which scenarios describe a keystone species? removal of a species of herbivore results in a slight decline in the biomass of the other species in that community. an endangered species of predator becomes extinct. shortly after, the community structure is disrupted and the species diversity is dramatically reduced. a species of algae has the highest biomass of all the species in a community. however, its removal does not significantly alter the number of species in the community. on one side of a river, a species of herbivore is found in small numbers. on the other side, it is absent. the side it is found on has 5 times the species diversity compared to the other side.

The inherited, progressive disorder of the muscles that affect movement and function is called muscular dystrophy.

A muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement. It is a progressive disorder that results in muscle weakness and decreased muscle mass. It also causes issues with the heart and breathing muscles as it progresses. Muscular dystrophy is caused by a lack of a protein called dystrophin that helps maintain muscle integrity. In some cases, this lack of dystrophin is inherited, but in other cases, it is caused by a spontaneous genetic mutation. There are several types of muscular dystrophy, with Duchenne muscular dystrophy being the most common and severe form. Other types include Becker muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy. Treatment for muscular dystrophy varies depending on the type and severity of the disorder.

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Answer:

Abiotic factors - due to environmental conditions like earth quakes, drought, volcanic eruption, hurricanes etc.

Biotic factors - due to animals interacting with the environment like grazing animals on forest lands will lead to erosion of top soil, invasive species multiplying and destroying native flora and fauna.

Pollution and deforestation cause by human activity.

Explanation:

Answer:

➢ A characteristic that places fungi in a different kingdom from plants, bacteria, and some protists is chitin in their cell walls. ... Fungi do not photosynthesize. Growth is their means of mobility, except for spores (a few of which are flagellated), which may travel through the air or water.

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Answer:

Fungi are heterotrophic and they don't use photosynthesis.

Explanation:

A. 4

the four nitrogenous bases present in DNA are

The minimum number of microbes that must enter the body to cause infection can vary depending on the specific microbe and the susceptibility of the individual. This is known as the infectious dose (ID). Therefore the correct option is option B.

The infectious dose is crucial since it influences how likely it is that a person may contract the disease. A pathogen with a low infectious dose, for instance, suggests that only a few microorganisms are required to generate an infection. On the other hand, a disease with a high infectious dosage requires a lot of microorganisms to infect a person.

"Infectious dose" is the appropriate response to the multiple-choice question. The words equivalent dose and effective dose are used in relation to radiation exposure, whereas the lethal dose refers to the quantity of a drug that is fatal to a specific proportion of the population.

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The antibiotic that disrupts cytoplasmic membrane function is amphotericin B.

antibiotics are medications used to treat bacterial infections. They target specific components or processes within bacterial cells to inhibit their growth and reproduction. One such target is the cytoplasmic membrane, which surrounds the bacterial cell and regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Out of the given options, the antibiotic that disrupts cytoplasmic membrane function is amphotericin B. Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal antibiotic that is also effective against certain bacteria. It works by binding to the sterols in the cytoplasmic membrane, causing the membrane to become permeable and leading to cell death.

Other antibiotics mentioned in the options, such as streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin, have different mechanisms of action and do not primarily target the cytoplasmic membrane.

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The antibiotic that disrupts cytoplasmic membrane function among the options provided is E) amphotericin B.

Amphotericin B is an antifungal antibiotic that disrupts cytoplasmic membrane function in cells. It binds to the fungal cell membrane, specifically targeting ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes, and forming pores. These pores disrupt the integrity of the membrane, leading to leakage of cellular components and ultimately causing cell death.

Although the other antibiotics listed in the options (streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin) have various mechanisms of action, they do not directly target or disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane function.Therefore option E is the correct option.

Amphotericin B is particularly effective against fungal infections but can also have toxic effects on mammalian cells due to its nonspecific nature. Therefore, it is mainly used in severe or systemic fungal infections where other treatment options are limited.

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

Yes, Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Saprospiraceae are oil-degrading bacteria.

These bacterial families contain species that have been observed to possess oil-degrading capabilities, which means they can break down and utilize hydrocarbon components of oil as a source of energy and nutrients. This characteristic makes them valuable in bioremediation efforts, such as cleaning up oil spills in the environment.

