.
Distal phalanges: located at the end of each finger, there are 14 distal phalanges in the hand, three for each finger except the thumb.
These 27 bones work together to provide the hand with its incredible range of motion and dexterity. The bones of the hand are also connected by a network of muscles, tendons, and ligaments that allow for movement and stability.
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IN THE YEAR 2525
Humans, after hundreds of years of constant effort, have successfully polluted all bodies of water
As a result, almost all previously known species of plant, animal, and other life have become ext
Through natural selection, genetic engineering, and selective breeding programs, a portion of the
been successfully repopulated. The following organisms are all that remain:
1. Photosynthetic sun-basking sharks. Their green fins have chlorophyll to convert sunlight to energy
(autotrophs).
2. Chemosynthetic goldfish that convert pollution to food (autotrophs).
3. Aquatic humanoids whose main diet is aqua-wheat and basking sharks. They have fins instead of legs
(heterotrophs).
4. Aqua-wheat: one of the few plants that remain, it is similar to alone.
5. Terrestrial Humanoids with 4 arms, their diet consists of butter-roaches and fuzzy hamsters.
6. Tentacled aqua humanoids, they only feed on aqua-wheat and have tentacles for arms and legs.
7. Cockroaches that feed on humanoid waste.
8. Giant Aqua-spiders that live in water and feed on goldfish and basking sharks
9. Green-haired rats that are photosynthetic.
10. Parasitic mosquitoes that feed off any humanoid
11. Ten-legged fleas that live on the photosynthetic rats and drink blood.
12. Poison Grass - this plant is a hybrid between grass and poison ivy. The plants are toxic to almost
everything (autotrophs)
13. Fuzzy hamsters with green hair that use the sunlight to make their food, thought to be related to the rats.
14, Butter-roaches;: genetic engineerinq created these butterfly-like creatures from cockroaches. Butter-
roaches eat poison grass
In the year 2525, humans have caused irreparable damage to the environment by polluting all bodies of water, leading to the extinction of several species of plants and animals. However, through natural selection, genetic engineering, and selective breeding programs, a few species have managed to survive and repopulate.
These species include photosynthetic sun-basking sharks, chemosynthetic goldfish, aquatic humanoids with fins instead of legs, terrestrial humanoids with four arms, tentacled aqua humanoids, cockroaches, giant aqua-spiders, green-haired rats, parasitic mosquitoes, ten-legged fleas, poison grass, fuzzy hamsters, and butter-roaches.
These species have adapted to their environment and developed unique ways to survive, such as using chlorophyll to convert sunlight to energy or converting pollution into food. Some of these species have even been genetically engineered to eat toxic plants or feed on humanoid waste. While the world has drastically changed, life has found a way to persist, albeit in a much different form than we know today.
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A human baby weighs 8 pounds at birth and 150 pounds as an adult. Which statement is true about the person's growth? I will give anyone a brainiest to anyone who can help me!
Answer:
Both are actually true.....
Explanation:
The average newborn weighs about 7.5 pounds. Most infants range between 6 and 9 pounds at birth. As a normal human being would weigh around 150 pounds.....
increases hcl secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle. a) secretin b) cholecystokinin c) gastric inhibitory peptide d) gastrin
Gastrin increases HCl secretion and stimulates contraction of intestinal muscle. Option d is correct.
Gastrin is a hormone secreted by the G-cells in the stomach lining. Its main function is to stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from the parietal cells in the stomach and to promote the contraction of the smooth muscle in the intestines. Gastrin is released in response to the presence of food in the stomach, particularly when the pH of the stomach contents falls below a certain level.
When gastrin is released, it travels through the bloodstream to the parietal cells in the stomach, where it binds to receptors on the cell surface. This triggers a series of intracellular signaling events that ultimately result in the secretion of HCl. Gastrin also stimulates the smooth muscle in the intestines to contract, which helps to move food through the digestive tract.
In summary, gastrin is an important hormone involved in the regulation of gastric acid secretion and intestinal motility. Hence Option d is correct.
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A frog population is split into two populations from the formation of a river. Over time
one of the frog populations become smaller and the other becomes larger. This
speciation is a result of what?
Answer:
That the lager frog population is better adapted to survive.
