Explain how the Celsius scale was devised and why it is not appropriate to use when describing the behavior of gases // please help ?!

Answer:

The first ionization energy for K is less than Ca because Ca has a larger effective nuclear charge. There is a large increase in the second ionization energy for K compared to Ca because removal of the second electron from K is a core electron that is in a quantum shell closer to the nucleus.

Explanation:

The potential of a standard hydrogen electrode (s.h.e.) would depend on the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H+]) in the solution.

The standard hydrogen electrode (s.h.e.) is used as a reference electrode to measure the potential of other half-cells. The potential of the s.h.e. is defined as zero volts when the concentration of hydrogen ions is 1 mol/L and the pressure of hydrogen gas is 1 atm at a specified temperature. However, if the concentration of hydrogen ions is not 1 mol/L, the potential of the s.h.e. will change accordingly. Specifically, the potential of the s.h.e. will increase as the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases (i.e. becomes more acidic) and decrease as the concentration of hydrogen ions increases (i.e. becomes more basic). Therefore, the potential of the s.h.e. under the given condition of [H+] would need to be specified to determine its value.

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Answer: DNA makes protein molecules to help with almost every cellular process.

i think?

Explanation:

Complexometric titration (sometimes chelatometry) is a form of volumetric analysis in which the formation of a colored complex is used to indicate the end point of a titration. Complexometric titrations are particularly useful for the determination of a mixture of different metal ions in solution.

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The theoretical yield of the aluminum acetate is 239 g.

Number of moles of calcium acetate = 330 g/158g/mol

= 2.1 moles

Number of moles of aluminum nitrate: 250 g/213 g/mol

= 1.17 moles

Given that

3 moles of calcium acetate reacts with 2 mole of aluminum acetate

2.1 moles of calcium acetate reacts with 2.1 * 2/3

= 1.4 moles

Thus aluminum nitrate is the limiting reactant.

If 2 moles of aluminum nitrate produces 2 moles of aluminum acetate

Mass of aluminum acetate produced is; 1.17 moles * 204 g/mol

= 239 g

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INFORMATION:

We know that:

- sodium and oxygen react to produce Sodium Oxide

-

An unbalanced force is defined as a force that causes a change in an object's motion. In this scenario, we can identify two types of forces that are acting on the pinewood derby car: gravitational force and frictional force. The gravitational force is the force that is pulling the car downwards towards the ground, while the frictional force is the force that opposes the motion of the car due to the contact between the car and the surface of the ramp.

At the very top of the ramp, when the car is resting, there is no unbalanced force acting on the car. The gravitational force is balanced by the normal force exerted by the ramp on the car, which is perpendicular to the surface of the ramp. This means that the car is in a state of equilibrium, where there is no net force acting on it.When the car reaches the bottom of the ramp, it comes to a stop. At this point, the frictional force is the only force acting on the car, as the gravitational force is balanced by the normal force exerted by the ground on the car. Therefore, there is an unbalanced force acting on the car, which is the frictional force.

In conclusion, there are two points during the car's run down the ramp where an unbalanced force is acting on the car: when the car begins to slow down due to the frictional force, and when the car comes to a stop at the bottom of the ramp.

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The mass of the sample is the product of its volume and density. The mass of the zinc sample is 457.2 g.

What is density?

Density of a sample is its measure of mass per unit volume. It tells how much denser the substance is in a given volume. The volume of the substance is the space occupied by it.

Volume of a solid  is the product of its length, breadth and height.

Given the dimensions of Zn sample is 2.5, 4 and 6 cm.

volume = 2.5 × 4 × 6 cm

            = 60 cm³

Density = 7.62 g/cm³.

Mass of the sample is the product of its volume and density. Thus, mass of zinc sample is:

mass of Zn = volume × density

                   =  7.62 g/cm³ × 60 cm³

                   = 457.2 g.

Therefore, the mass of the Zn sample is 457.2 g.

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The acid-base interactions significantly affect polymer formation when adding solid acids or bases.

What is PVA?

PVA is in produced by polymerization of vinyl acetate followed by hydrolysis of the resulting poly(vinyl acetate)

Physical crosslinking occurs between same PVA molecules via hydrogen bonding between hydroxyl groups or simply entanglements.

An acidic solution has high concentration of hydrogen ions ( H+)

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Irony: a situation in which there is a contrast between expectation and reality.Irony can take many different forms.

The verbal irony, dramatic irony, and situational irony are the three types .Irony occurs in literature AND in life whenever a person says something or does something that departs from what they (or we) expect them to say or do.

Irony in the story 'Dusk':

Ironically, the main character, who thinks he is a good character judge, is duped by the young man who sat next to him on the park seat.

