Why is the petroleum ether placed in an ice water bath prior to washing the product on the filter?

Answers

Answer 1

Before washing the substance on the filter, petroleum ether is poured into an ice water bath to assist stop the product from dissolving.

Re-crystallization procedures only work based on the solubility properties of the compound of interest. The re-crystallization experiment cannot be performed using a solvent if the compound of interest is not soluble in it. For example, if I chose petroleum ether as my solvent instead of water, my recrystallization experiment will not work because acetanilide is not at all soluble in petroleum ether. In order for my recrystallization experiment to be successful, I need an efficient solvent for acetanilide. Acetanilide should only be dissolved by this solvent at temperatures above room temperature. Additionally, my solvent for acetanilide should be soluble for the impurities species at all temperatures. Since petroleum ether does not meet these requirements, the experiment will not be successful with petroleum ether.

Petroleum ether may not react with the product on the filter, however, the majority of organic molecules are generally non-polar and soluble in petroleum ether. Temperature lowers solubility Petroleum ether is cooled in an ice water bath to stop the product from dissolving in the solvent.

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Related Questions

there is an ice cream shop 6 blocks north of your hotel. how many minutes will it take to walk there and back

Answers

Answer:

This question is incomplete

Explanation:

This question is incomplete.

However, when all the required data are available, you can use the formula/steps below

Average speed/velocity (m/s) = distance (in metres) ÷ time (in seconds)

Time (in secs) = distance ÷ average speed/velocity

Kindly note that "blocks" is not a standard unit for distance measurement in science, hence the distance (since its a walking distance) must be in metres (or converted to metres if not in metres).

The distance in the formula is the distance from the hotel to the ice cream shop while the average speed is the distance covered per time as s/he walks to the ice cream shop and back. Hence, the answer gotten from the formula above will have to be multiplied by 2 (in order to get the time taken to walk to the ice cream shop and back) because the formula will only provide answer to one trip (time taken to walk to the shop).

After the multiplication mentioned above, the time in seconds should be converted to minutes by dividing the answer in seconds by 60

Does average mass depend on the number of particles in the sample? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the “average-of-averages” mass to calculate the expected mass of 100 particles?

(A lab on small scale matter and mole)

Answers

As long as the sample has the same number of atoms for both elements, the mass ratio is independent of the sample size.

The arithmetic mean is calculated by adding a set of numbers, dividing by their count, and then taking the result. The molecular masses of different substances vary. Therefore, variable numbers of atoms, molecules, or moles exist in masses of equal mass. On the other hand, equal quantities of moles of different substances have different masses. The result will be disproportionately impacted by the one data point if you attempt to calculate an "average of averages". In essence, the value of the average of 10,000 data points is the same as that of the average of a single data point.

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A 35.40 gram hydrate of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3•nH2O, is heated to a constant mass. Its final weight is 30.2 g. What is formula for the hydrate?A. Na2CO3∙1H2OB. Na2CO3∙2H2OC. Na2CO3D. Na2CO3∙3H2O

Answers

First, we have to calculate the molecular weights of each molecule:

\(\begin{gathered} Na_2CO_3\text{ : 23*2+12+16*3= 106 g/mol} \\ H_2O\text{ : 1*2+16= 18 g/mol} \end{gathered}\)

Then, we have to calculate the number of grams of water. We can calculate them because the process of evaporation lets us know the water amount that was retired:

\(g\text{ H}_2O\text{ = 35.40 g - 30.2 g=5.2 g H}_2O\)

Then, we're gonna convert the grams of sodium carbonate alone (30.2 g) and the grams of water to moles:

\(\begin{gathered} 30.2\text{ g Na}_2CO_3\text{ * }\frac{1\text{ mol}}{106\text{ g}}=\text{ 0.2849 mol Na}_2CO_3\text{ }\approx0.3\text{ mol Na}_2CO_3 \\ \\ 5.2\text{ g H}_2O\text{ * }\frac{1\text{ mol}}{18\text{ g}}=\text{ 0.288 mol H}_2O\text{ }\approx\text{ 0.3 mol H}_2O \end{gathered}\)

It means that the mole relation is 1:1 approx, as it is the same amount for both. Then, the formula is going to be:

\(Na_2CO_3\text{ . 1H}_2O\)

It means that the answer is A.

