You are working in a lab studying mRNAs from many different species. You need to distinguish between mRNAs in a mixed sample. You begin by having all of the mRNAs sequenced, including the mitochondrial mRNAs. You notice a high number of C to U conversions in the mitochondrial mRNAs from a certain portion of the sample. You conclude that this portion of the sample is from __________.
Answers
The sample is from a species that undergoes RNA editing in its mitochondria. C to U conversions are a common type of RNA editing, where cytosine (C) residues in the mRNA are enzymatically converted to uracil (U) residues.
This process can lead to changes in the protein-coding sequence or regulatory regions of the mRNA, resulting in functional changes in the corresponding protein.
RNA editing is known to occur in the mitochondria of some species, particularly in certain organisms with unique mitochondrial genetic systems, such as kinetoplastids and some vertebrates.
Therefore, the high number of C to U conversions in the mitochondrial mRNAs suggests that this portion of the sample is from a species that undergoes RNA editing in its mitochondria.
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Related Questions
Natural selection favors variation, which increases the ability of the individual to reproduce and pass the trait on to the next generation, and acts against detrimental traits. (T/F)
Answers
Natural selection favours diversity, which improves an individual's capacity to reproduce and pass on the characteristic to the next generation, while acting to weed out undesirable qualities. Hence it is true.
A kind of natural selection when a single phenotype is favoured, resulting in a constant change in the allele frequency in one direction. Natural selection's mechanism of disruption is called diversifying or disruptive selection. These helpful qualities spread across the population over time. Positive qualities are passed down across generations through this process of natural selection. It is possible for natural selection to result in speciation, in which one species gives rise to a brand-new, distinctly unique species.
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microchip brain implants are now used on a regular basis for the treatment of
Answers
Answer: Parkinson's disease and clinical depression
Explanation:
Neural implants such as deep brain stimulation and Vagus nerve stimulation are increasingly becoming routine for patients with Parkinson's disease and clinical depression, respectively.
Which statement is FALSE about epigenetic modifications?
a. The tails of the nucleosome octamer components can be modified with methylation
b. The tails of the nucleosome octamer components can be modified with acetylation
c. Only non-DNA components of chromatin are modified with epigenetic markers
d. Epigenetic modifications control whether a region is euchromatin or heterochromatin
Answers
The false statement about epigenetic modifications is:
c. Only non-DNA components of chromatin are modified with epigenetic markers.
Epigenetic modifications refer to changes in gene expression that do not involve changes to the underlying DNA sequence. These modifications can be inherited and can influence how genes are turned on or off in different cells or at different stages of development.
a. The tails of the nucleosome octamer components can be modified with methylation: This statement is true. Methylation of the tails of nucleosome octamer components, which are made up of histone proteins, can affect gene expression by either activating or repressing the associated genes.
b. The tails of the nucleosome octamer components can be modified with acetylation: This statement is also true. Acetylation of histone tails is another type of epigenetic modification that can influence gene expression. Acetylation generally leads to gene activation by relaxing the chromatin structure and allowing transcription factors to access the DNA.
d. Epigenetic modifications control whether a region is euchromatin or heterochromatin: This statement is true. Epigenetic modifications play a crucial role in determining whether a region of DNA is in a euchromatin state, which is more accessible for gene expression, or a heterochromatin state, which is more condensed and less accessible for gene expression.
In summary, the false statement is c. Only non-DNA components of chromatin are modified with epigenetic markers. Epigenetic modifications can occur on both DNA and non-DNA components of chromatin, such as histone proteins. These modifications can have significant impacts on gene expression and are essential for cellular development and function.
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How does double circulation prevent the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
Answers
Answer:
By the process of double circulation the oxygenated blood go through its own path and deoxygenated blood go through its own path
What is the arrow pointing to?
hydrogen ion
water
hydroxide ion
proton
hydronium ion
Answers
The arrow points to the hydroxide ion.
What is an ion?
An ion is a specie that is formed by the loss or gain of electrons. Thus any specie that carries a charge whether positive or negative could be called an ion. In this case, we have a system that has three ions in it. The hydrogen ions, the hydroxide ions and the hydronium ions.
As we can see, the red color stands for oxygen, the grey color stands for hydrogen. Looking at the image, we can see that the direction in which the arrow point is a specie that has only red and ash colors thus this corresponds to the hydroxide ion.
