8.
In a circuit, a difference of potential can exist between two points on the circuit, but usually, the difference in potential is generally measured against the metal chassis on which the
parts of the circuit are mounted. This reference is called the:
A.EMF
B.Ground potential
C.Voltage
D.Relative Charge.

Answer:

Horizontal component = 60.05 m/s

vertical component = 22.96 m/s

Explanation:

cosine(angle) = adjacent / hypotenuse or  horizontal / angled velocity

angled velocity * cosine (angle) = horizontal velocity

65 m/s * cosine(22.5) = 60.05 m/s

sine(angle) = adjacent/ hypotenuse or vertical/ angled velocity

angled velocity * sine (angle) = vertical velocity

65m/s sine(22.5) = 22.96 m/s

The increase in length of the copper with original length of 120 m is  8.16×10⁻² m.

A change in length ΔL is produced when a force is applied to a wire or rod parallel to its length L0, either stretching it (a tension) or compressing it.

To calculate the increase in length of the copper, we use the formula below

Formula:

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Substitute these values into equation 1

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a)The total mechanical energy is 70.812 J. b) The total mechanical energy of the book at the instant it was released is 50.076 J. c) The height of the stadium is 2.9 meters.  

A. To calculate the total mechanical energy of the book, we need to consider its kinetic energy (KE), gravitational potential energy (PE), and elastic potential energy (PE_elastic). Since there is no information provided regarding elastic potential energy, we can assume it to be zero in this case.

The kinetic energy (KE) is given by the equation KE = 1/2 * m * v^2, where m is the mass and v is the velocity. In this case, the mass (m) of the book is 1.8 kg and the velocity (v) is 4.8 m/s. Plugging in these values, we have KE = 1/2 * 1.8 kg * (4.8 m/s)^2 = 20.736 J (joules).

The gravitational potential energy (PE) is given by the equation PE = m * g * h, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s^2) and h is the height. The height (h) in this case is 2.9 meters. Plugging in these values, we have PE = 1.8 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 2.9 m = 50.076 J.

The total mechanical energy is the sum of the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy: Total mechanical energy = KE + PE = 20.736 J + 50.076 J = 70.812 J.

B. When the book is released from the top of the stadium, its initial speed is zero since it is not moving yet. Therefore, the kinetic energy (KE) at that instant is zero. The gravitational potential energy (PE) can be calculated in the same way as before using the mass of the book (1.8 kg) and the height of the stadium.

Assuming the height of the stadium is given by h_stadium, we can use the equation PE = m * g * h_stadium. Since the book is at the top of the stadium, its height above the ground is equal to the height of the stadium, so h_stadium = 2.9 meters. Plugging in these values, we have PE = 1.8 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * 2.9 m = 50.076 J.

The total mechanical energy at the instant the book was released is equal to the gravitational potential energy: Total mechanical energy = PE = 50.076 J.  

C. To determine the height of the stadium, we need to rearrange the equation for gravitational potential energy: PE = m * g * h. In this case, the mass (m) of the book is given as 1.8 kg, and the acceleration due to gravity (g) is approximately 9.8 m/s^2.  

Given that the total mechanical energy at the instant the book was released is equal to the gravitational potential energy, which is 50.076 J, we can substitute these values into the equation: 50.076 J = 1.8 kg * 9.8 m/s^2 * h_stadium.  

Rearranging the equation to solve for h_stadium, we have: h_stadium = 50.076 J / (1.8 kg * 9.8 m/s^2) = 2.9 meters.

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The apparent frequency heard by the listener is 1190 Hz, which is higher than the original frequency of the sound wave due to the sound source moving toward the listener.

The apparent frequency heard by the listener in this scenario can be determined using the Doppler Effect equation, which relates the frequency of a sound wave to the velocity of the sound source and the velocity of the listener.

The formula for the apparent frequency (f') heard by the listener is:

f' = f(v + vr) / (v + vs)

where f is the frequency of the sound wave, v is the speed of sound (which is approximately 343 m/s at standard temperature and pressure), vr is the velocity of the sound source (50.0 m/s in this case, moving towards the listener), and vs is the velocity of the listener (which is 0 m/s as the listener is at rest).

