Gene Expression word bank! Help please!!

Filamentous viruses are classified by the pattern of capsid monomers, which forms a helical tube around the genome.

A gene is the fundamental and purposeful unit of heredity. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules directed as proteins. but, many genes do now not code for proteins.

Our genes incorporate instructions that inform your cells to make molecules referred to as proteins. Proteins perform various features to keep us healthy. Every gene includes commands that determine your functions, together with eye color, and height.

In human beings, genes vary in length from a few hundred DNA bases to extra than 2 million bases.

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Answer:

different kinds of garden plants take in water from the soil

Assuming complete dominance, 1) green. 2) 1:1. 3) 100%. 4) 1/4 = 25% wingless. 5) C- homozygous recessive. 6) Violet. 7) 0% red flowers. 8) 1:1. 9) SS or Ss. 10) 50% chances.

When the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele, we talk about complete dominance.

This is the case of individuals that are heterozygous for a particular gene and express the dominant trait. The presence of at least one dominant allele is enough to hide the expression of the recessive allele.

To answer the questions, we will assume complete dominance and diallelic genes.

1)

Cross: green parakeet x blue parakeet

F1) 100% green

If all individuals among the offpring are green, we expect green to be the dominant color, coded by a dominant allele inherited by the whole progeny.

Ans: Green is the dominant trait

2)

Cross: heterozygous green parakeet with homozygous blue parakeet

Parentals) Gg  x   gg

Punnett square)   G     g

                     g     Gg    gg

                     g     Gg    gg

F1) Genoytpe: 50% GG and 50% gg

    Phenotype: 50% green and 50% blue

Phenotypic and genotypic ratio 1:1

3) Cross: homozygous green parakeet with heterozygous green parakeet

Parentals) GG  x   Gg

Punnett square)   G     G

                     G     GG    GG

                     g       Gg    Gg

F1) Genoytpe: 50% GG and 50% Gg

    Phenotype: 100% green

4)

wingless ⇒ recessive trait

winged ⇒ dominant trait

Parentals) WW  x  ww

Punnett square)   W     W

                    w     Ww    Ww

                     w     Ww    Ww

F1) 100% Ww

Parentals)    Ww   x   Ww

Punnett square)   W     w

                     W   WW   Ww

                      w   Ww    ww

F2) 1/4 = 25% WW, 2/4 = 50% Ww, 1/4 = 25% ww

     3/4 winged, 1/4 wingless

The second cross will be done between heterozygous individuals. Among the F2, 25% of individuals will be wingless.

5) To know if a winged individual is homozygous dominant or heterozygous, the researcher must perform a test-cross, which involves the individual of unkown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual (wingless).

Ans: Homozygous recessive apterous. Option C)

6) Cross: violet flower x red flower

Parentals) VV  x  vv

Punnett square)   V     V

                         v   Vv   Vv

                         v   Vv    Vv

F1) 100% violet flowers

If all individuals among the offpring have violet flowers, we expect violet to be the dominant color, coded by a dominant allele inherited by the whole progeny.

Ans: Violet is the dominant color

7) Cross: homozygous violet with homozygous red

Parentals) VV  x   vv

Punnett square)   V      V

                     v     Vv     Vv

                     v      Vv    Vv

F1) 100% Vv, heterozygous and expressing violet flowers.

Ans: 0% of the progeny will have red flowers.

8) yellow: dominant

    white: recessive

Cross: heterozygous butterfly with homozygous recessive one

Parentals)   Ss  x   ss

Punnett square)   S     s

                     s     Ss    ss

                     s     Ss    ss

F1) 1/2 = 50% Ss  Yellow

     1/2 = 50% ss   White

Phenotypic ratio 1:1 ⇒1/2 yellow : 1/2 white

9) straight ear: dominant

   flop ear: recessive

Genotypes     Phenotypes

SS and Ss          Straight

ss                        Flop

A dog with straight ears might be either homozygous dominnat SS or heterozygous Ss.

10) Cross) heterozygous straight-eared dog with flop-eared dog

Parentals) Ss  x  ss

Punnett square)   S     s

                     s     Ss    ss

                     s     Ss    ss

F1) 50% Ss

    50% ss

Ans: Yes, there are 50% chances of having puppies with flop ears.