Explanation:
Here is an example: If you have to types of Polar Bears. Type 1 has long fur and type 2 has short fur. Which Polar Bear Type is more likely to survive in the north pole? Type 1, obviosity. The same goes for these frogs. Because one frog population is better adapted to survive than the other, it will allow the population to grow faster than the less adapted frogs.
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imagine that one egg cell unites with one sperm cell at fertiliszation nine months later twin brothers are born select all of the true statements
If one egg cell unites with one sperm cell at fertilization nine months later twin brothers are born, the brothers received their identical DNA from the mother.
One egg cell unites with one sperm cell at fertilization nine months later twin brothers are born.
There are two types of twins. In one example, dizygotic twins. It can occur when two of her eggs are present in the mother's body at the same time and both are fertilized. Each will grow into their own baby. Any baby that grows out of it will not have the same her DNA. This is because each egg and sperm does not have the same DNA. They are basically like other siblings, but were born at the same time.On the other hand, another type of twins is called identical twins. There is only one egg and only one sperm can fertilize it. A fertilized egg usually divides into a baby. However, once fertilized and division begins, the eggs can fall apart. After falling apart, each half begins to split and grow into a baby. And since these two babies came from the same fertilized egg, they have the same DNA. Dizygotic twins each have their own DNA, but identical twins share the same DNA.
Even if identical twins have exactly the same DNA, they are not exactly identical. So mothers can tell identical twin babies apart. However, identical ones have the same genotype. In any case, they are born from the same fertilized egg. Furthermore, DNA is basically like a guide for building something, so even though identical twins aren't exactly identical, the way their bodies are built is random. is able to have an identifiable fingerprint. Another important factor in why identical twins are not exactly identical is the environment in which they were raised. In other words, in basic biology, it is said that identical twins have the same DNA.
Your question is incomplete, but most probably your full question was
Imagine that one egg cell unites with one sperm cell at fertilization nine months later twin brothers are born select all of the true statements
the brothers received identical DNA from the motherthe brothers DNA not necesarilly more similar than two brothers born years apartthe brothers received identical DNA from the fatherLearn more about twin at https://brainly.com/question/20417246
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the function of the cell membrane?
prevents harmful materials from entering the cell
synthesizes proteins for the cell
creates energy used by the cell
removes waste materials from the cell
regulates uptake of materials needed by the cell
select all correct answers
Answer:
synthesize proteins for the cell
Describe how an adaptation can help an organism survive the changing environment.
The acrosome at the tip of the head contains enzymes needed to penetrate (break into) an egg cell.
The acrosome at the tip of the head contains enzymes needed to penetrate (break into) an egg cell. this enzyme is called sperm lysins.
There is a head, a neck, a middle part, and a tail in a mature sperm cell. The sperm's entire body is covered by a plasma membrane. The acrosome, a cap-like structure, covers the anterior portion of the elongated haploid nucleus in the sperm head, which has very little cytoplasm.
Enzymes that aid in ovum fertilization line the acrosome. These enzymes, which are called sperm lysins, help the sperm cell enter the ovum by breaking through the egg membrane and dissolving the membranes that surround it.
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Question in the picture
The molecules in buffalo act as the building blocks for lion because: meat from the buffalo is converted into energy. The lion then uses this energy to build up its body composition.
Building blocks are the smallest molecules that make up a large component. Food acts as the building blocks for living organisms because these are the organic molecules required for building cellular material and tissues.
Energy is the basic requirement to carry out all the processes of the body. There are various forms of energy but ATP is the most usable form in most of the organisms. It is synthesized by the mitochondria in the cells.
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Which parts of Earth are most similar to the plate with an axis angle of 80°?
Answer:
The answer is below
Explanation:
The lines of latitude run from the east to the west and is used to measure the distance from the north to the south of the equator. There are different lines of latitude such as the equator (0°), north pole (90° N), south pole (90° S).
The North and South poles are most similar to the plate with an axis angle of 80° because sunlight hits these points at least at an axis angle of 80.
The size and shape of the earth is often based on its context and precision. The North and South poles are most similar to the plate with an axis angle of 80° this is because the sunlight often strikes these points at least at an axis angle of 80.