How many grams are there in 7.9 X 10^23 molecules of AgNO3?​

Answers

Answer:$$7.50 x 10^23$$

$$H_2SO_4$$?

Explanation:It is a fact that such a quantity has a mass of  

98.08

g

. Why? Because  

6.022

×

10

23

particles SPECIFIES a molar quantity. And we know (or can calculate) that sulfuric acid has a molar mass of  

98.08

g

...  

what events are typically earthquakes near large bodies of water

Answers

Answer:

tsunamis

they are literally water earthquakes that force tons of water ashore and wipes out cities and towns

5.6 × 1012 / 3.5 × 109 = A × 10B

Answers

Answer:

B= 17649.28/A

Explanation:

sodium iodide + magnesium chlorate → magnesium iodide + sodium chlorate

Answers

Answer:

whats the question even ??/?

Explanation:

Round the the number below to the following places:
1254.6027
Rounded to the nearest... Correctly Rounded Number (Answer)
1000 place
100 place
10 place
1 place
10th place
100th place
1000th place

Answers

Answer: 1265.6037

Explanation:

What current (in a) is required to plate out 2. 96 g of nickel from a solution of ni2 in 27. 12 minutes?

Answers

The current required to plate out 2.96 g of nickel from the solution of Ni²⁺ in 27.12 minutes is 5.95 A

Balanced equation

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation showing the number of faraday required to plate nickel. This is given below

Ni²⁺ + 2e —> Ni

Molar mass of Ni = 59 g/mol

Mass of Ni from the balanced equation = 1 × 59 = 59 g

Number of faraday = 2 F

1 faraday = 96500 C

2 faraday = 2 × 96500 = 193000 C

SUMMARY

From the balanced equation above,

59 g of Nickel was deposited by 193000 C of electricity

How to determine the quantity of electricity

From the balanced equation above,

59 g of Nickel was deposited by 193000 C of electricity

Therefore,

2.96 g of Nickel will be deposited by = (2.96 × 193000) / 59 = 9682.71 C of electricity

How to determine the current Quantity of electricity (Q) = 9682.71 CTime (t) = 27.12 mins = 27.12 × 60 = 1627.2 sCurrent (I) =?

I = Q / t

I = 9682.71 / 1627.2

I = 5.95 A

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The current required to plate out 2. 96 g of nickel from a solution of ni2 in 27. 12 minutes is 5.95 ampere.

What is current?

Current is a charged particle moving through an electrical conductor.

The equation is \(\rm Ni^2^+ + 2e = Ni\)

step 1: calculate the mass of Ni

Molar mass of Ni is 59 g/mol

59 × 1 = 59 g

Step2: calculate the number of Faraday

no. of Faraday is 2F

1 Faraday = 96500 C

then, 2 Faraday is equal to 2 × 96500 = 193000 C

Step 3: calculate the quantity of electricity

59 g of Nickel is deposited by, 193000 C of electricity

So, for 2.96 g of nickel

\(\dfrac{2. 96\;g \times 193000}{59} = 9682.71 \;C\)

Step4: calculate the current:

Electricity Q = 9682.71 C

Time = \(27.12 \times 60 = 1627.2 \;s\)

To find current

\(I = \dfrac{Q}{t} \\\\I = \dfrac{9682.71 }{1627.2}\\I = 5.95 A\)

Thus, the current required is 5.95 ampere.

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Calculate the mass of one molecule of propane (C_3H_8)​

Answers

Propane is 44.1 grams

How widespread are the trilobite fossils?

Answers

Answer:

Trilobite fossils are found worldwide, with many thousands of known species. ... Because of their diversity and an easily fossilized exoskeleton, they left an extensive fossil record with some 17,000 known species spanning Paleozoic time.

Let me know if this help

Explanation:

Depending on the area and the movement of the plates, the fossils would be kind of close to each other. Maybe about a couple feet at the farthest in one area, almost everywhere.

on the basis of the information above, which of the following arranges the binary compounds in order of increasing bond polarity

Answers

Taking into account the data in the table, the binary compounds are arranged in ascending order of bond polarity as follows:

CH4 < SIC14 < SF4

What is Bond polarity ?

When there is a significant variation in the electronegativity of the atoms, the bond is said to be polar.

If we examine the variations in electronegativity between the atoms, we find that;

C - H = 2.5 - 2.1 = 0.4

Si - CI = 3.0 - 1.8 = 1.2

S - F = 4.0 - 2.5 = 1.5

We may observe that the biggest difference in electronegativity and

The Si-CI bond has the second-highest polarity, the S-F bond has the highest polarity, and the CH bond has the lowest electronegativity difference and polarity.

