Why are calcium ions necessary for skeletal muscle contraction?
(a) Calcium increases the action potential transmitted along the sarcolemma.
(b) Calcium initiates the depolarization of the sarcolemma.
(c) Calcium triggers the binding of myosin to actin.
(d) Calcium makes the membrane more permeable to sodium ions.
(d) Calcium causes ATP binding to actin.
Answers
Calcium ions are required for skeletal muscle contraction because it triggers the binding of myosin to actin. The correct answer is option (c).
How does skeletal muscle contraction work?The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction explains how skeletal muscle contractions take place. It is an essential process for various activities like posture, breathing, movement, and speech. In this process, the muscle fibers shorten as myosin and actin filaments slide past one another. As a result, the sarcomeres, which are the fundamental units of contraction, shorten.
Calcium plays a significant role in this process; it triggers the binding of myosin to actin during skeletal muscle contraction. Calcium released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in response to an action potential entering the muscle cell binds to the protein complex called troponin-tropomyosin. The troponin-tropomyosin complex is situated on actin filaments, which are responsible for the filamentous nature of myofibrils. The binding of calcium to troponin-tropomyosin complex allows myosin heads to bind with the actin filaments, leading to muscle contraction. In summary, the skeletal muscle-contraction process depends heavily on calcium ion availability, and without it, the process cannot occur.
Consequently, calcium plays a crucial role in muscle contraction, as it allows myosin to bind to actin, and this binding allows the shortening of the muscle fibers. Hence, option C is correct.
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Related Questions
one of the most common side effects of phenytoin is: group of answer choices a) decrease in salivary production b) gingival overgrowth c) widening of the pdl d) red band along the gingival margin
Answers
One of the most common side effects of phenytoin is Gingival overgrowth.
Gingival overgrowth develops in around 40 to 50% of people using phenytoin, cyclosporine, or calcium channel blockers. This condition can cause issues with speech, mastication, teeth eruption, and appearance.
Gingival overgrowth develops in around 40 to 50% of people using phenytoin, cyclosporine, or calcium channel blockers. This condition can cause issues with speech, mastication, teeth eruption, and appearance.
The interaction of phenytoin with a subset of sensitive fibroblasts has been found to produce gingival overgrowth. Cyclosporine has been proposed to influence the metabolic activity of fibroblast (eg, collagen synthesis, breakdown).
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help anybody pleaseeee and number them <3 happy holidays !!!!
Answers
Answer:
It's 1
Explanation:
Ionic bonding is from metal to metal and happy holidays to you too! <3
what if a plant which self pollinates gets a pollen grain from another plant
Answers
Answer:
If a plant that normally self-pollinates receives a pollen grain from another plant, this is known as cross-pollination.
Cross-pollination can occur naturally through wind, insects, or other pollinators carrying pollen from one plant to another, or it can be done intentionally by humans for the purpose of breeding or hybridization.
In a self-pollinating plant, the flower has both male and female reproductive structures, so the plant can reproduce without the need for external pollination. However, if a pollen grain from another plant is received, it may fertilize the female reproductive structures of the self-pollinating plant, resulting in a hybrid offspring with genetic traits from both parent plants.
The extent to which the hybrid offspring differs from the parent plants will depend on the genetic makeup of each plant and the extent of genetic variation between them. In some cases, the hybrid offspring may have desirable traits that make it more adaptable to different environmental conditions or more resistant to pests and diseases
1. Which one lived in Antarctica earlier, the labyrinthodont, the lystrosaurus, or the duck-billed dinosaur? Explain
Answers
Answer:
The correct answer is - The labyrinthodont.
Explanation:
Fossils of These duck billed dinosaur were found in the Antarctica in sands that were 66 to 67 million years old, however these are also found in north America and north Europe.
About 110 million years ago, labyrinthodonts, the dinosaur that are amphibians. These are the animals that were lived in the river valleys of the Gondwana and the rift valley that was located at that time between Australia and Antarctica.
