As discussed in class (and in Hartmann Chapter 4) the exchange of heat and momentum between the atmosphere and the earth surface can be computed using the aerodynamic formula: T = = PcU? CPCU.(T. -T.) (5) SH = LE = LPCU.(9-9-) where UT, and q, are the wind speed, temperature and specific humidity respectively at a reference height (usually 10 m) above the earth surface. T. and q, are respectively the temperature and specific humidity at the surface, co is the aerodynamic exchange coefficient, and L is the latent heat of vaporization of water. (a) Compute the wind stress T, sensible heat flux (SH) and latent heat of evaporation (LE) from the land surface when T. = 30°C, T, = 28°C, 45 = 1.6 x 10-29, = 1.5 x 10-- and U. = 5 ms! Let's assume that the atmospheric boundary layer is unstable (as during the daytime when the land surface is warmer than the air above) so that co = 4 x 10-2. In each case state whether the direction of the flur is toward or away from the surface, and provide the appropriate units for t, SH and LE. (10 points) = = (6) Now repeat the calculations in (a) but over the ocean for T, = 28°C, T, = 30°C, 9. 1.6 x 10-29, = 1.5 x 10-2 and U, = 5 m st. In this case the atmospheric boundary layer is generally stable because the surface is cooler than the air above so co = 1 x 10- In each case state whether the direction of the flux is toward or away from the surface, and provide the appropriate units for T, SH and LE. (5 points) (C) State what kind of turbulence to you would expect to be dominant in the atmospheric boundary layer in each case. (4 points). If the value of a constant or parameter is not given, you will need to look it up in the textbook or online.
Answers
(a) T = 24 N/m² (toward surface), SH = 120 W/m² (away from surface), LE = 800 W/m² (away from surface).
(b) T = -48 N/m² (away from surface), SH = -30 W/m² (away from surface), LE = 100 W/m² (away from surface).
(c) Convective turbulence is dominant over land, and mechanical turbulence is dominant over the ocean.
To compute the wind stress (T), sensible heat flux (SH), and latent heat of evaporation (LE) from the land surface, we'll use the given equations and provided values:
(a) Land Surface Calculations:
T. = 30°C, T = 28°C, 45 = \(1.6 * 10^{-2}\), Ω = 1.5 x \(10^{-2}\), U = 5 m/s, and co = 4 x \(10^{-2}\).
Using Equation (5) for T:
T = ρcU²(T. - T) = (1.2 kg/m³)(4 x 10^-2)(5 m/s)²(30°C - 28°C) = 24 N/m² (toward surface)
Using Equation (5) for SH:
SH = LPCU(T. - T) = (\(1.5 x 10^3\)J/kg)(\(4 * 10^{-2}\))(30°C - 28°C) = 120 W/m² (away from surface)
Using Equation (5) for LE:
LE = LPCU(q*. - q) = (2.5 x \(10^6\) J/kg)(\(4 x 10^{-2}\))(1.6 x \(10^{-2}\) - 1.5 x \(10^{-2}\)) = 800 W/m² (away from surface)
(b) Ocean Surface Calculations:
T. = 28°C, T = 30°C, 45 = 1.6 x \(10^{-2}\), Ω = 1.5 x \(10^{-2}\), U = 5 m/s, and co = 1 x \(10^{-2}\).
Using Equation (5) for T:
T = ρcU²(T. - T) = (1.2 kg/m³)(1 x \(10^{-2}\))(5 m/s)²(28°C - 30°C) = -48 N/m² (away from surface)
Using Equation (5) for SH:
SH = LPCU(T. - T) = (1.5 x \(10^3\) J/kg)(1 x \(10^{-2}\))(28°C - 30°C) = -30 W/m² (away from surface)
Using Equation (5) for LE:
LE = LPCU(q*. - q) = (2.5 x \(10^6\) J/kg)(1 x \(10^{-2}\))(1.6 x \(10^{-2}\) - 1.5 x \(10^{-2}\)) = 100 W/m² (away from surface)
(c) Dominant Turbulence:
In the unstable atmospheric boundary layer over land, convective turbulence is expected to be dominant due to the warmer surface heating the air above.
In the stable atmospheric boundary layer over the ocean, mechanical turbulence is expected to be dominant as the cooler surface creates stable conditions.
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Related Questions
the confidence interval for the mean amount of money spent per household on internet service
each month is $47.45 to $72.45. what is the estimated mean?
internet each
Answers
The estimated mean amount of money spent per household on internet service each month is $59.95 with confidence interval.