The use of oil-degrading bacteria has been explored as a potential method for bioremediation, or the cleanup of oil spills and contaminated sites. By introducing oil-degrading bacteria into the affected area, the bacteria can help to break down the hydrocarbons and reduce the environmental impact of the spill.

However, the effectiveness of using oil-degrading bacteria for bioremediation depends on a number of factors, including the type of bacteria used, the environmental conditions, and the severity of the contamination. In some cases, other methods like physical removal or chemical treatments may be necessary to fully clean up the site.

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The term that describes the surgical repair of the tube extending from the kidney to the bladder is "ureteroplasty".

Ureteroplasty is a surgical procedure that involves the repair of the ureter, which is a long, thin tube that connects the kidney to the bladder and allows urine to flow from the kidney to the bladder.

Ureteroplasty may be necessary if the ureter is damaged due to injury or disease, or if it is blocked or narrowed due to a structural abnormality or a tumor. During the procedure, the surgeon may remove a section of the damaged or diseased ureter and reattach the remaining healthy sections, or they may use a graft to repair the damaged area. The goal of ureteroplasty is to restore the normal function of the ureter and prevent further complications such as infection, kidney damage, or urine backup. Recovery from ureteroplasty typically takes several weeks and may involve pain management, monitoring of urine output, and follow-up imaging tests to ensure proper healing.

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1. A small organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is responsible for metabolism.2. An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP.

Organelles are tiny structures within a cell that have a specific function. They are like the organs of the human body and perform a variety of tasks that are necessary for the cell to function properly. Organelles are bounded by a membrane and contain specialized proteins and enzymes.

3.An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is responsible for the synthesis of proteins and lipids. It has ribosomes attached to it that facilitate protein synthesis.4. An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that is responsible.Small organelles found in eukaryotic cells that are responsible for the synthesis of proteins.

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Answer:

atomic numbers

Explanation:

In order for two atoms to be different, they have to have a different number of protons. Protons are represented by the atomic number. Thus, atoms of two DIFFERENT elements must have different atomic numbers.

I took the test and got 100%

Hope this helps!

Explanation:

Non-Mendelian inheritance refers to the inheritance of traits that have a more complex genetic basis than one gene with two alleles and complete dominance.

Based on the data provided, the Punnett square cross in which the probability of offspring will have red eyes is 100 percent is YXR × XXR.

X-linked traits are traits that are found in the X-chromosomes.

Assuming Red eye color is XR and yellow eye color is Xr

For 100% red eye colored offspring

Male parent YXR

Female parent XXR

Crossing the offspring

All offspring have red eyes.

Probability of red eyes = 100%

Therefore, the Punnett square cross in which the probability of offspring will have red eyes is 100 percent YXR × XXR.

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Answer:

the answer is (A)

Muscle fibers form from the fusion of embryonic myoblast cells and satellite cells; thus each fiber contains multiple nuclei.

B is the correct answer.

The long, cylindrical, and striated muscle cells of the skeleton. They are multi-nucleated, which means they have multiple nuclei. This is due to the fact that they are created by the fusing of embryonic myoblasts. Each nucleus controls how much energy the sarcoplasm surrounding it needs to burn.

A skeletal muscle may create more protein when it has more nuclei, which results in a stronger muscle. This is crucial because higher rates of protein synthesis result in higher protein deposition, which is necessary for muscle hypertrophy, or growth.

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The complete question is:

What is the explanation for multiple nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers?

A. because muscle fibers are so long, many copies of DNA are needed to keep the cell functioning.

B. muscle fibers form from the fusion of embryonic myoblast cells and satellite cells; thus each fiber contains multiple nuclei.

C. muscle fibers divide throughout life, but commonly only the nucleus divides, resulting in multinucleated cells.

D. skeletal muscle fibers are composed of multiple skeletal muscle cells; thus each fiber contains multiple nuclei.

The question is incomplete as the figure is missing which has been attached.

Answer:

C,D,A,B

Explanation:

Ecological succession refers to the change in the species of a community evolved over time.  

Primary succession is a type of ecological succession in which the mosses and lichens colonize a barren area like which is destructed by the volcanoes which convert the area into bare rock etc.