Thus, the correct answer is - The labyrinthodont.
the most fluid membrane would be a bilayer made of lipids with? polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids. O polyunsaturated 16-carbon fatty acids. polyunsaturated 18-carbon fatty acids. saturated 16-carbon fatty acids.
Answers
The most fluid membrane would be a bilayer made of lipids with polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids.
This is because longer-chain fatty acids provide more space between the individual lipid molecules, which increases fluidity. Additionally, the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids with double bonds in the hydrocarbon tail creates kinks in the fatty acid chains, preventing them from packing tightly together and further increasing membrane fluidity. The 20-carbon fatty acids are longer than the 16 or 18-carbon chains, and thus, the kinks introduced by multiple double bonds have more space to disrupt the packing of the fatty acid chains in the membrane bilayer. As a result, membranes containing polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids are more fluid and have greater flexibility, which is important for many cellular processes that depend on membrane fluidity. Therefore, the most fluid membrane would be a bilayer made of lipids with polyunsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids.Learn more about lipids: https://brainly.com/question/17352723
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The Grand Canyon is 446 km long, up to 29 km wide, and 1.6 km deep. The walls of the Grand Canyon are composed of nearly 40 different rock layers that represent about 1 billion years of Earth’s history. The rocks at the bottom of the canyon are metamorphic rocks formed 1.75 billion years ago. New sediments were deposited on top of those rocks, and mountain-building events around 755 million years ago tilted and lifted the new rocks. The total sandstone, shale, and limestone layers were deposited between 1,000 and 250 million years ago to form a rock sequence up to 1,525 m thick. WRITE YOUR ANSWER ON THE LINE.......IDENTIFY two geologic processes occurring in the Grand Canyon today that also contributed to the formation of the rocks that make up the Grand Canyon’s walls.
Answers
Answer:Geologists call the process of canyon formation downcutting. Downcutting occurs as a river carves out a canyon or valley, cutting down into the earth and eroding away rock.
Down cutting happens during flooding. When large amounts of water are moved through a river channel, large rocks and boulders are carried too. These rocks act like chisels, chipping off pieces of the riverbed as they bounce along.
Explanation:
Why do they call them fossil fuels
Answers
Answer:
Fossil fuels got the name from being produced by fossilized remains of plants and animals. Fossil fuels are also known for having awfully high carbon levels, which is not good.
__________________________________________________________
Questions?Ask in the comments.
Answer:
because they were formed from the fossilized, buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years agoago
Explanation:
Which of the following is true about the group Archaea?
A. Archaea has more genetic similarities to Bacteria than Eukarya
B. Archaea and Bacteria both have a nucleus
C. Bacteria and Eukarya are both prokaryotes
D. Archaea has more in common genetically with Eukarya than Bacteria.
Answers
Answer:
D. Archaea has more in common genetically with Eukarya than Bacteria.
Explanation:
Archaea are unicellular, prokaryotic microorganisms that differ from bacteria in their genetics, biochemistry, and ecology. Some archaea are extremophiles, living in environments with extremely high or low temperatures, or extreme salinity. Only archaea are known to produce methane.
Answer:
D. Archaea has more in common genetically with Eukarya than Bacteria.
Explanation:
Yes, archaea has more in common genetically with Eukarya than Bacteria. Archaea constitute a domain of single -celled organisms.
I NEED HELP ASAP!! plsss help
Answers
Answer:
learned
Explanation:
is plant and animal fermentation the same ?
Answers
In which condition is relative velocity known by adding the velocity of the first body and that of second body?
Answers
Answer:
When the two bodies are moving in opposite direction
Explanation:
The relative velocity of two bodies is found by adding the velocity of one body to the other body when the two bodies are moving in opposite direction
For example, if one body is moving towards the right direction at 5.0 km/hr and the other body is moving left at 1.0 km/hr, the relative velocity of the body moving right relative to the other moving left is given as 5.0 + 1.0 = 6.0 km/hr.