To calculate the estimated mean amount of money spent per household on internet service each month, we first need to find the lower and upper bounds of the confidence interval. The lower bound is $47.45 and the upper bound is $72.45. We then take the average of these two numbers to get the estimated mean. The average of $47.45 and $72.45 is
($47.45 + $72.45) / 2
= $59.95.
Therefore, the estimated mean amount of money spent per household on internet service each month is $59.95.
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¿si un comedor cuesta 17890, en cuanto se incrementa su precio al agregarle el 16% de iva?
Answers
branly is the best way to clean up the house and I will be there at the same time I don't have a car
The causal theory of perception is the view that our experiences (our sensations and ideas) are the effects of physical objects acting on our sense organs (which are thereby the causes).a. Trueb. False
Answers
True. The causal theory of perception is the view that our experiences, such as our sensations and ideas, are caused by physical objects acting on our sense organs.
According to this causal theory of perception, when an object in the external world acts on our sense organs, it causes certain neural processes to occur, which in turn give rise to our conscious experiences. The causal theory of perception holds that there is a causal relationship between physical objects in the external world and our conscious experiences. When an object interacts with our sense organs, it causes certain neural processes to occur in our brain, which ultimately give rise to our conscious experiences of the object. So, the physical object is the cause, and our conscious experience is the effect.
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Determine the solution to the equation. 8+4x=2x+8+2x A Infinite B One Solution C No Solution
Answers
After solving the given equations the answer is an Infinite solution. Hence, option A is correct
What is an equation?Mathematical expressions with two algebraic symbols on either side of the equal (=) sign are called equations.
This relationship is illustrated by the left and right expressions being equal to one another. The left-hand side equals the right-hand side is a basic, straightforward equation.
As per the given equation in the question,
8 + 4x = 2x + 8 + 2x
Firstly, let's write the given equation in a simplified manner,
8 + 4x = 8 + 4x
As we can see that LHS = RHS, which means that both equations are the same then which means they will give infinite solutions.
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PLS HELP ILL GIVE BRAINLY
Determine whether the relationship shown in the table below is a function and explain.
Answers
Suppose that you just turned 25 years old and that you wish to receive an annual annuity of $54,301 for 30 years (end of each year age 65-95). How much would you have to contribute annually at the end of each year ages 25 60 , if you then let the funds vest until age 65 with no further contributions? Your EAR is 7.8%.
Answers
You would need to contribute approximately $2,145.44 annually at the end of each year from ages 25 to 60 in order to receive an annual annuity of $54,301 from ages 65 to 95.
To determine the annual contribution required to receive an annual annuity of $54,301 for 30 years, we can use the present value of an annuity formula:
PV = P * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
Where:
PV = Present Value of the annuity
P = Payment per period (annual annuity payment)
r = Interest rate per period (EAR)
n = Number of periods (number of years)
In this case, the payment per period is $54,301, the interest rate per period is 7.8% (EAR), and the number of periods is 30 years.
We need to find the present value of the annuity at age 25, which will be the accumulated value of the contributions from ages 25 to 60 until age 65.
PV = P * [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
PV = P * [(1 - (1 + 0.078)^(-30)) / 0.078]
Now, we can rearrange the formula to solve for P:
P = PV / [(1 - (1 + r)^(-n)) / r]
P = $54,301 / [(1 - (1 + 0.078)^(-30)) / 0.078]
Using a calculator, we can evaluate the expression to find that the annual contribution required is approximately $2,145.44.
Therefore, You would need to contribute approximately $2,145.44 annually at the end of each year from ages 25 to 60 in order to receive an annual annuity of $54,301 from ages 65 to 95.
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A ball thrown in the air has a height of y = - 16x² + 50x + 3 feet after x seconds. a) What are the units of measurement for the rate of change of y? b) Find the rate of change of y between x = 0 and x = 2?
Answers
Answer:
a)\(ms^{-1}\)
b)\(71ms^{-1}\)
Solution:
a)
we are finding the derivative from position to velocity thus
units = \(ms^{-1}\)
b)
\(m=\frac{y(2)-y(0)}{2-0}=\frac{139+3}{2}=71ms^{-1}\)
Match each sequence with the position of its first term that is out of increasing order.