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In a study of self-adhesive bandages, a doctor wanted to see if there was truly a difference in the healing time between the selfadhesive bandages preloaded with antibiotic and the self-adhesive bandages used with an antibiotic applied to the wound. The doctor randomly selected 100 patients to participate in the study and divided them into two groups of 50 -Group 1 using the bandages preloaded with antibiotic and Group 2 using the bandages with the same amount of antibiotic applied to the wound first. In both groups, the amount of time, in days, it took for the wound to heal was recorded. In Group 1, the mean healing time was 1.60 days with a standard deviation of 0.51, and the mean for Group 2 was 3.28 days with a standard deviation of 0.76. (a) Which of the following is the best way to describe this study? Experiment with 2 treatments: the bandages with antibiotic and the bandages with antibiotic applied first Observational study Experiment with 1 treatment: the type of antibiotic used Experiment with 1 treatment: the types of bandages used (b) Calculate the critical value we would use for a 99% confidence interval for difference in the population means? (Use a table or technology. Round your answer to three decimal places.) x (c) Find the 99% confidence interval for the difference in true mean healing time in wounds between the bandages with preloaded antibiotic and the bandages with antibiotic applied to the wound first. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) We can be 99% confident that the difference in true mean healing time in wounds for the bandages with preloaded antibiotic and the bandages with antibiotic applied to the wound first is between A confidence interval is of the form Point Estimate ± Margin of Error., A confidence interval is of the form Point Estimate ± Margin of Error.). (d) Determine whether the following statement is true or false. If zero lies in the interval, then there is sufficient evidence of a significant difference between the mean healing times for the 2 different bandages. True False
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
(a) The best way to describe this study is: Experiment with 2 treatments: the bandages with antibiotic and the bandages with antibiotic applied first.
(b) To calculate the critical value for a 99% confidence interval for the difference in population means, we need to find the t-value. Since the sample size is relatively large (n = 50), we can use the normal distribution approximation. The critical value for a 99% confidence level corresponds to the z-value at the 0.995 percentile. Using a standard normal distribution table or technology, the critical value is approximately 2.576 (rounded to three decimal places).
(c) To calculate the 99% confidence interval for the difference in true mean healing time between the two types of bandages, we can use the formula:
Confidence Interval = (mean1 - mean2) ± (critical value * standard error)
where:
mean1 = mean healing time for Group 1 (bandages with preloaded antibiotic)
mean2 = mean healing time for Group 2 (bandages with antibiotic applied first)
critical value = 2.576 (from part b)
standard error = sqrt[(variance1/n1) + (variance2/n2)]
Substituting the given values into the formula:
mean1 = 1.60
mean2 = 3.28
standard deviation1 = 0.51
standard deviation2 = 0.76
n1 = n2 = 50
standard error = sqrt[(0.51^2/50) + (0.76^2/50)]
≈ sqrt[0.002601 + 0.009216]
≈ sqrt(0.011817)
≈ 0.1086 (rounded to four decimal places)
Confidence Interval = (1.60 - 3.28) ± (2.576 * 0.1086)
= -1.68 ± 0.2798
= (-1.96, -1.40) (rounded to two decimal places)
Therefore, we can be 99% confident that the difference in true mean healing time in wounds for the bandages with preloaded antibiotic and the bandages with antibiotic applied to the wound first is between -1.96 and -1.40 days.
(d) The statement is true. If the confidence interval includes zero, it means that zero is within the range of plausible values for the difference in mean healing times. This suggests that there is insufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant difference between the mean healing times for the two different bandages.
Cells use the energy available in food to make a final energy-rich
compound called?
A.water
B.glucose
C.ATP
D.synthesis
Answers
Answer:
C. ATP
I hope this helps!
Answer:
ATP
Explanation:
ATP is a compound (stands for adenosine triphosphate) that provides energy.
All existing matter and space is referred to as the _______________
Answers
Answer:
The universe is the answer
Answer:
The cosmos?
Explanation:
the drainage pattern that has a pattern that looks like a branching tree is called: dendritic trellis annular radial
Answers
The drainage pattern that has a pattern that looks like a branching tree is called a.) Dendritic.