Plugging in the values given in the problem, we get:

f' = 1000(343 + 50) / (343 + 0) = 1190 Hz

Therefore, the apparent frequency heard by the listener is 1190 Hz, which is higher than the original frequency of the sound wave due to the sound source moving toward the listener.

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Answer:

1.7 g/cm³

Explanation:

Given that:

Density of substance = 3.4 g/cm³

Relative density to another substance = 2

Density of second substance=?

Let density of second substance = x

Relative density = density of substance / density of second substance

Relative density = density of substance / x

2.0 = 3.4g/cm³ / x

2 * x = 3.4 g /cm³

x = 3.4 g/cm³ ÷ 2

x = 1.7 g/cm³

The power input to the pump is 347 KW

Firstly we express the power input to the pump

\(W_{m} =m(\int\limits^2_1 {V} \, dp +del Ka+del pe)\)

where, Wm is power input to pump m is mass flow rate, V is specific volume, dP is change in pressure while ΔKa and Δpe are change in kinetic and potential energy respectively.

For a reversible process, ΔKa  and Δpe are negligible

\(W_{m} =m(\int\limits^2_1 {V} \, dp +0+0)\)

\(=mV_{1} (P_{2} -P_{1} )\)

Using the saturated water-pressure table, the volume of saturated liquid water (V) at a pressure of 20KPa is \(0.001017 m^{3}/ kg\)

we substitute 57 kg/s for m, \(0.001017 m^{3}/ kg\) forr V, 6,000 KPa for \(P_{2}\) and 20KPa in

\(W_{m} =mV_{1} (P_{2} -P_{1} )\)

\(W_{m} =57*0.001017*(6,000-20)\\=346.65 m^{3} /s\\=347 KW\)

Therefore, the power input to the pump is 347 KW

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The total mass of the system after combustion is therefore 1Kg (ashes) + 9Kg (gases and water vapor) = 10Kg, which is the same as the total mass before combustion.

Therefore, if the mass of the logs before burning was 10Kg, the total mass of the system before combustion was 10Kg (logs) + 0Kg (oxygen) = 10Kg. After combustion, the mass of the ashes was 1Kg, so the mass of the remaining gases and water vapor released into the atmosphere was 10Kg - 1Kg = 9Kg.

There are three fundamental quantities in mechanics that are conserved. These are power, forward motion, and angular momentum.

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Answer:

During a phase change, the temperature will remain constant. Obviously all the heat is used in phase transformation. So the correct answer should be D. Forgive me if I'm wrong but I hope this helps!

The temperature of a substance remains constant while it is changing state. Thus, the correct option is D.

Temperature has a direct effect on whether a substance exists in states as a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance. Substances can change their phase often because of a temperature change of the substance. At very low temperature conditions, most of the substances are solid, as the temperature of the substance keeps on increasing, then they become liquid and at very higher temperatures still, they become gaseous substances.

The temperature of a substance remains constant while it is changing its state.

Therefore, the correct option is D.

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Let us find first the forces at 1, 2 & 3 points.

We know that ke= 8.99 * 109N.m2 / C2

The forces are: -

F1 = keq1q2 / r212 = {8.99 * 109N.m2 / C2} * {10 * 10-6 C} * {40 * 10-6 C} / {10 * 10-2 m}2

F1 = 359.6 N

F2 =keq1q3 / r213 = {8.99 * 109N.m2 / C2} * {10 * 10-6 C} * {30 * 10-6 C} / {30 * 10-2 m}2

F2 = 29.96 N

F3 = keq2q3 / r213 = {8.99 * 109N.m2 / C2} * {40 * 10-6 C} * {30 * 10-6 C} / {20 * 10-2 m}2

F3 = 269.7 N

Now,

The net force on q1 is F1 – F2,

i.e. F1 + F2 = 359.6 + 29.96

F(q1) = 389.56 N to the left

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The crew aboard a small sailboat should be briefed to follow specific instructions when their boat is being towed.