1. 1 5 78 99 101 202 400
2. 5 2 7 90 85 80 72
3. 5 6 9 10 14 21 20
4. 3 7 10 9 8 14 17
5. 5 77 25 45 22 94 58 99
Answers
In summary: Sequence 1 has no term out of increasing order. Sequence 2 has the first term out of increasing order at position 2. Sequence 3 has the first term out of increasing order at position 7. Sequence 4 has the first term out of increasing order at position 4. Sequence 5 has the first term out of increasing order at position 3.
1 5 78 99 101 202 400: This sequence is in increasing order throughout, so there is no term that breaks the increasing pattern.
5 2 7 90 85 80 72: The sequence starts with 5, then decreases to 2 (out of increasing order) at position 2.
5 6 9 10 14 21 20: The sequence is increasing until position 6, where it reaches 21. However, the next term, 20, is lower than the previous term, 21 (out of increasing order) at position 7.
3 7 10 9 8 14 17: The sequence starts with 3 and increases until position 3 (10). However, at position 4, the next term, 9, is lower than the previous term, 10 (out of increasing order).
5 77 25 45 22 94 58 99: The sequence is increasing until position 2, where it reaches 77. However, at position 3, the next term, 25, is lower than the previous term, 77 (out of increasing order).
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The weight of a beaker is measured to be 78 grams, but the actual weight of the beaker is 82 grams. What is the approximate percent error in the measurement? A) 4% B) 5% C) 6% D) 7%
Answers
The approximate percentage error on the weight of the beaker is 5%
What is percentage error?Percent error is the difference between estimated value and the actual value in comparison to the actual value and is expressed as a percentage. In other words, the percent error is the relative error multiplied by 100.
Error = Actual value - estimated value =
Actual value = 82g, Estimated value = 78g
Error = 82 - 78 which is 4
percent error = error/estimated x 100%
percent error = 4/78 x 100 which is 5%
In conclusion the percent error is 5%
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how to do hire purchase
Answers
Answer:
With hire purchase you hire an item (a car, a laptop, a television) and pay an agreed amount in monthly payments. You do not own the item until you have made the final payment. Personal Contract Plans (PCPs) are a type of hire purchase agreement
Step-by-step explanation:
pls mark me as branlist thx
Suppose median family income is normally distributed with mean M = $44000 and standard deviation O = $15000. Let 2 represent median family income. What is the probability that for a family chosen at random 2' lies between $29600 and $ 30500?
Answers
First, let's calculate the critical value z for each of the given end values of the interval, that is, 29600 and 30500.
To do so, we can use the formula below:
\(\begin{gathered} z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\\ \\ z_1=\frac{29600-44000}{15000}=-\frac{14400}{15000}=-0.96\\ \\ z_2=\frac{30500-44000}{15000}=-\frac{13500}{15000}=-0.9 \end{gathered}\)Now, we need to find the probabilities associated to each of these critical values.
Looking at the z-table, for z = -0.96 we have p = 0.1685 and for z = -0.9 we have p = 0.1841.
Since we want the values inside this interval, let's calculate the difference of the probabilities:
\(p=0.1841-0.1685=0.0156\)Therefore the probability is 0.0156.
Which of the following is a possible unit for the volume of a cone?
Answers
The answer to the equation |8x−5|=|11−8x|.
Answers
Answer:
x=1
Step-by-step explanation:
pls answer and ill give brainliest
Answers
Answer:
185
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
C
Step-by-step explanation:
3885=21d
21d=3885
d=185
If M (4.2) is the midpoint of AB and A (-5, -3), find the coordinates of B.
Answers
Given:
M(4,2) is the midpoint of AB and A(-5, -3).
To find:
The coordinates of B.
Solution:
Let the coordinates of point B are (a,b).
Midpoint formula:
\(Midpoint=\left(\dfrac{x_1+x_2}{2},\dfrac{y_1+y_2}{2}\right)\)
M(4,2) is the midpoint of AB and A(-5, -3).
\(M=\left(\dfrac{-5+a}{2},\dfrac{-3+b}{2}\right)\)
\((4,2)=\left(\dfrac{-5+a}{2},\dfrac{-3+b}{2}\right)\)
On comparing both sides, we get
\(4=\dfrac{-5+a}{2}\)
\(8=-5+a\)
\(8+5=a\)
\(13=a\)
And,
\(2=\dfrac{-3+b}{2}\)
\(4=-3+b\)
\(4+3=b\)
\(7=b\)
Therefore, the coordinates of point B are (13,7).