What is a drainage pattern with dendritic and trellis?This pattern, known as a dendritic pattern, appears where the river channel follows the terrain's slope. The name "dendritic" comes from how the stream and its tributaries resemble tree branches. Trellis pattern: A trellis pattern forms when a river's tributaries are linked at roughly right angles.
What is the drainage pattern for the trellis?These appear where sedimentary strata have been bent or tilted, and depending on the strength of the eroded material, to varied degrees. In this form, the main stream and the short succeeding streams intersect at an angle. Diverse erosion through soft rocks makes way for tributaries.
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Distinguish between sensation and perception in the human nervous system. Provide an example of how you can have sensation without perception. Can you have perception without sensation? Explain.
Answers
When sensory receptors pick up on sensory stimuli, sensation happens. Organisation, interpretation, and conscious awareness of those feelings are all part of perception.
Absolute and difference thresholds, which refer to the minimum stimulus energy or the minimum difference in stimulus energy needed to be detected roughly 50% of the time, are present in all sensory systems.
For instance, when someone enters a kitchen and smells the aroma of cinnamon rolls baking, their sense of smell registers the flavour of cinnamon, but their perception may be, "Mmm, this smells like the bread Grandma used to bake when the family gathered for holidays."
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The shadow zone exists due to the of seismic waves.
O A. reflection
O B. refraction
O C. absorption
OD. deletion
Answers
Answer:
B. refraction
Explanation: hope this helps!
The shadow zone exists due to the effect of seismic waves is the refraction. Thus, the correct option will be B.
What is Refraction?Refraction can be defined as the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another medium. The redirection of the waves in a medium can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium of wave.
Seismic waves are the waves which follow the same law of refraction at the compositional boundaries. If the seismic wave velocity in the rock below a boundary is increasing then, the waves will be refracted in the upward direction and this speed up relative to their original path of movement.
Therefore, the correct option will be B.
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What are safety models and what are their purpose of different component of models how do we understand accident theory using models ? Compare and write down different types of models functions and their relationship?
Answers
Safety models are used in industries to help identify, analyze and predict possible hazards that might be encountered while working. They are used to manage risks, improve safety, and enhance the quality of life by ensuring that safety measures are in place to prevent accidents.
The purpose of safety models is to provide a systematic framework for identifying and controlling hazards in order to prevent accidents. The models are typically used to identify hazards, assess their risks, and develop control measures to minimize the risk of accidents. Safety models can be used for various purposes, such as evaluating the safety of a new design, identifying potential hazards in an existing system, or analyzing an accident or incident to determine the cause and prevent recurrence
Hazard identification - This involves identifying potential hazards associated with a particular activity or process.2. Risk analysis - This involves assessing the likelihood and consequences of the hazards identified.3. Risk evaluation - This involves evaluating the risks associated with the hazards identified and determining the best course of action to minimize those risks.4. Risk control - This involves developing and implementing control measures to minimize the likelihood and severity of accidents safety management - This involves managing the safety of a system or process to ensure that it operates safely and effectively.
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True or False? Because phytochemicals are derived from plant foods, they are nutritionally superior to zoochemicals.
Answers
False. Bioactive substances found in plant and animal foods are known as phytochemicals and zoochemicals. Both types of compounds can provide nutritional advantages and play important roles in health promotion.
Plant foods such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds contain phytochemicals such as antioxidants and flavonoids. They are known for being capable of benefits to health, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as their ability to support immune function.
Zoochemicals, on the other hand, are bioactive substances found in meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Omega-3 fatty acids and various other vitamins and minerals are examples of zoochemicals. These compounds can also provide nutritional benefits and play important roles in promoting the health and well-being of organisms.
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Phytochemicals and zoochemicals are not inherently superior or inferior to one another. Both contain beneficial compounds that contribute to human health and are important for a balanced diet. So the given statement is false.
Explanation:The statement that phytochemicals are nutritionally superior to zoochemicals because they are derived from plant foods is not necessarily true. Phytochemicals are compounds produced by plants that have health benefits, but zoochemicals, which are compounds derived from animal products, have their benefits as well.
For instance, many phytochemicals have been found to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and antioxidant properties. On the other hand, zoochemicals like omega-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid have been linked to benefits such as heart health and cancer prevention.