When a small sailboat is being towed, the crew should adhere to the following instructions:

Secure all loose items: The crew should secure any loose items on the boat to prevent them from shifting or falling overboard during the towing process. This includes stowing equipment, sails, and personal belongings in appropriate storage spaces.

Maintain communication: The crew should establish clear communication with the towing vessel to ensure a smooth towing operation. They should follow the instructions given by the towing crew and relay any concerns or issues promptly.

Stay alert and ready to assist: While being towed, the crew should remain vigilant and ready to assist if needed. They should be prepared to help with maneuvers, follow the towing vessel's directions, and be mindful of potential hazards in the water.

By following these guidelines, the crew of a small sailboat can contribute to a safe and successful towing operation, minimizing risks and ensuring a smooth journey.

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Answer:

More gravity means more mass. So it is directly proportional to mass. Everything that has gravity has mass but grativy itself doesn't have mass.

Answer:

Negligible weights is a change so minor or insignificant to be deemed to have no effect on weight or balance.

The beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere is typically signaled by the winter solstice, which occurs around December 21st each year.

The winter solstice is an astronomical event that marks the shortest day and longest night of the year in the northern hemisphere. It usually occurs around December 21st, although the exact date may vary slightly. During the winter solstice, the tilt of the Earth's axis is farthest away from the Sun, resulting in the least amount of daylight hours.

The winter solstice is a significant event as it marks the official start of winter in the northern hemisphere. After the winter solstice, the days gradually start getting longer, although temperatures may continue to drop as winter progresses. The solstice has been recognized and celebrated by various cultures throughout history, often with festivals and rituals symbolizing the return of light and the promise of renewal.

While other factors such as weather patterns and regional variations can contribute to the perception of winter, the winter solstice is a key astronomical event that signals the beginning of winter in the northern hemisphere.

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It happens because NADH enters the electron transport chain earlier as compared to the FADH2.

What is an electron?

The electron is a subatomic particle with the symbol e and a negative one elementary charge electric charge. Due to their lack of components or substructure, electrons, which are members of the lepton particle family's first generation, are typically regarded to be elementary particles. The mass of an electron is around 1/1836 that of a proton. The electron has a half-integer intrinsic angular momentum (spin) that is described in terms of the reduced Planck constant, among its quantum mechanical features. Since electrons are fermions, the Pauli exclusion principle states that no two electrons may be in the same quantum state. Electrons, like other elementary particles, have characteristics of both waves and particles.

The oxidation of NADH produces more ATP than the oxidation of FDH2 because NADH enters the electron transport chain sooner than FADH2. The oxidation of both NADH and FDH2 leads in the synthesis of ATP molecules.

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Answer:

50,000 J because of the transformation of energy

Explanation:

Answer:

4. The choose b. 0.000355

Ans; 3.55× 10-⁴ = 0.000355

5. The choose C. 80600

Ans; 8.06 ×10⁴= 806×10² = 80600

I hope I helped you^_^

The uncertainty in the position of the proton is 1.1 x 10⁻¹³ m.

The velocity of the proton is calculated as follows;

\(v = \frac{1}{10} \times 3\times 10^8 \ m/s = 3 \times 10^7 \ m/s\)

precision of the velocity, Δv = 0.01 x 3 x 10⁷ = 3 x 10⁵ m/s

The uncertainty in the position of the proton is calculated as follows;

\(\Delta xm\Delta v= \frac{h}{4\pi} \\\\\Delta x = \frac{h}{4\pi m\Delta v} \\\\\Delta x = \frac{6.67 \times 10^{-34} }{4\pi \times 1.67 \times 10^{-27} \times 3\times 10^5} \\\\\Delta x = 1.1 \times 10^{-13} \ m\)

Thus, the uncertainty in the position of the proton is 1.1 x 10⁻¹³ m.

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Answer: 4.25 m/s^2.