Relative velocity can be experienced when moving up along on an escalator relative to the visible side drive mechanism going down.
Where dose mass of a willow tree come from
Answers
Answer:
So where does the mass come from? The mass of a tree is primarily carbon. The carbon comes from carbon dioxide used during photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants convert the sun's energy into chemical energy which is captured within the bonds of carbon molecules built from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water.
Explanation:
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When ADP adds a phosphate group it ___________ high energy electrons in the ______________________
Answers
Answer:
When ADP adds a phosphate group it stores high energy electrons in the phosphate bond
Explanation
ATP has three phosphate groups and acts as a "charged battery". When it loses one of these phosphate groups, it forms ADP and releases energy from breaking the phosphate bond. This releases energy which can be used to power chemical reactions in the cell.
What represents a possible chromosome number of a species that uses sexual reproduction and why
Answers
Answer:
Any even number, becuase their sex cells will need half as many, this will not work with an odd number.
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________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.
Answers
Answer:
Homeostasis
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in a bird population, 50 % of the individuals had white feathers, and 50% had colored feathers. over time, it was observed that 98% of the population had colorful feathers. the rest had white feathers. how did the type of selection in this example affect the population’s biodiversity? directional selection did not increase the population’s biodiversity. stabilizing selection increased the population’s biodiversity. disruptive selection decreased the population’s biodiversity. ecosystem selection did not increase the population’s biodiversity.
Answers
Disruptive selection decreased the population's biodiversity.
In this example, the type of selection that occurred is disruptive selection. Initially, the bird population was evenly divided between individuals with white feathers and colored feathers, resulting in a balanced biodiversity. However, over time, the population experienced a shift where 98% of the birds had colorful feathers, while the remaining 2% retained white feathers.Disruptive selection occurs when extreme traits are favored over intermediate ones. In this case, the colorful feathers became advantageous, leading to a higher fitness for birds with such traits. As a result, these individuals had a higher chance of survival and reproduction, causing their frequency to increase significantly within the population.The impact of disruptive selection on biodiversity is that it decreases overall diversity. The population's biodiversity decreases because the extreme trait (colorful feathers) becomes more dominant, while the intermediate trait (white feathers) decreases in frequency.This reduction in variation can have consequences for the population's ability to adapt to changing environments or respond to new selective pressures.
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monocytes are a type of white blood cell that can differentiate into what two cells? [choose 2]
Answers
Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that can differentiate into two main cells: macrophages and dendritic cells.
Monocytes differentiate into macrophages, which play a role in phagocytosis and immune response, and dendritic cells, which are important for antigen presentation and communication with other immune cells.
Monocytes have the ability to differentiate into two essential immune cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, to help maintain a healthy and functioning immune system.
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Marissa has had her entire thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem
Answers
We have that for the Question "Does she need to worry about this problem" it can be said that
If Mary is taking Calcium medication with thyroid hormone,she does not need to worry about this problemFrom the question we are told
Marissa has had her entire thyroid gland removed because of a malignant tumor. She takes synthetic thyroid hormone to replace the thyroxine that her thyroid gland would have produced, but she is worried about her blood calcium. Does she need to worry about this problem
Hormone known as TSHGenerally normal thyroid feature is watched through the pituitary gland. The pituitary makes a hormone known as TSH that motives the thyroid gland to make thyroid hormone for the body.
the hormone additionally promotes increase of the thyroid gland and likely of thyroid most cancers cells.
Levothyroxine (L-T four )Levothyroxine (L-T four ) is one of the most typically given medications. It is given as both physiologic alternative remedy in sufferers with hypothyroidism or as interventional remedy to suppress thyroid-stimulating hormone secretion in sufferers with thyroid cancer.
Therefore
if Mary is taking Calcium medication with thyroid hormone,she does not need to worry about this problem
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which of the following pairs is most closely related? group of answer choices vibrio and archaea eukaryotic alga and cyanobacteria vibrio and cyanobacteria animal and gram-negative bacteria
Answers
The correct answer is option C. Vibrio and cyanobacteria are most closely related.