The price of an item has been reduced by 80% . The original price was $85. What is the price of the item now?
and fast pls it is due today and thx u!.
Answers
Step-by-step explanation If the original price was $85 and it is reduced by 80%, that will be 80/100 ×85= 68
80% discount is $68
The new price will be 85-68= $17
Let the price be x
x=85-80% of 85x=85-0.8(85)x=85-68x=$17Price is $17 now
Figure 222 is a scaled copy of Figure 111.
PLEASE HELP
Identify the side in Figure 222 that corresponds to side \overline{CD}
CD
start overline, C, D, end overline in Figure 111.
Choose 1 answer:
Choose 1 answer:
Answers
Please help me with this
Answers
Answer:
b
Step-by-step explanation:
Answer:
D
Step-by-step explanation:
a^2 + b^2 = c^2
a = 10
c = 15
b = ?
10^2 + b^2 = 15^2 Substitute known values for a and c
100 + b^2 = 225 Subtract 100 from both sides
b^2 = 225 - 100
b^2 = 125 Take the square root of both sides
sqrt(b^2) = sqrt(125)
125 = 5*5*5
sqrt(b^2) = sqrt(5*5*5)
for every pair of equal factors, one can be taken from under the square sign; the other factor disappears.
b = 5 sqrt(5)
5Y+8 -ly-8-8y-1"
Your answer
Answers
Answer:
\(-4y-1\)
Step-by-step explanation:
\((5y+-y+-8y)+(8+-8+-1)\)
\(-4y-1\)
Answer:
5y + 8 - 1y - 8 - 8y - 1
variables = -4y
numbers = -1
-4y - 1 is the answerRight answer gets brainlist
Answers
Answer:
546
Step-by-step explanation:
Surface Area = 2(lw + lh + wh)
plug in 21 10.5 and 2.5
FIRST TO ANSWER GETS BRAINLIEST
A cookie factory produced 30 packages of cookies. There were 40 cookies in each package.
How many cookies did the factory produce in all?
cookies
Answers
Answer:
1200
Step-by-step explanation:
since there are 30 in each package, and 40 packages in total, then you would just multiply the two together.
Mrs. publinsky and her husband, xander, are planning their dream house. the lot for the house sits high on a hill with a beautiful view of the white mountains. the plans show the size of the house to be 2,900 square feet.
Answers
The estimated cost if they use a contractor to complete the house would be $435,000.
How to calculate the cost of the house?The cost of the house is based on what home builders typically charge for a house similar to the one Mrs. Pavlinski and her husband Zander have in mind.
In this case, the contractor's price is $150 per square foot of her home while the area of the house is given as 2,900 square feet.
Total cost = Cost per square feet x Area of house
Solving for the estimated cost gives:
= 150 x 2,900
= $435,000
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The given question is incomplete and the complete question is as follows.
"Mrs. Publinsky and her husband, Xander are planning their dream house. The lot for the house sits high on a hill with a beautiful view of the White Mountains. The plans show the size of the house to be 2,900 sq ft. The average price for a lot and house similar to this one has been 150 per sq ft. Fortunately, Xander is a retired plumber and feels he can save money by installing the plumbing himself. Mrs Publinsky feels she can take care of the interior decorating. They both feel they can complete the exterior painting with the help of their two sons."
A jet travels 1731 miles against the wind in 3 hours and 2151 miles with the wind in the same amount of time. What is the rate of the jet in still air and what is the rate of the wind
Answers
Velocity of jet in still air is 647 miles per hour and velocity of wind is 70 miles per hour.
Given,
Jet's velocity against wind 1731 / 3 = 577 mile per hour
flying with wind it 2151 / 3 = 717 miles per hour.
Let the velocity of jet in still air be x miles per hour and velocity of wind be y miles per hour.
As such its velocity against wind is x−y and with wind is x+y and therefore
x−y=577;
x+y=717
Adding the two
2x = 1294
x = 647
y= 717 − 647
y = 70
Hence velocity of jet in still air is 647 miles per hour and velocity of wind is 70 miles per hour.
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At the fair, the ratio of males to females was 4:5. If there are 180 people at the fair, how mamy males are there?
Answers
Answer:
80 males
Step-by-step explanation:
180 / 9 = 20
20 x 4 = 80
Answer:
the answer is 80 males
Step-by-step explanation:
4(males)+5(females)=9
180(everybody)/9=20
20×4=80 hope this helps
The diagram shows an open rectangular box ABCDEFGH.
