Why can transferring energy into or out of a substance change molecules’ freedom of movement?.

Antioxidants like vitamins C and E inhibit the oxidation process by bonding with free radicals and preventing oxygen from attacking double bonds.

Oxidation creates free radicals, highly reactive chemicals that destroy cells and tissues. Vitamins C and E link with free radicals to prevent further harm. Antioxidants stabilise and neutralise free radicals by donating electrons.

Vitamins C and E build stable bonds with free radicals to protect double bonds from oxidation. This avoids oxidation and preserves molecules. Vitamins C and E intercept and neutralise free radicals, reducing oxidative damage and promoting health.

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The Correct option is :

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The particles diffuse from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.

for example :

during Inhalation, oxygen is in higher concentration in our lungs but in lower concentration blood capillaries, so oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide which is in higher concentration in blood diffuses out from the blood capillaries.

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Answer:

The work done by the gas expansion is 5875 J,

Since the work done is positive, the work is done by the gas on the surroundings.

Explanation:

Given;

change in internal energy, ΔU = -4750 J

heat transferred to the system, Q = 1125 J

The change in internal energy is given by;

ΔU = Q - W

Where;

W is the work done by the system

The work done by the system is calculated as;

W = Q - ΔU

W =  1125 - (-4750)

W = 1125 + 4750

W = 5875 J

Since the work done is positive, the work is done by the gas on the surroundings (energy flows from the gas to the surroundings).

Therefore, the work done by the gas expansion is 5875 J

Because deserts have such little water vapor in the air, it makes it harder to trap heat or cold in a desert. And at night, the sun no longer heats the desert and the heat from the day doesn't stay trapped. Because of this, some deserts can get extremely cold at night, dropping to temperatures below 40F.

Hope this helps!! Have a wonderful day!!

It is actually sand, which turns the entire phenomenon hot. Sand cannot hold the heat. It acts like a mirror to the sun. During the daytime, it stays warm, and when the Sun is absent it loses all its heat making the nights colder. There’s nothing in the desert that can either absorb heat from the sun or hold it on the surface when the sun is set.

The correct option among the given options is A. The unstable elements that must kick out subatomic particles to attain stability are Radioactive.

Radioactive refers to the capability of an atomic nucleus to break down as well as release energy and matter. This energy and matter released can either be in the form of alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.

The nucleus of an atom might be unstable due to the presence of extra neutrons or protons, or the arrangement of particles might not be appropriate.

Radioactive elements are those elements that possess an unstable nucleus and emit radiations while trying to attain stability. These radiations can be alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays.

Radioactive isotopes are used in a variety of fields like medical diagnosis, carbon dating, nuclear power plants, and much more.

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The correct ranking of the compounds in decreasing order of boiling points is IV > I > II > III. The correct answer is option (c).

Boiling point is influenced by molecular weight, polarity, and hydrogen bonding. Higher boiling points indicate stronger intermolecular forces between molecules. Comparing the given compounds, the molecule with the strongest intermolecular forces will have the highest boiling point. Therefore, to rank the compounds in decreasing order of boiling points, we need to compare the polarity and hydrogen bonding of each compound.

Compound IV, HOCH2CH2CH2OH, has the highest boiling point because of the presence of two hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds between molecules.

I, CH3CH2CH2CH2OH, has only one hydroxyl group, but a larger molecular weight than II and III, making it have a higher boiling point.

II, CH3CH2OCH2CH3, is an ether and has a lower boiling point than I and IV due to the absence of a hydroxyl group.

Compound III, CH3OCH3, is nonpolar and cannot form hydrogen bonds, giving it the lowest boiling point among the given compounds.

Therefore, the correct option is (c)

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This ranking is based on the intermolecular forces present in each compound. Ethylene glycol has the highest boiling point due to strong hydrogen bonding, followed by propanol with hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions. Acetaldehyde has dipole-dipole interactions, ethyne has weak van der Waals forces, and ethanol has the weakest intermolecular forces among these compounds. Thus, their boiling points decrease in the order given above.

Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas, and it depends on the intermolecular forces between the molecules. Stronger intermolecular forces lead to a higher boiling point because more energy is required to separate the molecules. In this case, ethylene glycol has the highest boiling point because it has two hydroxyl groups, which can form strong hydrogen bonds with neighboring molecules. Propanol also has hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions, while acetaldehyde has dipole-dipole interactions. Ethyne has only weak van der Waals forces, and ethanol has the weakest intermolecular forces, which accounts for their lower boiling points.

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Answer:

Carbon is a versatile element and is found in many different chemical compounds, including those found in space. Carbon is versatile because it can form single, double, and triple bonds. It can also form chains, branched chains, and rings when connected to other carbon atoms.

Explanation:

meaning of versatile: capable of or adapted for many different uses, skills, etc. 2 variable or changeable.

The versatile nature of carbon can be best understood with its features such as, tetravalency and catenation. In this section let us learn more about versatility of carbon.

Carbon is a versatile element and is found in many different chemical compounds, including those found in space. Carbon is versatile because it can form single, double, and triple bonds. It can also form chains, branched chains, and rings when connected to other carbon atoms.

The two characteristic features seen in carbon, that is, tetravalency and catenation, put together give rise to a large number of compounds. Many have the same non-carbon atom or group of atoms attached to different carbon chains.

Catenation: The property of forming long chains by self-linking with other carbon atoms to form long chains, rings, double or triple bonds is called catenation.

Isomerism: Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula are called isomers. An isomerism commonly seen is due to difference in the arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms & is called structural isomerism. The 4 types of structural isomerism are:

 Chain isomerism

 Position

 Functional

Metamerism

Tetravalency: Carbon has 4 electrons in its valence shell. Energy considerations do not allow it to gain or lose 4 electrons; therefore it forms covalent bonds with other elements to complete its octet. This accounts for its tetravalency and explains its ability to form a variety of compounds.

Answer:

The combustion will release -3,321 KJ/mol of energy

Explanation:

What we need to do here is to first calculate the number of moles of methane burnt.

Mathematically, the number of moles of methane burnt = mass of methane/molar mass of methane

Molar mass of methane = 16g /mol

Thus the

number of moles will be ;

59.7/16 = 3.73 moles

Now, 1 mole of methane produces -890 KJ/mol if energy

Then the energy produced by by 3.73 moles of methane would be 3.73 * 890 = -3,320.8125

which is approximately -3,321 KJ/mol

Kindly note that the amount of heat is negative because it is an exothermic reaction

Answer:

0.779

Explanation:

Determine the molecular weight of the hydrocarbon. We know that its vapor density is 29, which means that one mole of the hydrocarbon has a mass of 29 grams. Therefore, the molecular weight of the hydrocarbon is 29 g/mol.

Calculate the number of moles of the hydrocarbon. We can use the formula:

moles = mass / molecular weight

Substituting the values, we get:

moles = 29 g / 29 g/mol = 1 mol

Therefore, we have one mole of the hydrocarbon.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of the hydrocarbon in oxygen. The general equation is:

hydrocarbon + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

For one mole of the hydrocarbon, we need one mole of oxygen to completely burn it. The balanced equation is:

CnHm + (n+m/4) O2 → n CO2 + m/2 H2O

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide produced. We know that 1 mole of any gas at STP occupies 22.4 L. Therefore, one mole of carbon dioxide occupies 22.4 L. The volume of 448 ml of carbon dioxide at STP can be converted to liters:

448 ml = 0.448 L

The number of moles of carbon dioxide produced can be calculated using the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure (1 atm), V is the volume (0.448 L), n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant (0.0821 L atm/mol K), and T is the temperature (273 K). Substituting the values, we get:

n = PV/RT = (1 atm x 0.448 L) / (0.0821 L atm/mol K x 273 K) = 0.0177 mol

Therefore, 0.0177 moles of carbon dioxide are produced.

Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced. We can use the formula:

mass = moles x molecular weight

The molecular weight of carbon dioxide is 44 g/mol. Substituting the values, we get:

mass = 0.0177 mol x 44 g/mol = 0.779 g

Therefore, the mass of carbon dioxide produced is 0.779 grams.

Answer:

A. Polar Easterlies

B. Westerlies

C. Northeast Trades

D. Southeast Trades

E. Westerlies

F. Polar Easterlies

G. Hadley cell

Explanation:

I am pretty sure this is right. Hope that helps

Answer:

The guy above is correct. Gold is a pure substance.