According to Gortsby, darkness is a time when dejected and shady people emerge.

The term irony has its roots in the Greek comic character Eiron, a clever underdog who by his wit repeatedly triumphs over the boastful character Alazon. The Socratic irony of the Platonic dialogues derives from this comic origin.

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The proton's momentum is 1.674 times greater when its speed is doubled to 0.730c than it is when it is 0.365c. We can thus write: p = 1.674 * p 0.

The equation p = (m*v) / sqrt(1 - (v2/c2)) can be used to determine the momentum of a relativistic particle.

We can write: Assuming that the proton possesses momentum p 0 when its speed is 0.365c.

p 0 is equal to (m*v 0) / sqrt(1 - (v 02/c2)).

Using the same method with v = 0.730c, we can get the momentum when the speed is doubled to that value.

P is equal to (m*v)/sqrt(1 - (v2/c2)).

Using the formula p = (m*0.730c) / sqrt(1 - (0.730c)2/c2) and the knowledge that momentum is proportional to speed, we can state the following:

The formula for calculating p/p 0 is (m0.730c) / sqrt(1 - (0.730c)2/c2) / ((m0.365c) / sqrt(1 - (0.365c)2/c2)).

We obtain the formula as follows by simplifying it: p/p 0 = (2*0.7302)/(1+0.7302)

p/p 0 = 1.674

As a result, the proton's momentum is 1.674 times greater when its speed is doubled to 0.730c than it is when it is 0.365c. We can thus write: p = 1.674 * p 0.

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Answer:

(a)Na₂CO₃ - Sodium carbonate

(b)CaCl₂ - Calcium chloride

(c)CaCO₃ - Calcium carbonate(GCC)

(d)K₂CO₃ - Potassium Carbonate(Vedantu )

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The largest particle that can generally be transported by a stream moving at 200 centimeters per second is a cobble.

So, the correct answer is option 2.

A cobble is a rounded rock fragment larger than a pebble but smaller than a boulder. It usually ranges in size from 64 to 256 millimeters in diameter. The velocity of a stream is a critical factor in determining the size of the particles that can be transported by the water. As the velocity of the stream increases, it can carry larger particles.

However, there is a limit to the size of the particles that can be transported, and a stream moving at 200 centimeters per second can carry a maximum particle size of a cobble. Anything larger, such as a boulder, would require a much stronger current to transport.

Hence, the answer of the question is option 2

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Answer:

Explanation:

It makes sense because Helium and Hydrogen only hold 1 and 2 subsequent protons/neutrons and electrons. When the Big Bang happened the entire universe was so hot that it was impossible for elements to form since it was impossible for electrons to stay bound to the atoms. After a few seconds the universe began to cool enough for electrons to bond to atoms and create different elements. Since Helium and Hydrogen have 1 and 2 electrons subsequently we can assume that they were the first elements to be created. Also they are the most abundant elements in the Universe which backs up this theory.

This problem is providing the initial volume and pressure of a gas as 675 mL and 1.5 atm and then mentions the final volume as 345 mL and asks for the new pressure of the gas.

Thus, we start off this problem by recalling the concept of Boyle's law as an inversely proportional relationship between pressure and volume:

\(P_1V_1=P_2V_2\)

In which we solve for the final pressure, \(P_2\) as shown below:

\(P_2=\frac{P_1V_1}{V_2} \\\\\\P_2=\frac{675mL*1.5atm}{345mL} \\\\\\P_2=2.93atm\)

Considering we had to cancel out the milliliters to obtain atm as units of pressure.

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Answer:

NO

The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons it contains. The mass number of an atom is never smaller than the atomic number.

EXPLANATION:-

The atomic number is always a lesser value than the mass number. The mass number is always a greater value than the atomic number. Atoms are made of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Protons and neutrons together form the nucleus of an atom

Atomic number = number of proton/number of electron

mass number = number of proton + number of Neutron

PLS RATE A BRAINLIEST

The amount of heat (in kJ) is required to convert 14. 0 g of an unknown liquid

The given data

mass = 14. 0 g

MM = 67. 44 g/mol)

specific heat capacity of liquid = 1. 18 J/g･°C

specific heat capacity of gas = 0. 792 J/g･°C

∆H vap = 30. 1 kJ/mol

Tb = 97. 4°C

The amount of heat will determined by using the formula

Q = MCΔT

Put the value of given data in above equation.

Q = 14. 0 g  × 0. 792 J/g･°C × 97. 4°C

Q = 1079 jule/ 1.079 kJ

the amount of heat needed to raise a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius in one gramme, also known as specific heat. Typically, calories as well as joules per gram per degree Celsius are used as the measures of specific heat.