So, it's not accurate to say one is nutritionally superior to the other generally. Both have different compounds that contribute beneficially to our health and are important in a balanced diet.
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I NEED HELP THIS IS TIMED
Select from the drop-down menus to label the a, b, and c parts of the bony fish.
Answers
Answer: WHat are the choices
Explanation:
What is the missing word? In aerobic respiration, glucose and oxygen are used up and carbon dioxide, __________ and energy are released.
Answers
Answer:
I think water ?
Which statement best explains why cells were observed in more detail using a compound microscope than a simple microscope?
A compound microscope has greater magnification ability than a simple microscope.
The compound microscope was invented before the simple microscope.
A compound microscope is much easier to manufacture than a simple microscope.
Compound microscopes were more common than simple microscopes.
Answers
Answer:
the top one
Explanation:
a compound microscope has greater magnification than a simple microscope.
Answer:
The answer you're looking for is A.
Explanation:
A compound microscope has a greater magnification ability than a simple microscope. Also if you can can you mark me as brainliest? I need to get to virtuoso rank please!!
Elements such as carbon can move through the
environment and organisms in a cycle because
living and nonliving things interact in _______.
A. cells
B. species
C. organisms
D. ecosystems
Answers
Elements such as carbon can move through the environment and organisms in a cycle because living and nonliving things interact in ecosystem. The correct option is D.
What is an ecosystem?An ecosystem is made up of all the organisms and the physical environment in which they live.
These biotic and abiotic elements are linked by nutrient cycles and energy flows. Photosynthesis introduces energy into the system, which is then incorporated into plant tissue.
Healthy ecosystems clean even our own water, purify our air, keep our soil in good condition, regulate the climate, recycle nutrients, and provide us with food.
They supply raw materials and resources for pharmaceuticals and other uses. They are the foundation of all civilization and the lifeblood of our economies.
Because living and nonliving things interact in an ecosystem, elements such as carbon can move through the environment and organisms in a cycle.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Sections of copied DNA created on the lagging strand
Answers
Explanation:
Okazaki fragments
The short segments of newly assembled DNA from which the lagging strand is built are called Okazaki fragments. As replication proceeds and nucleotides are added to the sugar end of the Okazaki fragments, they come to meet each other. The whole thing is then stitched together by another enzyme called DNA ligase.
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8. The nervous tissue is formed from which of the following embryonic tissue?
A. Mesoderm
B. Endoderm
C. Epidermis
D. Ectoderm
Answers
which of the following organelles are found in plant cells but not animal cells
Answers
Answer:
The plant cells have cell wall, plastids, chloroplasts. These organelles are NOT present in animal cells.
What are the features of bacterial genetic material?
#1
Bacterial genetic material is associated with proteins and consists of several small DNA molecules with a single copy of each gene.
#2
Bacterial genetic material is not associated with proteins, and consists of a DNA loop with a single copy of each gene.
#3
Bacterial genetic material is associated with proteins and consists of a DNA loop with multiple copies of each gene.
#4
Bacterial genetic material is not associated with proteins, and consists of several small DNA molecules with multiple copies of each gene.
Answers
Answer:
the answer is 2#
Explanation:
the CDMA
Answer:
Bacterial genetic material is not associated with proteins, and consists of a DNA loop with a single copy of each gene.
 The tool that measures air pressure is called what?
Answers
Answer: A barometer !
Explanation:
Hoped this helped ! :)
Cervical Spine: Complex Series of Joints-
- The ZPJ's, together w/ the U-V joints are considered by many to make an important contribution to (mobility/stability) by restraining excessive movement and thus protecting the ____ from severe torsional strain
Answers
The ZPJ's, together with the U-V joints, are considered by many to make an important contribution to stability by restraining excessive movement and thus protecting the cervical spine from severe torsional strain.
The ZPJ (Zygapophyseal Joints) and U-V joints (Uncovertebral Joints) are important components of the cervical spine that contribute to stability by restraining excessive movement and thus protecting the spinal cord from severe torsional strain. ZPJ, or Zygapophyseal Joints, are also known as facet joints. These are synovial joints that connect the vertebrae in the spine, allowing for smooth motion and providing support for the spinal column.
U-V joints, or Uncovertebral Joints, are small, paired joints found in the cervical spine between C3 and C7 vertebrae. These joints are formed between the uncinate process of the lower vertebra and the upper vertebra's vertebral body, providing stability and guiding the motion of the cervical spine.