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Answer:

catabolic pathway/ catabolism

Explanation:

The energy profile diagram shows an exothermic or exergonic process - as the process releases energy. Catabolic reactions breakdown larger molecules into smaller ones, giving off energy. For example the glycolysis.

Answer:

Species interaction- competition, predation, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism.

According to the DNA base pairing rule, adenine binds to the thymine molecule of another DNA strand, which suggests that all the options are correct in their own sense.

Complementary DNA sequence is the nucleic acid sequence of bases which forms pairs with other DNA strand on the basis of base pairing rule. DNA strands are polymers or chains of deoxy nucleoside monophosphates which are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. DNA base pairing rule is given by Chargaff's rule according to which the four sugar bases namely adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T) combine together on the two DNA strands. As per this rule, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine on the other strand and vice versa and similarly, Cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G) on the other strand and vice versa.

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The given question is incomplete as the option are not provided however, the correct options are as follows:

Defective proteins are often degraded quickly, making their effects temporary.

Single amino acid substitutions caused by errors in mRNA transcription would not affect protein function.

Unlike DNA mutations, mRNA transcripts have short half-lives and are not inherited across many generations.

Degradation of defective proteins activates mRNA repair pathways RNA polymerases synthesize many transcripts per gene, so only a small fraction of RNA transcripts would have errors.

ch mRNA molecule is only translated once and then degraded

Answer:

The correct answer is - statements 1, 3, and 4.

Explanation:

DNA polymerase is the enzyme that is responsible for the production of the new DNA molecule and any mutation in this enzyme that will inhibit the DNA repair process which affects future generations.

RNA polymerase is an enzyme that is responsible for the transcription of DNA to mRNA and any error-prone mRNAs have chances of degradation. Error in DNA replication is from generation to generation as it is inherited

The process of transcription is quick.

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

It talks about how the pavement simply just streams off down... like a sidewalk with water trailing down to a sewer.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

storm sewers direct more run off to streams.

Creates proteins: Ribosome

Packages proteins: Golgi Apparatus

Moves proteins to the correct regions of the cell: Microtubule

Fortifies the cell shape: Cytoskeleton

Mostly made of water: Cytosol

Ribosomes are organelles that are responsible for creating proteins by assembling amino acids based on the information provided by messenger RNA (mRNA). They can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The Golgi Apparatus is a stacked organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles for transport to their final destinations within the cell or for secretion outside the cell.

Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton, which is a network of protein fibers that provide structural support and shape to the cell. Microtubules are responsible for moving proteins and other cellular components to the correct regions of the cell, and they also play a role in cell division. The cytoskeleton is the network of protein fibers that provide structural support and shape to the cell. It is responsible for fortifying the cell shape and helping the cell maintain its structural integrity.

The cytosol is the liquid portion of the cytoplasm, which is the gel-like substance that fills the cell. It is mostly made of water and contains various dissolved ions, molecules, and proteins that are essential for cellular processes.

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Answer:

C.) B+I-D-E

Explanation:

The correct formula for population growth is the individuals added to the population via birth or immigration, minus the individuals removed from the population via death or emmigration. Therefore the answer is (B+I)-(D+E), or B+I-D-E

1.Ice melting is a physical change

2.Eggs cooking is a chemical change

3.Salt dissolving is a physical change

4.Wood burning is a chemical change

5. Fireworks exploding is a chemical change

A substance can change physically even when no new substance is created as a result of the change. It simply modifies the substance's outward attributes, such as its shape, size, texture, or phase (such as solid, liquid, or gas).

When a compound undergoes a chemical change, a new substance or substances with new chemical properties are created. Chemical bonds are broken and formed as a result of this process, which transforms one or more chemicals into one or more new substances. Chemical changes can release or absorb energy (heat, light, or sound), and they are frequently irreversible.

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Answer:The electron transport chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons across a membrane. The electron transport chain is built up of peptides, enzymes, and other molecules

Explanation:give brianlest

Answer:

Medical definitions for electron transport

The successive passage of electrons from one cytochrome or flavoprotein to another by a series of oxidation-reduction reactions during the aerobic production of ATP, with the electrons originating from an oxidizable substrate and passing to molecular oxygen.

Bio diversity plays a major role in the functioning of the ecosystem Like

1. Without pollination plants cannot produce fruits, seeds

2. Flood and soil erosion controls the plants to have water retention and also prevent soil erosion.

3. Nutrient replenishment plant bio mass which falls on the ground is the good source of recycled nutrients after decomposition.