The radius of the Earth is commonly describe as the distance from Earth's center to its surface. It is known to be about 6,371 km.
There are different lines of latitude. There is the equator line which is 0°, north pole which is 90° N and south pole which is 90° S.
The axis–angle representation of a rotation is known to shows the rotation in a three-dimensional Euclidean space using two quantities.
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7. In which direction does water move through a plant?
A. Upward from the roots
B. Sideways through the leaves
C. Downward from the leaves
Answer:
A. Upward from the Roots
Answer:
The water Moves through a plant UPWARD FROM THE ROOTS.
Explanation:
When we water the plant, we water from the root and the water goes up in the plant and that's how the every part of the plant is fully watered.
The evaporation of water from body surfaces can significantly cool an organism. This is due to what property of water?
The property of water that causes evaporation from body surfaces to significantly cool an organism is its high heat of vaporization.
The evaporation of water from body surfaces can significantly cool an organism. This is due to the property of water known as "high heat of vaporization." When water evaporates, it absorbs a large amount of heat from the surrounding environment, leading to a cooling effect on the organism.
This means that a large amount of heat energy is required to change water from a liquid to a gas state, and as water evaporates from the body's surfaces, it absorbs this heat energy, which cools the body.
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Describe and explain how the surface of the early Earth and its atmosphere have changed
to form the surface of the Earth and its atmosphere today.
Earth had essentially no atmosphere when it originated 4.6 billion years ago from a heated mixture of gases and minerals. The ground had melted on it.
An atmosphere developed when Earth cooled, primarily from gases released by volcanoes. It contained methane, hydrogen sulfide, and ten to 200 times as much carbon dioxide as the atmosphere we are surrounded by today. The Earth's surface began to cool and solidify after roughly 500 million years, allowing water to accumulate there. Although life on Earth continued to develop and diversify, such periods of expansion and development were halted by mass extinctions, in which many of the planet's major life forms were either entirely or partially wiped out and many others were freshly established. Such catastrophic extinction episodes are attributed to asteroids impacts, climate change, volcanic eruptions, etc. Dinosaurs were also wiped out in one such event. The largest problem the Earth is currently experiencing is climate change brought on by human activity. Although human activities may exterminate some species from the world, the planet will undoubtedly recover and return to its natural balance as it has for millions of years. However, the sun will ultimately wipe out Earth, as predicted by scientists. The Sun will lose its structural integrity and enlarge in volume as it ages and eventually runs out of the fuel that keeps it going—hydrogen—which will cause it to burn everything in its path, including life on Earth. In the end, the Sun would perish, leaving the Solar System permanently in the dark.
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Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells are similar in all of these aspects except
Answer:
Prokaryotic cells do NOT have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.
Explanation:
FILL THE BLANK.
"The amount of gases that can dissolve in seawater depends on
temperature and ____________________.
Group of answer choices
nutrients
depth
currents
salinity"
"The amount of gases that can dissolve in seawater depends on temperature and salinity." The quantity of dissolved salts in saltwater is known as salinity. It is one of the main elements affecting how soluble gases are in salt water.
The idea of colligative qualities can be used to explain the connection between salinity and gas solubility. The osmotic pressure produced by salts in saltwater, such as sodium chloride, has an impact on the solubility of gases.
Osmotic pressure rises in tandem with rising saltwater salinity. Gases are less soluble in water as a result of the higher osmotic pressure. Because of this, saltwater with a greater salinity has a lesser ability than seawater with a lower salinity to dissolve gases.
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Why is it important for a cell membrane to be selectively permeable?
Answer:
Since the selectively permeable character allows required components to pass in and out of the cell.
This legendary animal changes its body color as it ages and are very deep divers?
Answer:
Whales
Explanation:
Whales are known as mammals and are found in deep and larger waterbodies such as the ocean. They are great divers who can dive as far as 2,500meters in search of food for its survival.
Whales are also known to change color as they age. The color change is commonly from their grey color to white color. Some scientific study believe the color change is as a result of injuries sustained by action of humans which means the older the whales the more encounter it must have had with a human.
problems associated with heavy metals in the soil and their cleanup
Heavy metals in the soil pose several problems, both for the environment and human health. These metals, including lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, and chromium, can accumulate in the soil through various sources such as industrial activities, mining, agriculture, and improper waste disposal.