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what happens to the rate if the concentration of chlorocyclopentane is tripled and the concentration of sodium hydroxide reamins the same

Answers

The rate of the reaction between chlorocyclopentane and sodium hydroxide will increase when the concentration of chlorocyclopentane is tripled and the concentration of sodium hydroxide remains the same.

This is due to the fact that increasing the concentration of a reactant increases the frequency of collisions between particles of the reactants, resulting in a higher reaction rate.

When a reactant's concentration is increased, the number of molecules or atoms per unit volume also increases. As a result, the frequency of collisions between the reactant particles increases.

The greater the frequency of collisions between the reactant particles, the greater the chance of a successful reaction, thus increasing the reaction rate.

When the concentration of one of the reactants is increased and the concentration of the other reactant remains the same, the reaction rate increases.

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If an atom has 6 electrons in its valence shell, how many will it want to gain or loose?

Answers

Answer:

gain2 electrons

Explanation:

that the answer to that question

which of the following is a scientific question about the cuttlefish?

Answers

Answer:

How does the cuddle fish change its colors?

Please tell me if I'm wrong.

Which of the following properties is responsible for the movement of tectonic
plates?
Temperature of oceanic crust
Thickness of Earth's layers
Density of continental crust
Convection currents in the asthenosphere

Answers

Convection currents

At 25 degrees Celcius and 1 atm, which of the following gases shows the greatest deviation from ideal behavior? Give two reasons for your choice
CH4
SO2
O2
H2

Answers

Among the given gases, the gas that shows the greatest deviation from ideal behavior at 25 degrees Celsius and 1 atm is likely to be H2 (hydrogen).

1. Size and shape of molecules: Hydrogen gas (H2) consists of diatomic molecules that are very small in size. The size of the hydrogen molecule is relatively larger compared to other gases such as CH4 (methane), SO2 (sulfur dioxide), and O2 (oxygen). The small size of hydrogen molecules leads to a higher probability of molecular interactions and deviations from ideal behavior.

2. Intermolecular forces: Hydrogen gas has relatively weak intermolecular forces compared to other gases. Although it exhibits London dispersion forces, these forces are not as strong as the dipole-dipole interactions in molecules like SO2 and CH4 or the formation of double bonds in O2. The weaker intermolecular forces in hydrogen contribute to larger deviations from ideal behavior.

Based on the size and shape of molecules as well as the strength of intermolecular forces, hydrogen gas (H2) is expected to show the greatest deviation from ideal behavior among the given gases at 25 degrees Celsius and 1 atm.

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Data that is collected that is mostly numbers?

Answers

Answer:

statistics

Explanation:

statistics is the study of using numbers to express data

C2h4+3o2——>2co2+2h2o enthalpy

Answers

♧ For the reaction

C2H4(g)+3O2→2CO2(g)+2H2O(l); ΔU=−1415kJ.

according to the phase diagram below a sample of water exists in two phas w at a pressure of 1 atm and a temperature of 0C

according to the phase diagram below a sample of water exists in two phas w at a pressure of 1 atm and

Answers

If the pressure is increased from 1 atm to 10 atm maintaining the constant temperature of 0℃, Ice will change to liquid water

We know that, pressure is inversely proportional to volume. When pressure in a system increases, the volume would decrease or vice versa.

In the given scenario, the pressure is increased from 1 atm to 10 atm. As the pressure is increased, the volume would decrease.

At 0℃, the volume of ice is higher than the volume of water. The forward reaction is the formation of water which has lower volume from ice. Thus, increasing the pressure would cause the ice to melt and results in the formation of water in liquid state.

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Neon is located in the last group of the periodic table. How many valence electrons does the element neon have? (5 points)

1

2

4

8

Answers

Answer:

it's 8

Explanation:

the last group of the periodic table is group 8. so all elements in a group should have the same number of valency electrons

An increase in the riskiness of corporate bonds will ________ the yield on corporate bonds and ________ the yield on treasury securities, everything else held constant.

Answers

'An increase in the riskiness of corporate bonds will increase the yield on corporate bonds and reduce the yield on treasury securities, everything else held constant.