In the given question, image C shows that volcano is erupting after which the area is colonized by the species of Lichens and mosses which can grow on the rocks easily by attaching to them as shown in image D.

Then in image A, the mosses and lichens are removed by plants belonging to Pteridophytes like ferns and few bryophytes. Then, large trees belonging to gymnosperms and angiosperms will colonize the area as shown in figure B.

Thus, C, D, A, B is the correct answer.

The statement "Neither gender tends to be more polite than the other" refers to a characteristic or attribute that is being compared between two groups, specifically gender. In this case, the variable being discussed is "politeness."

Politeness is a subjective trait that can vary among individuals, and in this context, it is being compared between the two genders. Therefore, the variable "politeness" is a qualitative or categorical variable. The social, psychological, cultural, and behavioural facets of having a gender identity—whether it be male, female, or another—are all included in gender. This might involve gender expression and sex-based social structures (i.e., gender roles) depending on the situation.

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Answer:

Volcanoes erupt, fossis fuels are burned, fires blazed.

Explanation:

Answer:

Carbondioxide, water and urea are the waste product.

Explanation:

The final waste product produced by the organisms during respiration are carbondioxide and water while urea and nitrogenous waste are also a waste product produced in the body when the digestion of food is completed. The unnecessary substances present in the food are removed and sent it to excretory organ. These waste products are removed from lungs and urinary bladder.

Answer:

The epidermis which is the outermost layer of the skin vary when comparison is made between a human and animal skin.

Human skin has a thicker epidermis while Animals have a thinner epidermis.

The difference between human and insect muscles is that insect have mainly striated muscles which are primarily made of sarcomeres while animals have both the smooth and striated muscles.

The blood is different in humans and frog as humans red blood cells don’t have a nucleus while that of frogs have a nucleus in the red blood cells.

Human beings have very specific differences from other animals, due to their physical and biological constitution.

Based on this, we can answer the above question as follows:

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To solve and interpret codominant crosses involving multiple alleles, such as blood typing problems, follow these steps:

1. Understand the concept of codominance: In codominance, both alleles are expressed equally in the offspring's phenotype. For example, in blood typing, the A and B alleles are codominant, while O is recessive.
2. Identify the alleles: For blood typing, there are three alleles: A, B, and O. The A and B alleles are codominant, and O is recessive.
3. Use a Punnett square: Create a Punnett square to organize and analyze the possible combinations of alleles between parents.
4. Fill in the Punnett square: Write the possible alleles from each parent along the top and left side of the square. Fill in the boxes with the corresponding allele combinations.
5. Analyze the results: Each box in the Punnett square represents a possible outcome for the offspring's blood type. Interpret the results by calculating the percentage of each blood type based on the total number of boxes.
By following these steps, you can accurately solve and interpret codominant crosses involving multiple alleles, such as blood typing problems.

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Answer:

glucose is used to make cell walls, make protein amd stored as starch.

Answer:

provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress

Explanation:

its kinda easy

Kudzu as any other plant is an autotroph, that is to say, it produces its own food, in this case through photosynthesis, thanks to chlorophyll it captures light from the sun and along with CO₂produces the needed glucose to sustain energetic input in the cells. Another factor is the soil from which obtains nitrogen phosphorus and other minerals necessary to maintain cell function.

Ultraviolet light can be the answer to future outbreaks because it has the capability to kill the microorganisms present in air and thus can prevent the infectious diseases caused by them.

Ultraviolet light is the EM radiation with the wavelength range 10 nm to 400 nm. It is already being used in research labs for maintaining the microbe free environment. Researches are also being conducted to produce such ceiling lights that can be used normally in households so that the the air-borne microorganisms can be killed.

Microorganisms are the small living organisms not visible to the unaided eyes. They have the strong capability to produce their new variants by mutation and cause infectious diseases. The ultraviolet light can kill them even before they are able to transform themselves.  

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For the proposed logging in Sawtooth National Forest, the Forest Service (FS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) will be involved in order to ensure that there is minimal damage to the environment.

Timber logging involves felling down trees.

Agencies that regulate timber logging are the Forest Service (FS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM).