The presence of heavy metals in the soil can lead to contamination of groundwater and surface water, affecting the surrounding ecosystems and biodiversity. In terms of human health, exposure to high levels of heavy metals can cause serious health problems, including respiratory issues, neurological disorders, organ damage, and even cancer.
Cleanup of soil contaminated with heavy metals is a challenging and complex task. Various remediation techniques are employed to mitigate the risks associated with heavy metal contamination.
These techniques include physical methods such as excavation and removal of contaminated soil, soil washing, and stabilization or immobilization of the metals. Chemical methods like soil flushing and soil vapor extraction can also be used.
Additionally, biological methods such as phytoremediation, which involves using plants to extract or neutralize heavy metals, and microbial remediation, where microorganisms are utilized to degrade or transform the contaminants, are employed.
The selection of an appropriate cleanup method depends on factors such as the type and concentration of heavy metals, the extent of contamination, the site conditions, and the intended land use after remediation.
It is important to consider the long-term effectiveness, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of the chosen remediation approach. Proper management of contaminated soil and prevention of further heavy metal pollution are crucial to protect both the environment and human well-being.
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the composition of a polynomial function and another polynomial function will be a ___ function.
The composition of a polynomial function and another polynomial function will be a composite function.
A function is composed in mathematics when two functions, f and g, are used to create a new function, h, such that h(x) = g{f(x)}. In this instance, the function of x is being applied to the function of g. So, in essence, a function is an application of the result of another function. These functions are primarily polynomial functions. Thus, two polynomial functions combine to give rise to composite function.
Expressions with polynomial functions can include constants, variables with various degrees, coefficients, and positive exponents. Below are a few illustrations of polynomial functions. The simplest, most widely applied, and most significant mathematical function is a polynomial. With certain restrictions, these functions represent algebraic expressions. Example of a polynomial function:
f(x) = 3\(x^{2}\) - 5
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One parent has the blood type A and the other blood type B. What are the genotypes of the parents if they produce children with only blood type AB?
Human blood type is determined by co-dominant alleles. An allele is one of several different forms of genetic information that is present in our DNA at a specific location on a specific chromosome. There are three different alleles for human blood type, known as IA, IB, and i. For simplicity, we can call these alleles A (for IA), B (for IB), and O (for i).
Each of us has two ABO blood type alleles, because we each inherit one blood type allele from our biological mother and one from our biological father. A description of the pair of alleles in our DNA is called the genotype. Since there are three different alleles, there are a total of six different genotypes at the human ABO genetic locus. The different possible genotypes are AA, AO, BB, BO, AB, and OO.
How are blood types related to the six genotypes?
A blood test is used to determine whether the A and/or B characteristics are present in a blood sample. It is not possible to determine the exact genotype from a blood test result of either type A or type B. If someone has blood type A, they must have at least one copy of the A allele, but they could have two copies. Their genotype is either AA or AO. Similarly, someone who is blood type B could have a genotype of either BB or BO.
A blood test of either type AB or type O is more informative. Someone with blood type AB must have both the A and B alleles. The genotype must be AB. Someone with blood type O has neither the A nor the B allele. The genotype must be OO.
How are ABO alleles inherited by our children?
Each biological parent donates one of their two ABO alleles to their child. A mother who is blood type O can only pass an O allele to her son or daughter. A father who is blood type AB could pass either an A or a B allele to his son or daughter. This couple could have children of either blood type A (O from mother and A from father) or blood type B (O from mother and B from father).
Since there are 4 different maternal blood types and 4 different paternal blood types possible, there are 16 differnt combinations to consider when predicting the blood type of children. In the tables below, all 16 possible combinations are shown. If you know the blood type of the mother and father, the possible blood types for their children can be found.
What about the Rh factor? Can a father of blood type A+ have a child who is blood type A-?
The Rh factor genetic information is also inherited from our parents, but it is inherited independently of the ABO blood type alleles. There are 2 different alleles for the Rh factor known as Rh+ and Rh-. Someone who is "Rh positive" or "Rh+" has at least one Rh+ allele, but could have two. Their genotype could be either Rh+/Rh+ or Rh+/Rh-. Someone who Rh- has a genotype of Rh-/Rh-.