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Answer:

D

Explanation:

Answer:

volume

Explanation:

Using limiting reactant, 22.8 grams of silver chloride are produced.

The limiting reactant is the reactant that is completely consumed in a chemical reaction and limits the amount of product that can be formed. It is the reactant that is present in the smallest stoichiometric amount compared to the other reactants involved in the reaction

To determine the limiting reactant, we need to calculate the amount of product that can be produced by each reactant and compare the results.

First, we need to convert the given masses of silver nitrate and iron (III) chloride into moles:

27.0 g AgNO₃ * (1 mol AgNO₃/169.87 g AgNO₃) = 0.159 mol AgNO₃

43.5 g FeCl₃ * (1 mol FeCl₃/162.2 g FeCl₃) = 0.268 mol FeCl₃

Next, we need to use the balanced chemical equation to determine the amount of product that can be produced by each reactant:

From the balanced chemical equation, we know that 3 moles of AgCl are produced for every 1 mole of FeCl₃ reacted.

Amount of AgCl produced by AgNO₃:

0.159 mol AgNO₃ * (3 mol AgCl/3 mol AgNO₃) = 0.159 mol AgCl

Amount of AgCl produced by FeCl₃:

0.268 mol FeCl₃ * (3 mol AgCl/1 mol FeCl₃) = 0.804 mol AgCl

Since AgNO₃ produces less AgCl (0.159 mol) than FeCl₃ (0.804 mol), AgNO₃ is the limiting reactant.

Finally, we can calculate the mass of AgCl produced using the amount of AgNO₃ reacted:

0.159 mol AgNO₃* (3 mol AgCl/3 mol AgNO₃) * (143.32 g AgCl/1 mol AgCl) = 22.8 g AgCl

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The concentration of Cu²⁺ in the solution after 15.27 hours of electrolysis under a current of 1.55 A is 2.79 M.

The equation for the electrolysis of Cu²⁺ is: Cu²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Cu(s)

From this equation, we can see that for every 2 electrons transferred, 1 mole of Cu²⁺ is reduced to form 1 mole of Cu. The amount of charge transferred during electrolysis can be calculated using the formula: Q = It

Since 2 electrons are required to reduce 1 mole of Cu²⁺, the number of moles of Cu²⁺ reduced can be calculated as: moles of Cu²⁺ = (83,565 C) / (2 × 96,485 C/mol)

moles of Cu²⁺ = 0.433 mol

The new volume of the solution is still 1.00 L. Therefore, the new concentration of Cu²⁺ can be calculated as: new [Cu²⁺] = (0.433 mol) / (1.00 L). New [Cu²⁺] = 0.433 M

The concentration of Cu²⁺ in a 1.00 L solution with a concentration of 6.28 M was found to be 0.433 M after 15.27 hours of electrolysis under a current of 1.55 A. This was calculated by first finding the amount of charge transferred using Q = It, and then using the equation for the electrolysis of Cu²⁺ to calculate the number of moles of Cu²⁺ reduced.

Assuming a negligible change in volume, the concentration of Cu²⁺ after electrolysis was found to be approximately 2.79 M.

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The rate at which atoms of radioactive sources, or radionuclides, disintegrate is measured in curies. A curie is a unit of measure for the amount of radioactive material present. It represents the amount of radioactive material in which 37 billion atoms disintegrate per second.

The disintegration of radionuclides produces ionizing radiation, which can be measured in rems or roentgens.

A rem is a unit of measurement for the amount of ionizing radiation absorbed by living tissue, while a roentgen is a unit of measurement for the amount of ionizing radiation in the air.
In summary, the rate at which atoms of radioactive sources disintegrate is measured in curies, while the amount of ionizing radiation produced by the disintegration can be measured in rems or roentgens. It is important to understand these units of measurement in order to properly monitor and regulate exposure to ionizing radiation, as it can have harmful effects on living organisms.

The rate at which atoms of radioactive sources (radionuclides) disintegrate is measured in curies (c).
To explain further, radioactive sources contain unstable atoms, called radionuclides. These radionuclides undergo disintegration or decay, during which they emit radiation. To quantify this process, we use various units.
Curies (Ci) is a unit of measurement specifically used to express the activity of a radioactive substance, or how quickly atoms in the radioactive source are disintegrating. One curie represents 37 billion disintegrations per second.