Explanation: We can use the following formula to calculate the average acceleration:

average acceleration = (final velocity - initial velocity) / time

where the initial velocity is 5 m/s, the final velocity is 22 m/s, and the time is 4 seconds.

Substituting these values in the formula, we get:

average acceleration = (22 m/s - 5 m/s) / 4 s

average acceleration = 17 m/s / 4 s

average acceleration = 4.25 m/s^2

Therefore, the average acceleration of the roller coaster car is 4.25 m/s^2.

Adjusting the thermostat to reduce the air conditioner usage to five hours a day would save $7.50 daily.

The cost to run the air conditioner for nine hours a day is $13.50. To find the cost per hour, we can divide the total cost by the number of hours: \(\frac{13.50}{9} = $1.50 per hour\).

If the air conditioner is only running for five hours a day, the daily cost would be 5 hours × $1.50 per hour = $7.50.

By adjusting the thermostat to reduce the air conditioner usage from nine hours to five hours, there would be a daily saving of $7.50. This reduction in operating time leads to decreased energy consumption, resulting in cost savings. It's important to note that these calculations assume a consistent electricity rate and do not consider other factors such as seasonal variations, maintenance costs, or the specific energy efficiency of the air conditioner.

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The pressure at ground level in the pipe is approximately: 5.3435 x 10⁵ Pa.

A uniform pipe carrying water with a flow rate of 0.25 m³/s, elevated along its length to a height of 3.5 m, and having a pressure of 5.0 x 10⁵ Pa at the elevated height of 3.5 m.

To find the pressure at ground level, we can use the hydrostatic pressure equation, which is given by P2 = P1 + ρgh. Here, P1 is the pressure at the elevated height (5.0 x 10⁵ Pa), ρ is the density of water (approximately 1000 kg/m³), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s²), and h is the height difference (3.5 m).

Using the equation, we have:

P2 = (5.0 x 10⁵ Pa) + (1000 kg/m³)(9.81 m/s²)(3.5 m)

P2 = (5.0 x 10⁵ Pa) + (34350 Pa)

P2 = 5.3435 x 10⁵ Pa

Therefore, the pressure at ground level in the pipe is approximately 5.3435 x 10⁵ Pa.

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Complete question:

A uniform pipe carries water at a flow rate of 0.25 m3/s. The pipe begins at ground level and is elevated along its length to a height of 3.5 m. If the pressure at 3.5 m is 5.0 x 105 Pa, what is the pressure at ground level?

The intersection of these two rays will be the location of the image. In this case, the image is located 56 cm behind the lens. Since the object was on the same side as the lens, the image is on the opposite side, so the answer is positive.

A) Using ray tracing, we can determine the location of the image. The first ray drawn is parallel to the principal axis and will refract through the focal point. The second ray drawn will pass through the focal point and refract parallel to the principal axis.
B) The image is upright since it is formed by a diverging lens.
C) The image is virtual since it is formed by the diverging lens. A virtual image cannot be projected onto a screen since the light rays do not actually converge at the location of the image.

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The image is located at -7 cm from the diverging lens meaning it is on the same side as the object. The image is upright and virtual.

In Physics, to locate the image by a diverging lens, we use the lens formula: 1/f=1/v−1/u. Here, f denotes the focal length, u is the object distance, and v represents the image distance.

Given/u is 28 cm (always taken negative for real objects) and f is -14 cm. Substitute these values into the lens formula and solve for v, which gives us v = -7 cm. This indicates the image is formed 7 cm from the lens on the same side as the object (negative value).

The image created by a diverging lens is always virtual, since the rays do not pass through the image point—they merely appear to originate from there when traced back by the observer. A characteristic of virtual images is that they're always upright.

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Therefore, the true velocity and direction of the boat are approximately 38 knots and 34°.

The true velocity and direction of the boat can be determined by adding the vector components of the boat's velocity and the wind's velocity.

To find the x and y components of the boat's velocity, we can use trigonometry.