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The presence of calcium in the sarcoplasm is directly responsible for __________. Multiple choice 1 decreasing the length of the myosin myofilament energizing the myosin heads degrading the actin binding sites on the myosin the movement of actin towards the M line exposing the binding sites on actin 2. Rigor mortis occurs after death because __________. Multiple choice 2 actin binding sites become permanently blocked so that crossbridge formation cannot occur no calcium is present to bind to the regulatory protein tropomyosin detachment of crossbridges does not occur due to the lack of ATP the power stroke becomes stronger after death the muscle fibers release sodium into the extracellular fluid
Answers
This is defined as the the cytoplasm of striated muscle cells in living organisms .When calcium is present, the binding sites on actin are exposed.
Rigor mortis occurs after death and involves stiffening of the muscle tissue because detachment of cross bridges does not occur due to the lack of ATP.
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Scientit can ue elective breeding to produce chicken with no feather. Explain how a chicken with no feather can be produced by elective breeding
Answers
Answer:
Artificial selection and inbreeding.
Explanation:
The chicken with no feather is developed by years of natural breeding techniques. The breeding species are selected by man. Therefore, it is formed by artificial selection and inbreeding methods.
Two weather stations are located near each other. The air
pressure at each station is changing so that the difference
between the pressure is increasing. The wind speed
between these two locations will probably
A) decrease
B) remain the same
C) increase
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
when the speed of wind increases the air pressure reduces and vise versa
Which statement is true about prokaryotic cells?
I NEED HELP ASAP PLEASE
Answers
Answer:
A. They contain a single circular DNA molecule.
Explanation:
suppose a carbon dioxide molecule leaves a respiring muscle cell in the leg and is transported in blood to the lungs. it moves through
1) heart
2) systemitic vein
3) alveolar capillaries
4) pulmonary artetry
5) capillaries near muscle cells
in what order does this carbon dioxide molecule encounter these structures?
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
the carbon dioxide molecule encounters the structures in the following order: 5) capillaries near muscle cells, 2) systemic vein, 1) heart, 4) pulmonary artery, and 3) alveolar capillaries.
All living organisms, including animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, and protists, must perform certain processes in order to survive. For
example, all living organisms must be able to obtain energy so they can use that energy to perform their life functions. In what part
of a living organism do these life functions occur?
Answers
Answer:
the cell im assuming. wait for another answer tho because I could be wrong
Answer: D. cells
Explanation: Green plants and some bacteria and protists obtain energy by absorbing light energy from the Sun to make sugar, a process known as photosynthesis. Animals, fungi, and other bacteria and protists obtain energy by consuming plants or other organisms. Then, once the energy is obtained, the energy is released through a process known as cellular respiration.
These life functions (e.g., waste breakdown and removal, growth and division, transport, respiration) occur in the cells of organisms, and these functions are similar in different organisms.
In the Gulf of Mexico, there is a large area off the coast of Louisiana that cannot support most marine life. In this area, fresh water from the Mississippi River carries excess phosphorus and nitrogen from lawn care and agriculture into the Gulf of Mexico. Algae in the water use these nutrients to grow rapidly, creating algal blooms in the water. When the algae die, they sink to the bottom of the Gulf, where bacteria use much of the oxygen in the water to decompose the algae.
Dissolved Oxygen Levels in Gulf of Mexico Dead Zone
map showing dissolved oxygen levels in water, with areas ranging from 0 mg/L to about 6mg/L
Image courtesy of NOAA
Marine organisms trying to live in the water may not get enough oxygen to survive. Based on this description, which of the following is true?
A.
Nonliving factors, such as the amount of nutrients available, significantly affect the survival of organisms in their environment.
B.
Living factors, such as the number of producers present, play the largest role in the survival of organisms in an ecosystem.
C.
The supply of any nonliving factor supports or limits growth of all organisms in an ecosystem in the same way.
D.
The number of organisms of each type in an ecosystem depends on living factors but not on nonliving factors.
i dont know the answer??
Answers
Answer:
A. Nonliving factors, such as the amount of nutrients available, significantly affect the survival of organisms in their environment.
Explanation:
The death of the algae kills oxygen, both are non-living factors