These agencies will be involved in order to ensure that there is minimal environmental damage due to the logging activities.

Therefore, for the proposed logging in Sawtooth National Forest, the Forest Service (FS) and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) will be involved in order to ensure that there is minimal damage to the environment.

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Answer:

Mollisols

Explanation:

The soil of the temperate grasslands is deep and dark, with fertile upper layers. It is nutrient-rich from the growth and decay of deep, many-branched grass roots. The rotted roots hold the soil together and provide a food source for living plants.

Answer:

Mollisols

Explanation:

Because these temperate grasslands have cold winters, and warm summers, and have medium to low precipitation. They form in areas that are too dry to be forested, but too wet to be desert. Most of the prairie soils are called Mollisols (latin for soft), because of their deep, dark layer of topsoil.

If the previously neutral stimulus (now CMO-S) is presented without the effective MO or if the MO is presented as often in the absence of the CMO-S as in its presence, the value-altering and behavior-altering effects of the stimulus would be weakened.

In the context of conditioned motivating operations (CMOs), the previously neutral stimulus (CMO-S) gains its value-altering and behavior-altering effects through its association with an effective motivating operation (MO). When the CMO-S is consistently paired with the MO, it acquires the ability to evoke specific behaviors or alter the value of reinforcers.

However, if the CMO-S is presented without the effective MO, the association between the two is weakened. The CMO-S loses its power to evoke the same level of behavior or alter the value of reinforcers as it did when it was consistently paired with the MO. The stimulus alone may not have the same impact on behavior without the presence of the effective MO.

Similarly, if the MO is presented as often in the absence of the CMO-S as it is in its presence, the association between the CMO-S and the MO becomes less distinct. This can reduce the motivating effectiveness of the CMO-S, as the MO loses its discriminative function in signaling the occurrence of the CMO-S.

Overall, the value-altering and behavior-altering effects of a previously neutral stimulus (CMO-S) are contingent on its association with an effective MO. Altering the presentation of either the CMO-S or the MO can weaken their motivating effectiveness, highlighting the importance of their consistent pairing to produce desired behavioral effects.

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Complete Question:

presenting the previously neutral stimulus (now CMO-S) without the effective MO or presenting the MO as often in the absence of the CMO-S as in its presence.

In the examples above, if the instruction is no longer followed by the toy that usually evokes stereotypy, or a parent talking to a third person is no longer followed by low levels of attention, the value-altering and behavior altering effects of the toy or diverted parental attention would be weakened. Similarly, if the toy known to evoke stereotypy is presented as often in the presence of the instruction as in its absence, or if differing levels of attention are associated with talking to a third person, their motivating effectiveness would be reduced.

It is not possible to provide a comparison between a human and another organism without knowing which specific organism you are referring to. Different organisms have different ways of obtaining and processing molecules from food and air, and these differences are largely due to their unique physiological and ecological adaptations.

In general, humans and other animals obtain molecules from food and air through a process called metabolism. This process involves the breakdown of complex molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, into simpler molecules that can be used by the body for energy and growth. The molecules obtained from food and air are then transported through the bloodstream and delivered to cells throughout the body, where they are used to fuel various physiological processes.

Different organisms have evolved different mechanisms for obtaining and processing molecules from food and air. For example, humans and other animals rely on the digestive system to break down food and absorb nutrients, while plants use photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy. Some organisms may also have specialized adaptations for obtaining molecules from their environment, such as the ability to filter nutrients from water or the ability to extract nutrients from insects or other small animals.

Overall, the specific differences in how an organism gets molecules from food and air depend on the specific physiological and ecological adaptations of that organism.

The cells have replicated their DNA, but have not completed mitosis and cytokinesis.

What is mitosis?

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The density of the two cubic centimeters of gold and one cubic centimeter of gold is just the same.

The term density has to do with the ratio of the mass to the volume of an object. Let us note that the density of the object does not change under whatever circumstance. This is why the density of the object is one of the characteristics that we can be able to use to obtain the the identity of the substance that is under study,

Having said that, we can see that;  Two cubic centimeters of gold has a density that is  exactly the same as one cubic centimeter of gold.

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