A straight stick AGM rests against A and G and extends outside the box to M.
a. Calculate the angle between the stick and the base of the box.
b. AM= 30 cm.
Show that GM= 4.8 cm, correct
to 1 decimal place.
Answers
The angle between the stick and the base of the box is 77. 9 degrees
How to determine the angleTo determine the angle between the stick and the base, we have to know the trigonometric identities.
These identities are;
sinecosinecotangenttangentsecantcosecantFrom the information given, we have;
sin A = FB/AB
Given that;
GB = 14.5cm
AB = 18. 6cm
substitute for the length of the sides, we have;
sin A = 14.5/18. 6
Divide the values, we have;
sin A = 0. 7796
Find the inverse sine
A = 77. 9 degrees
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A student bikes to school by traveling first d
N
= 0.900 miles north, then d
W
=0.400 miles west. and finally d
S
=0.100 miles south. Similarly, let
d
W
be the displacement vector corresponding to the second leg of the student's trip. Express
d
W
in component form. Express your answer as two numbers separated by a comma. Be careful with your signs.
Answers
The displacement vector dW corresponding to the second leg of the student's trip can be expressed as (-0.400, 0) miles.
To find the displacement vector dW for the westward leg of the trip, we need to consider the overall displacement from the starting point.
The student first travels 0.900 miles north, so the displacement vector dN for this leg is (0, 0.900) miles.
Then, the student travels 0.400 miles west. Since this is a westward displacement, the x-component of the displacement vector dW will be negative, and the y-component will be zero. Therefore, the displacement vector dW can be expressed as (-0.400, 0) miles.
Finally, the student travels 0.100 miles south. Since this is a southward displacement, the y-component of the displacement vector dS will be negative, and the x-component will be zero. Therefore, the displacement vector dS can be expressed as (0, -0.100) miles.
To find the overall displacement vector d, we sum the individual displacement vectors:
d = dN + dW + dS
d = (0, 0.900) + (-0.400, 0) + (0, -0.100)
d = (-0.400, 0.900 - 0.100)
d = (-0.400, 0.800) miles
Hence, the displacement vector dW for the westward leg of the trip can be expressed as (-0.400, 0) miles. The x-component represents the westward displacement, which is -0.400 miles, and the y-component represents the northward displacement, which is 0 miles.
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What is the phase shift of a periodic function?
a horizontal translation of the function
the horizontal length of one cycle of the function
the number of cycles of the function that occur in one horizontal unit
a vertical translation of the function
Answers
A function assigns values. The phase shift of a periodic function is the horizontal translation of the function.
What is a Function?A function assigns the value of each element of one set to the other specific element of another set.
The Phase Shift of a periodic function is the horizontal shift of the function from its normal position. The shift is either left or right.
For example, if the value of c in the function of sine is negative then the function will move towards the right side by the value of c, while if the value of c is positive then the function will towards the left.
Thus, the phase shift of a periodic function is the horizontal translation of the function.
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If x is directly proportional to y, and x = 4.5 when y = 3, find
(i) an equation connecting x and y
(ii) the value of x when y = 6,
(iii) the value of y when x = 12.
Answers
Answer:
1. don't know what you want for the first one but..
2. x=9
3. y= 8
Step-by-step explanation:
x = 1.5y
ex y=2 x=2
a pressure gauge mounted at the bottom of an open tank of water indicates 17 psig. the level of water in the tank is______.
Answers
It is not possible to determine the level of water in the tank using only the given information. To determine the level of water in the tank, we need to know either the height of the water column or the total pressure at the bottom of the tank, which includes the pressure due to the water column and the pressure due to the atmosphere.
Therefore, we can't fill the blank with any value since the problem does not provide any information regarding it. In order to find the level of water in the tank, we need to know either the height of the water column or the total pressure at the bottom of the tank, which includes the pressure due to the water column and the pressure due to the atmosphere.
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HELPPP! Which of the following is the distance between the two points shown?
2.5 units
3.5 units
−3.5 units
−2.5 units
Answers
Answer: 3.5 units
Step-by-step explanation:
We can count how many units the 2 points are away from each other and get 3.5
Or we can use the origin as a reference point, and since (-3,0) is 3 units away, and (0.5,0) is 0.5 units away. Adding the distances gives us 3.5 units