The x component is given by cos(36°) multiplied by 28 knots, and the y component is given by sin(36°) multiplied by 28 knots.

Evaluating these expressions gives us approximately 22.68 knots for the x component and 16.97 knots for the y component.

Similarly, we can find the x and y components of the wind's velocity.

The x component is given by cos(22°) multiplied by 10 knots, and the y component is given by sin(22°) multiplied by 10 knots.

Evaluating these expressions gives us approximately 9.14 knots for the x component and 3.79 knots for the y component.

Now, we can add the x components and y components separately to get the resultant x and y components.

Adding the x components gives us 22.68 knots + 9.14 knots = 31.82 knots, and adding the y components gives us 16.97 knots + 3.79 knots = 20.76 knots.

To find the magnitude of the resultant velocity, we can use the Pythagorean theorem.

The magnitude is given by the square root of the sum of the squares of the x and y components, which is approximately √(31.82² + 20.76²)

≈ √(1011.41 + 431.14)

≈ √1442.55

≈ 37.99 knots.

To find the direction of the resultant velocity, we can use the inverse tangent function.

The direction is given by tan⁻¹(y component / x component), which is approximately tan⁻¹(20.76 knots / 31.82 knots)

≈ tan⁻¹(0.65)

≈ 33.76°.

Therefore, the true velocity and direction of the boat are approximately 38 knots and 34°.

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The diver accelerates as they fall because ii. there is a downwards gravitational force on the diver.

Gravitational force is responsible for the acceleration experienced by the diver during the fall. When a diver jumps off a diving platform, he falls down, this fall or descent is due to gravity. Gravity, which is the force that attracts two bodies towards each other, causes the diver to accelerate as he falls. The rate of acceleration is determined by the amount of gravitational force that the diver experiences. The more the gravitational force, the faster the diver will fall.

Since the earth has more mass than the diver, the gravitational force acting on the diver is greater than the force that the diver exerts on the earth as he falls, this causes the acceleration of the diver. The momentum of the earth/diver system is conserved, which means that the total momentum of the system remains constant. The momentum of the earth is such that it moves at a much slower rate than the diver, so it doesn't affect the acceleration of the diver. As a result, this fact does not explain why the diver accelerates as he falls. Thus, the answer is i. The momentum of the earth/diver system is conserved.

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The potential energy (PEg) of the metal ball is calculated using the formula PE = mgh, where m is the mass (6.3 kg), g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²), and h is the height (0.9815 m).

The kinetic energy (KE) of the ball is determined using the formula KE = mv²/2, where m is the mass (6.3 kg) and v is the velocity (15 m/s). Substituting the values, we find the ball's KE to be 708.75 J.

The potential energy (PEg) is the energy possessed by an object due to its position relative to the Earth's surface. To calculate it, we multiply the mass (6.3 kg), acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²), and the height (0.9815 m). The resulting value is 61.3827 J, representing the potential energy of the ball.

The kinetic energy (KE) is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. To determine it, we use the mass (6.3 kg) and velocity (15 m/s) in the formula KE = mv²/2. Plugging in the values, we find that the ball's KE is 708.75 J, representing the energy associated with its movement.

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Answer:110

Explanation:

Answer: 110 km

Explanation:

The power wasted in heating the cables of total resistance 9.0 Ω  is 74365290000 W.

Electric power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transformed into an electrical circuit.

To calculate the electric power wasted in heating the wire, we use the formula below.

Formula:

Where:

From the question,

Given:

Substitute these values into equation 1

Hence, the power wasted is 74365290000 W.

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Answer: The width of bands will be 2λ

Explanation: Please see the attachments below

Two of the guinea pig offspring will have long hair.

The allele for short hair is dominant in guinea pigs. This indicates that it can express under both homozygous (HH) and heterozygous (Hh) conditions.

When we cross an hh with an Hh,

(h h) X (H h)

The possible offspring are:

Hh, Hh, hh, hh

Two heterozygous short-haired offspring and two homozygous long-haired offspring.

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Attaching the image file here.