Bonds in various cases are subject to the risk of interest rate since rising rates will be resulting in falling prices and also vice-versa. Inflation procedures also have the capacity to erode the real value of a  face value of a particular bond, which is termed a particular concern for many longer debts under maturity.

Since whenever the risk-free type rate of a specific return rises, yields of the corporate bond must rise to compensate as well. When higher yields are added to increased costs, which will create even more cases of vulnerability to stumble in economic part.

Corporate bonds are offering a higher yield than many other investments of fixed income, but only for a price in terms of risk that is added. Most corporate bonds not being secured by collateral. Investors in such types of bonds must assume not only the risk of interest rate but also the main credit risk, where the chance that the corporate issuer will be defaulting on part of obligations of death.

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a 10 kg box sits on the floor. approximately how high would you have to lift the box to increase gravitational potentail energy by 350j

Answers

Answer:

3.5 meters

Explanation:

you can write any program using only sequence structures.

Answers

It is not possible to write any program using only sequence structures.

Sequence structures, which involve executing instructions in a sequential order, are a fundamental part of programming. However, to create meaningful and functional programs, additional control structures such as conditionals (if statements) and loops are necessary. These control structures allow for decision-making and repetition, enhancing the capabilities and flexibility of a program.

While sequence structures alone provide a basic foundation for organizing instructions, they are limited in their ability to create complex programs. Incorporating control structures like conditionals and loops is essential for implementing logic, branching, and repetitive tasks in programming. Therefore, the combination of sequence structures with other control structures is crucial for building robust and functional programs.

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In a separate location, take notes from the sources you’ve identified. The notes will provide details for your paper. While taking notes, you may want to use these reading strategies. Use these sources if you find them helpful: Using your notes, compare the features of analog and digital signals in the table provided. Include one to three points for each feature and type of signal.

In a separate location, take notes from the sources youve identified. The notes will provide details

Answers

Answer:

Here is every answer for analog and digital (in order)

Analog:

Signal Shape: Smooth and continuousNumerical Values for Signal Measurements: Analog signals represent one continuous variable as the result of another continuous time-based variable. They are capable of outputting continuous information with a theoretically infinite number of possible values.Amount of Data that can be transmitted: analog circuits can conduct only fairly low-speed data communications. The maximum data rate over an analog facility is 33.6K bps when there are analog loops at either end. With 56K bps modems, only one end of the loop can be analog. The other end of the connection has to be digital. Energy requirements: light, sound, temperature, position, and pressurePrivacy and security (ability of the signal to be encoded in a secret code): not encryptedClarity of Signal: noise affects clarity and quality, noise is amplified, amplified noise causes more random information in the signal, signal bandwidth is low

Digital (in order):

Signal shape: stepping, square, and discreteNumerical Values for Signal Measurements: digital communication methods transmit a complete measured value, in other words both a numeric value and a unit of measurement Amount of data that can be transmitted: First of all, it is theoretically possible to transmit digital signals directly. Unfortunately when we use capacitors and inductors (energy storage devices) to match the impedance from the transmitter to the air (low impedance transistor say 5 ohms to 388 ohms (air)) these components introduce a bandwidth limiting match. Since all impulse functions have infinite bandwidth (transmitting a 1 and a zero) the bandwidth of the transceiver must be multi octave in order to have any reasonable efficiency. Systems engineers simplify the problem by introducing direct sequence modulation where a carrier is modulated 0/180 degrees dependent on the data rate.Energy requirements: voltage, accoustic pressure, and magnetization of a magnetic storage mediaPrivacy and security: encryptedClarity of signal: noise is lower in amplitude, electronics can ignore the noise, quality of signal is maintained, signal is high

Explanation:

I did mine in bullet points, hopefully this helped!

Analog:

Signal Shape: Smooth and continuous

Numerical Values for Signal Estimations: Analog signals speak to one ceaseless variable as the result of another ceaseless time-based variable.

Amount of Information that can be transmitted: analog circuits can conduct as it were reasonably low-speed information communications.

Energy necessities: light, sound, temperature, position, and pressure Privacy and security : not encrypted

Clarity of Signal: clamor influences clarity and quality, commotion is amplified,

Digital:

Signal shape: stepping, square, and discrete

Numerical Values for Signal Measurements: digital communication methods transmit a complete measured value, in other words both a numeric value and a unit of measurement

Amount of data that can be transmitted: First of all, it is theoretically possible to transmit digital signals directly.