49 becase you multilpy it

Explanation:

Charles's Law-

\(\:\:\:\:\:\: \:\:\:\:\:\:\star\longrightarrow\sf \underline{\dfrac{V_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{V_2}{T_2}}\\\)

Where:-

As per question, we are given that -

We are given the initial temperature and the final temperature in °C.So, we first have to convert those temperatures in Celsius to kelvin by adding 273-

\(\:\:\:\:\:\:\star\sf T_1\) = 250+ 273 = 523 K

\(\:\:\:\:\:\:\star\sf T_2\) =125+273 = 398K

Now that we have obtained all the required values, so we can put them into the formula and solve for V₂ :-

\(\:\:\:\:\:\: \:\:\:\:\:\:\star\longrightarrow\sf \underline{\dfrac{V_1}{T_1}=\dfrac{V_2}{T_2}}\\\)

\( \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf V_2= \dfrac{V_1}{T_1}\times T_2\\\)

\( \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf V_2= \dfrac{425}{523}\times 398\\\)

\( \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf V_2= 0.8126195..........\times 398\\\)

\(\:\:\:\:\:\: \:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf V_2 =323.4225.............\\\)

\( \:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\:\longrightarrow \sf\underline{ V_2= 323.42\:mL}\\\)

Therefore, the volume of this gas at 125°C will become 323.42 mL.

double-replacement reaction

Answer:

1. 111.54 kJ

2. 944.68 kJ

3. 339 kJ

4. 94.92 kJ

5. 21.0578 kJ

Explanation:

1. The heat required to melt a given quantity of ice is known as the latent heat of fusion, \(L^{\circ}_F\), of ice

\(L^{\circ}_F\), of ice = 330 J/g

The heat required to melt a given mass of ice = Mass of ice, m × latent heat of fusion, \(L^{\circ}_F\), of ice

The heat required to melt 338 grams of ice = 338 g × 330 J/g = 111,540 J = 111.54 kJ

2. The latent heat of vaporization, l, of water = 2260 J/g

The heat required to convert, m grams of water to steam at

The heat required to convert 418 grams of boiling water into steam = 418 g × 2260 J/g = 944680 J = 944.68 kJ

3. To convert 150 grams of boiling water to steam, we have;

Heat required = 150 g × 2260 J/g = 339,000 J = 339 kJ

4. To convert 42.0 grams of boiling water to steam, we have;

Heat required = 42.0 g × 2260 J/g = 94,920 J = 94.92 kJ

5. The specific heat capacity of steam is 1.996 J/(g·°C)

The heat, Q, required to raise a given mass, m, of steam by Δt °C is given as follows;

Q = m × c × Δt

The heat required to raise the temperature of 422 grams of steam from 110.0 °C to 135.0 °C is therefore;

Q = 422 g × 1.996 J/(g·°C) × (135.0 °C - 110.0 °C) = 21057.8 J

The heat required to raise the temperature of 422 grams of steam from 110.0 °C to 135.0 °C = 21057.8 J = 21.0578 kJ

Answer:

they regulate the amount of water in the body.

Explanation:

The kidneys help maintain homeostasis by regulating the concentration and volume of body fluids. For example, the amount of H+ and HCO3 - secreted by the kidneys controls the body's pH.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

In the decomposition of cobalt (II) chloride, chlorine is being oxidized.  In the decomposition of cobalt (II) chloride, the cobalt (II) chloride compound is being decomposed into its constituent elements, cobalt and chlorine.

The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

CoCl2 (s) → Co (s) + Cl2 (g)

As we can see from the chemical equation, cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) is being broken down into cobalt (Co) and chlorine gas (Cl2). Since cobalt is going from a +2 oxidation state in cobalt (II) chloride to 0 oxidation state in elemental cobalt, it is being reduced. On the other hand, chlorine is going from -1 oxidation state in cobalt (II) chloride to 0 oxidation state in elemental chlorine, it is being oxidized.

Therefore, in the decomposition of cobalt (II) chloride, chlorine is being oxidized.

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Fats or oils are created when the hydroxide group of glycerol combines in a dehydration synthesis process with the carboxyl group of fatty acids.