It's important to note the other units you mentioned:
- Rems (roentgen equivalent in man) is a unit used to measure the biological impact of ionizing radiation on human tissue.
- Roentgens (R) is a unit used to measure the exposure to ionizing radiation, specifically the amount of radiation that produces a certain amount of ionization in air.
- Rods is not a unit related to radioactivity, but might be confused with control rods, which are used in nuclear reactors to control the rate of nuclear reactions.

In summary, the appropriate unit for measuring the rate at which atoms of radioactive sources disintegrate is curies.

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Answer:

coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear energy.

Answer:

71.92 kPa

Explanation:

Using the combined gas law equation;

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

Where;

P1 = initial pressure (kPa)

P2 = final pressure (kPa)

V1 = initial volume (L)

V2 = final volume (L)

T1 = initial temperature (K)

T2 = final temperature (K)

According to the information provided in this question;

T1 = 50°C = 50 + 273 = 323K

V1 = 105L

T2 = -25°C = -25 + 273 = 248K

P2 = 105.4 kPa

P1 = ?

V2 = 55.0 L

Using P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

P1 × 105/323 = 105.4 × 55/248

105P1/323 = 5797/248

0.325P1 = 23.375

P1 = 23.375 ÷ 0.325

P1 = 71.92 kPa

To create one mole of H₂, 2.0 moles of Ca must be reacted with 4.0 moles of water.

From the balanced chemical equation:

Ca + 2H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + H₂

we can see that 1 mole of Ca reacts with 2 moles of H₂O to produce 1 mole of H₂. Therefore, we need to calculate how many moles of H₂O are required to react with 2.0 moles of Ca.

If 1 mole of Ca reacts with 2 moles of H₂O, then 2.0 moles of Ca will react with:

2.0 moles Ca x (2 moles H₂O/1 mole Ca) = 4.0 moles H₂O

Therefore, 4.0 moles of H₂O are needed to react with 2.0 moles of Ca to produce 1 mole of H₂.

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Answer:

Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object in motion.

a) Balanced equation:

2Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 -> 2NaNO3 + H2O + CO2

b) Pathway:

To determine the mass of Na2CO3 required to react with 150 mL of 0.15 M HNO3, we need to follow these steps:

Write the balanced equation to determine the stoichiometry between Na2CO3 and HNO3.

Convert the volume of HNO3 to moles using its molarity.

Use the stoichiometry from the balanced equation to determine the moles of Na2CO3 required.

Convert the moles of Na2CO3 to grams using its molar mass.

c) Calculation:

Given:

Volume of HNO3 = 150 mL = 0.150 L

Molarity of HNO3 = 0.15 M

Step 1: Balanced equation:

2Na2CO3 + 2HNO3 -> 2NaNO3 + H2O + CO2

Step 2: Convert volume of HNO3 to moles:

Moles of HNO3 = Volume (L) × Molarity

= 0.150 L × 0.15 M

= 0.0225 moles of HNO3

Step 3: Use stoichiometry to find moles of Na2CO3:

From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of Na2CO3 react with 2 moles of HNO3.

Therefore, the moles of Na2CO3 required = 0.0225 moles of HNO3

Step 4: Convert moles of Na2CO3 to grams:

Molar mass of Na2CO3 = (2 × atomic mass of Na) + atomic mass of C + (3 × atomic mass of O)

= (2 × 22.99 g/mol) + 12.01 g/mol + (3 × 16.00 g/mol)

= 105.99 g/mol

Mass of Na2CO3 = Moles × Molar mass

= 0.0225 moles × 105.99 g/mol

= 2.384 g

d) Calculation:

The mass of Na2CO3 required to completely react with 150 mL of 0.15 M HNO3 is 2.384 grams.

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Answer:

BARIUM HYDROXIDE IS THE COMPOUND

The final temperature of the gas is approximately 40.96 Kelvin.

To determine the final temperature of the gas, we can use the ideal gas law, which states:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, let's convert the given temperatures to Kelvin. We have:

Initial temperature: -125 degrees Celsius = 148 K (approximate)

Final temperature: Unknown

The initial conditions of the gas are as follows:

Initial pressure (P1) = 1.25 atm

Initial volume (V1) = 1250 mL = 1.25 L (since 1 L = 1000 mL)

Initial temperature (T1) = 148 K

The final conditions of the gas are as follows:

Final pressure (P2) = 50.0 atm

Final volume (V2) = 325 mL = 0.325 L

Final temperature (T2) = Unknown

Using the ideal gas law, we can set up the following equation:

(P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2

Substituting the known values:

(1.25 atm * 1.25 L) / 148 K = (50.0 atm * 0.325 L) / T2

Simplifying the equation:

T2 = (50.0 atm * 0.325 L * 148 K) / (1.25 atm * 1.25 L)

T2 = 40.96 K

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