Energy requirements: voltage, accoustic pressure.

Privacy and security: encrypted

Clarity of signal: noise is lower in amplitude, electronics can ignore the noise, quality of signal is maintained, signal is high

Analog and digital is :

Analog signal could be a continuous signal which speaks to physical estimations.

Digital signals are discrete time signals created by computerized balance.

Example :Human voice in discuss, analog electronic gadgets. Computers, CDs, DVDs, and other advanced electronic gadgets.

What materials you can use to burn without using wood or any other stuff that are made from plants and trees.

Answers

Alternative materials for burning, excluding wood and plant-based sources, include fossil fuels like coal, natural gas, oil, propane, as well as hydrogen gas.

1. Charcoal: This is a carbon-rich material made by burning wood in the absence of oxygen. It provides a clean and efficient fuel source for burning.

2. Natural gas: It is a fossil fuel composed mainly of methane. Natural gas is widely used for heating and cooking purposes and can be burned in gas stoves, heaters, and fireplaces.

3. Propane: This is a hydrocarbon gas that is stored in pressurized tanks. Propane is commonly used for heating, cooking, and outdoor grilling.

4. Coal: It is a fossil fuel formed from ancient plant remains. Coal is widely used for power generation and heating purposes. However, it is important to note that coal combustion releases harmful pollutants and contributes to environmental issues.

5. Oil: Also known as petroleum, oil is a fossil fuel used for various purposes including heating and transportation. It can be burned in oil furnaces and boilers.

6. Peat: It is partially decayed plant material found in wetlands. Peat can be dried and used as a fuel source, particularly in regions where it is abundant.

7. Propane and butane mixtures: These gases are commonly used in portable camping stoves and can be burned without the need for wood or plant-based materials.

It is worth noting that while these materials can be used as alternative fuel sources, their environmental impact and efficiency can vary. It is important to consider factors such as emissions, availability, and sustainability when choosing a fuel source.

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Why was periodic table developed​

Answers

Answer:

The periodic table was created to organize the elements and provide physical and chemical properties, also to group with elements like it.

Hope this helps

In 1869 Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev started the development of the periodic table, arranging chemical elements by atomic mass. He predicted the discovery of other elements, and left spaces open in his periodic table for them.

Scientists often have to deal with numbers that are either very large or very small. For example, the radius of the Sun is approximately 696,000 kilometers, while bacterial cells are as small as 1.9 × 10-4 millimeters. Express each number in an alternate form.

Answers

Answer:

The radius of the Sun is 6.96 x 10⁵ km

Each bacterial cell is 0.00019 mm wide.

Which one of the following substances will have both dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces?
A) HCl
B)BCl3
C) Br2
D) H2
E) CO2

Answers

A) HCl

Dispersion forces are present in all molecules, as they result from temporary fluctuations in electron density. Dipole-dipole forces, on the other hand, are present in molecules with permanent dipole moments.

HCl has both dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces because it has a permanent dipole moment due to the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and chlorine atoms, which results in partial positive and negative charges on the respective atoms. This dipole moment results in dipole-dipole forces, while the molecule also has dispersion forces due to temporary fluctuations in electron density.

Out of the given options, only HCl has both dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces.

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What is the solvent used in the reduction of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone

Answers

The solvent used in the reduction of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone can vary depending on the specific method being employed.

One common method for the reduction of carbonyl compounds, including 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone, is catalytic hydrogenation. In this method, the solvent used is typically an organic solvent such as methanol, ethanol, or tetrahydrofuran. The choice of solvent can have an effect on the rate and selectivity of the reaction, as well as the solubility of the starting material and the product.

Another method for the reduction of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone is using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. In this case, the solvent used can also vary but is often a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide.

Regardless of the specific method and solvent used, the reduction of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone involves the addition of hydrogen atoms to the carbonyl group, resulting in the formation of a corresponding alcohol. This reaction can be useful for the synthesis of a variety of compounds in organic chemistry.

The solvent used in the reduction of 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone is typically an alcohol, such as ethanol or isopropanol. In this reaction, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanone undergoes reduction to form the corresponding alcohol, 4-tert-butylcyclohexanol. The solvent plays an essential role in providing a suitable medium for the reaction to take place, allowing the reactants to mix effectively and promoting the reduction process. Using an appropriate solvent helps to achieve the desired product yield and purity.

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