Just like the ABO alleles, each biological parent donates one of their two Rh alleles to their child. A mother who is Rh- can only pass an Rh- allele to her son or daughter. A father who is Rh+ could pass either an Rh+ or Rh- allele to his son or daughter. This couple could have Rh+ children (Rh- from mother and Rh+ from father) or Rh- children (Rh- from mother and Rh- from father).
What information would one use to determine the type of economic system that a country has?
The information needed would be the breakdown on who owns the businesses in the country and how much control the government has upon business regulation, taxes, etc
What is economic system ?The government plans and distributes available services, resources, and goods across the nation using an economic system as a tool. Economic systems combine wealth, labour, physical resources, and businesspeople to manage the components of production.
Countries and governments transfer resources and trade products and services through economic systems. The five production factors—labour, capital, entrepreneurs, physical resources, and information resources—are managed by them.Learn more about Economic system here:
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In some cells, there are many ion electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane, even though the only ATP-consuming transporters in the membrane pump protons (H ) . The gradients of the other ions are most likely established by ________.
In some cells, the gradients of other ions across the plasma membrane are most likely established by secondary active transporters, also known as co-transporters.
These transporters couple the movement of one ion down its electrochemical gradient to the movement of another ion against its electrochemical gradient. This allows for the establishment of a concentration gradient for the transported ion without the direct consumption of ATP. For example, the sodium-glucose co-transporter in intestinal cells uses the downhill movement of sodium to drive the uphill movement of glucose into the cell. This process establishes a concentration gradient for glucose that can be used for further metabolic processes. Other examples of secondary active transporters include the sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter and the sodium-calcium exchanger.
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where is the sun located?
Answer:
A. The sun is the center of our solar system
Explanation:
In the diagram of the DNA molecule below, match the correct term with the image (ignore the blank arrow).
Answer:
hope this help
Explanation:
Nucleic acids are made up of chains of many repeating units called nucleotides (see bottom left of Figure 1 below). The DNA molecule actually consists of two such chains that spiral around an imaginary axis to form a double helix (spiral.) Nucleic acid molecules are incredibly complex, containing the code that guarantees the accurate ordering of the 20 amino acids in all proteins made by living cells. Surprisingly though there are only a few different nucleotides: only four different nucleotide units comprise DNA, the nucleic acid of interest to the genealogist.
This figure is a diagram of a short stretch of a DNA molecule which is unwound and flattened for clarity. The boxed area at the lower left encloses one nucleotide. Each nucleotide is itself make of three subunits:
A five carbon sugar called deoxyribose (Labeled S)
A phosphate group (a phosphorous atom surrounded by four oxygen atoms.) (Labeled P)
And one of four nitrogen-containing molecules called nucleotides . (Labeled A, T, C, or G)
Alternating sugar and phosphate units form the two sides of a ladder-shaped arrangement with the rungs or steps each formed by a pair of nucleotide bases. Figure 2 below shows the structural formula of DNA in greater detail. The nitrogen bases are ring compounds with their carbon and nitrogen atoms arranged in single or double rings. Only certain bases can pair together to form base pairs. In DNA, Adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairs with cytosine (C).
Notice that in the two figures above, the two strands of a DNA molecule are antiparallel, that is, they run in different directions. The side of the chain on the left begins with a free phosphate group at the top and ends with a sugar molecule at the bottom. In contrast, the complementary chain on the right begins at the top with a sugar molecule and ends at the bottom with a phosphate group.
Happily, it is not necessary to hold the details of DNA structure in your mind at all times! As the sugar and phosphate sides of the molecule are constant they are frequently represented by parallel lines. Even better, each of the nitrogen bases is conveniently represented by the first letter of its name. These conventions allow the simplified representation of the molecule shown in the figure below
Or, even easier, a section of a DNA molecule is often abbreviated to show the bases of just one strand:
A T G G C T A C
Knowing the base pairing convention of A always pairing with T and G always pairing with C makes the complementary strand of the molecule understood. It is this feature of complementary base pairing that insures an exact duplicate of each DNA molecule will be passed to its daughter cells when a cell divides.