The building blocks of fat in our bodies and the food we eat are called fatty acids. During digestion, the body transforms lipids into fatty acids so they may be absorbed into the bloodstream. A molecule known as a triglyceride is created when three fatty acid molecules are linked together.

Saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids are all present in dietary fats. Even while meals include all three forms of fatty acids, they are frequently grouped according to the prevalent type.

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Answer:

Okay... good job

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is

Explanation:

The volume of a substance when given the density and mass can be found by using the formula

\(volume = \frac{mass}{density} \\ \)

From the question

mass of iron = 15.64 g

density = 2.27 g/cm³

The volume is

\(volume = \frac{15.64}{2.27} \\ = 6.889867841...\)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Therefore, the sample of nitrogen would occupy 8.37 liters at 32◦C if the pressure were increased to 810 torr.

To solve this problem, we can use the combined gas law, which relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a gas. The equation is as follows:
(P1V1)/T1 = (P2V2)/T2
Where P1, V1, and T1 are the initial pressure, volume, and temperature, respectively. P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume, respectively, that we are trying to find.
Plugging in the given values, we get:
(580 torr x 11.2 L)/305 K = (810 torr x V2)/305 K
Solving for V2, we get:
V2 = (580 torr x 11.2 L x 305 K)/(810 torr x 305 K) = 8.37 L
In summary, using the combined gas law formula, we can find the volume of a gas sample when the pressure and temperature change. In this case, the volume decreases when the pressure increases.

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Answer:

I dont understand what is the question you need help on-

Explanation:

Answer:

Because both the zones have different compositions.

Explanation:

The continental crust is composed of mainly graphite whereas the oceanic crust is made up of basalt. The oceanic plates are thinner than the continental plates. Also the oceanic plates are much denser as compared to the continental plates. Now the continental plates at the convergent boundary gained thickness as they are pushed upward. These plates or zones are of different composition an densities and so when they collide different features can be seen at the two conversion zones.

Explanation:

As the halogens become less reactive down the group, their oxidising ability decreases. Remember that oxidation is a gain of electrons. Halogens become less oxidising as you move down the group as it is more difficult to gain an electron.

A covalent compound is a compound with a metal and a nonmetal ion sharing valence electrons (option A).

A covalent compound is a molecule formed by covalent bonds, in which the atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.

Covalent bond is a type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons.

Chemical compounds are generally grouped into one of two categories as follows;

Covalent or molecular compounds generally result from two nonmetals reacting with each other. The elements form a compound by sharing electrons, resulting in an electrically neutral molecule.

Examples of covalent compounds are as follows:

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Answer:

Explanation:

The density of a substance can be found by using the formula

\(density = \frac{mass}{volume} \\\)

From the question

mass = 15 g

volume = 3 mL

We have

\(density = \frac{15}{3} = 5 \\ \)

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you.

the true statements are that essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet.

Essential amino acids are those that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet. They play crucial roles in protein synthesis and various biological processes. Based on this information, the correct options for describing essential amino acids are:

True:
- They cannot be synthesized by the body.
- They must be obtained through the diet.

False:
- They are only found in animal sources: Essential amino acids can be found in both animal and plant sources.
- They are not necessary for normal bodily functions: Essential amino acids are necessary for protein synthesis and various physiological processes.
- They are nonpolar: Essential amino acids can be both polar and nonpolar.

In summary, thethe true statements are that essential amino acids cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through the diet.

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Answer: Theoretical yield Is what you expect stoichiometrically from a chemical reaction; actual yield is what you actually get from a chemical reaction

Explanation:

When a reaction happens we can have two yields

Theoretical is proved before or stochiometrically tested multiple times and stored as theory which we expect

Actual yields is that which we get actually from our reaction

Water does  not stick to the leaves of the plant  owing to the fact that the leaves has a waterproof cuticle.

We know that the leaves are the parts of the plant that are involved in photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants produce their own food in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. We know that the leave has an outer protective covering.

The tissue that plays this outer covering of a plant for is the  epidermis and its waxy cuticle. It prevents damage to the plant.

Water does  not stick to the leaves of the plant  owing to the fact that the leaves has a waterproof cuticle.

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