Both vibrio and cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms, meaning they do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Vibrio is a type of bacterium commonly found in saltwater environments and can cause foodborne illness in humans. Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic bacteria that are responsible for producing a large portion of the world's oxygen.
Eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria are not as closely related as they are different types of organisms. Eukaryotic algae are algae that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, while cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms.
Animal and gram-negative bacteria are not as closely related as they are different kingdoms of organisms. Animals belong to the kingdom Animalia, while gram-negative bacteria belong to the kingdom Monera.
Archaea and vibrio are not as closely related as they are different domains of organisms. Archaea belong to the domain Archaea, while vibrio belongs to the domain Bacteria.
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In a species of chickens, incomplete dominance between alleles for black (B) and white(w) feathers
is observed. Heterozygotes are blue.
• If two blue chickens are crossed, what is the probability that the offspring will be blue.
Answers
Answer:
1/2
Explanation:
This question involves a single gene coding for feather color in chickens. The black allele (B) is incompletely dominant over the white allele (W). This means that the allele B will not mask the phenotypic expression of allele W, hence, a third intermediate blue phenotype (BW) will be produced.
According to the question, if two blue chickens are crossed i.e. BW × BW, the gametes B and W will be produced by each parent. Using these gametes in a punnet square (see attached image), the following offsprings will be produced:
BB, BW and WW in the ratio 1:2:1
BB is black, BW is blue, WW is white. Hence, the probability of producing a blue chicken from this cross is 1/2.
It is confusing that genes and proteins are given the same name, such as epas1. let’s sort them out with the basics. a gene is a section of what type of molecule?
Answers
It is confusing that genes and proteins are given the same name, such as epas1. A gene is a section of DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid.
A gene is the basic structural and functional unit of heredity. Genes contain instructions which directs the cells to synthesize molecules called proteins. Proteins perform various functions in the body required for maintenance of health of an individual.
The EPAS1 gene, also called as HIF2A , delivers instructions for the synthesis of a protein known as hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α). This protein is a part or subunit of a larger protein complex called HIF, which plays a crucial role in the body's capacity to adjust to dynamic oxygen levels.
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14. Which process is used to locate the
epicenter of an earthquake?
A. Forecasting
B. Triangulation
C. GPS measurements
D. Refraction
Answers
Answer:
B.Triangulation
Explanation:
Triangulation is used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake. Triangulation is used to locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
helllpp pleaseeeeeee
Answers
D - C
This is because a body builder needs iron.
when a person exercises strenuously, all of the following occur except: (a) glucose decreases (b) adp increases (c) lactic acid increases (d) glycogen increases (e) carbon dioxide increases
Answers
Except for lactic acid, all of the following occur when a person exercises vigorously. Option C is correct.
The definition of a strenuously workout is very subjective and relies on how a specific activity feels for a person. A quick stroll may be simple and not a struggle for a healthy individual, but for a couch potato, even a brisk walk is strenuous. Your heart rate affects whether or not the workout is difficult for you. When you engage in more difficult activities, your heart rate increases.
Jogging, running, aerobic dance, jumping rope, single tennis, and cycling at speeds greater than 10mph are all examples of vigorous exercise. Swimming, quick dancing, gardening with heavy digging, and shoveling snow are just a few daily activities that might be classified as difficult.
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What is the element with the highest electronegativity value?
What is the element with the highest electronegativity value?
A)calcium
B)cesium
C)fluorine
D)helium
Answers
The element with the highest electronegativity value is fluorine.
Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond. It is expressed on a scale from 0 to 4, with fluorine having the highest electronegativity value of 4.0. This means that fluorine has the strongest ability to attract electrons towards itself in a bond compared to any other element. In contrast, helium has a very low electronegativity value of 0.0, indicating that it has a very weak ability to attract electrons. Calcium and cesium have electronegativity values of 1.0 and 0.79, respectively, which are significantly lower than that of fluorine.
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loosely coiled fine strands containing protein and dna are called
Answers
Answer:
histones
Explanation:
Loosely coiled fine strands containing protein and DNA are called chromatin. Chromatin is found within the nucleus of a cell and plays a vital role in gene expression and DNA replication. When a cell undergoes division, the chromatin becomes more tightly coiled into distinct structures called chromosomes. Chromatin is composed of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones.
The histones help organize the DNA and regulate gene expression by controlling the accessibility of the DNA to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins. Different types of chromatin can also affect the expression of genes, with more open chromatin associated with increased gene expression and more compact chromatin associated with decreased gene expression.
Loosely coiled fine strands containing protein and DNA are called chromatin. To answer your question concisely:
1. Repeat the question: Loosely coiled fine strands containing protein and DNA are called what?
2. Provide the answer: These strands are called chromatin.
Chromatin is composed of DNA, histone proteins, and other structural proteins. It plays a crucial role in gene regulation and helps package the DNA efficiently within the nucleus of a cell. During cell division, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, ensuring proper DNA replication and distribution to the daughter cells.
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Select the best answer for the question 7. Which side of an epithelial cell in the nasal cavity faces the cavity itself and is covered in cilia to trap debris or pathogenic microorganisms before they enter the body? A. Lateral O B. Basal C. Apical D. Squamous
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True or False: In a box and whisker plot, 50% of the data is between Q1 and the median
Answers
Answer:
Minimum = 0%
Q1 (Lower Quartile) = 25%
Median = 50%
Q3 (Upper Quartile) = 75%
Maximum = 100%
That is true. In a box and whisker plot, Q1 is the first quartile (first 25% of the data) is between the lower quartile (Q1) and the median. The median is the middle, so 50% will fall between Q1 and the median. It's important to understand the various measures of central tendency and how they can be used to analyze the spread of data within a given set, which can provide valuable insights and understanding about the overall trends present within the data.
which of the following components form part of a company's macro-environment?
Answers
The components that form part of a company's macro-environment are; Legal/regulatory conditions, Political factors, and Sociocultural forces. Option A, B, and E is correct.
Legal/regulatory conditions; These encompass the laws, regulations, and policies established by the government or regulatory bodies that affect the operations and activities of a company. They include areas such as labor laws, environmental regulations, consumer protection laws, and industry-specific regulations.
Political factors; These refer to the political environment in which a company operates, including government stability, political ideology, trade policies, taxation policies, and political influence on business operations.
Sociocultural forces; These represent the social and cultural aspects that influence a company's operations, such as demographics, social values, consumer attitudes, lifestyle trends, cultural norms, and societal expectations.
Hence, A. B. E. is the correct option.
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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
"Which of the following components form part of a company's macro-environment? A. legal/regulatory conditions B. political factors C. ancillary communications D. historical incentives E. sociocultural forces."--
The complete oxidation of a 12 carbon fatty acid requires _____
rounds of Beta Oxidation and ________ round of the Krebs Cycle?
Answers
The complete oxidation of a 12-carbon fatty acid requires 5 rounds of Beta Oxidation and 6 rounds of the Krebs Cycle.
During beta oxidation, fatty acids are broken down into two-carbon units in the form of acetyl-CoA. Each round of beta oxidation produces one molecule of acetyl-CoA. Since a 12-carbon fatty acid would yield six acetyl-CoA molecules, it requires five rounds of beta oxidation.
The acetyl-CoA molecules produced from beta oxidation enter the Krebs Cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle). In the Krebs Cycle, each acetyl-CoA is fully oxidized, generating energy-rich molecules such as NADH and FADH2. Since six acetyl-CoA molecules are produced from the complete oxidation of a 12-carbon fatty acid, it would require six rounds of the Krebs Cycle.
Therefore, to fully oxidize a 12-carbon fatty acid, it would take 5 rounds of Beta Oxidation and 6 rounds of the Krebs Cycle.
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