4. Waste recycling is also done by microbes without which Earth would be more polluted.

5. One can enjoy the nature by walking through woods or watching spring flowers in full bloom in the mornings.

It is beneficial for an ecosystem to have a diverse food web

1.Diverse food web allows to create demand for a variety of food which helps a wide range of crops are continually produced for a stable ecological community

2.Even it allows for continual access to more variety of supply of nutrients and vitamins.

3.It also helps to have a healthy gut microbiome.

4. It also helps to lower the risk of food allergy and intolerance.

It is a problem if an ecosystem doesn't have a keystone species, because they have low functional redundancy which means if the species were to disappear from ecosystem no other species can fill its's ecological niche.

A key stone species is an organism which helps to define and entire ecosystem

The ecosystem stops if keystone species is not present

Selection that Best supports the article is, No. "Another thing that has health and addiction researchers worried is that a significant number of teenagers who start vaping progress to traditional cigarettes within six months." Option c is correct.

The article does not suggest that vaping is an effective way to stop smoking cigarettes. In fact, the selection that best supports this answer is "Another thing that has health and addiction researchers worried is that a significant number of teenagers who start vaping progress to traditional cigarettes within six months."

This statement suggests that vaping may actually lead to cigarette smoking, which is not a desirable outcome. The article also highlights concerns about the harmful substances found in vaping products, including nicotine, lead, and cancer-causing chemicals. Overall, the article presents vaping as a concerning trend among teenagers that warrants further investigation and education about the potential risks and harmful effects. Option c is correct.

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Answer:

?

Explanation:

Answer:

Well you just have to place one next to the other in that same order

Explanation:

Answer:

d

Explanation:

to decrease friction in Wich to make it fast

Answer:

dominant and recessive gene... i think

The loss of coastal fens in Michigan has had significant effects on the state's coastlines, coastal properties, plants, and wildlife.

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The cellular structures include cell nucleus, nuclear pores, genetic material (DNA), cytoplasm, nuclear lamina, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoskeleton and lysosome. It is an animal cell.

The cellular structures observed in the Figure include cell nucleus (A), nuclear pores (B), genetic material (C), cytoplasm (D), nuclear lamina (E), cell membrane (F), mitochondria (G), cytoskeleton (E) and lysosome (F).

The cell nucleus is an organelle that contains the genetic material (DNA) in eukaryotic cells.

The nuclear pores are little pores in the nuclear membrane that allow the passage of small molecules (e.g., RNAs, transcription factors) by simple diffusion.

The genetic material (DNA) contains the instruction to synthesize all cellular components.

The cytoplasm is an aqueous solution inside the cell, which is mainly composed of dissolved proteins and salts.

The nuclear lamina is a rigid structure located inside the cell nucleus which serves to provide structural support to this organelle.

The cell membrane is a semipermeable lipid bilayer that allows the passage of certain substances in and out of the cell.

The mitochondria are the energetic factories of eukaryotic cells, which act to generate ATP by a process called cellular respiration.

The cytoskeleton is an interconnected network of protein filaments that provides structural support to the cell.

The lysosome is an organelle inside animal cells that contains hydrolytic enzymes used to degrade different substances.

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Answer: Option D.

Crystalline and rigid.

Explanation:

When liquid freezes to ice, it becomes solid and this is crystalline and rigid because a solids for crystals which means solid atoms, molecules or ions are orderly arranged in structures which form of crystal lattice in all sides. The structure of solid becomes rigid , it does not take the container shape like liquid and it does not expand also like liquid. it volumes reduces.

Answer:

crystalline and rigid

Explanation:

a. crystalline and having high surface tension b. amorphous and having low viscosity c. rigid and having low viscosity. d. crystalline and rigid

Ocean currents are caused by a variety of factors, including wind, temperature, salinity, and the Earth's rotation. These factors affect the movement of water in the ocean, creating currents that flow in a particular direction.

Ocean currents are important because they help regulate the Earth's climate by distributing heat around the planet. They also affect weather patterns, nutrient distribution, and the migration patterns of marine life.

Ocean currents affect marine life by transporting nutrients and food sources to different areas of the ocean, which can impact the distribution and behavior of marine organisms. They also affect the migration patterns of marine animals, such as whales and sea turtles, as well as the dispersal of planktonic larvae.

Changes in ocean currents can have significant impacts on the planet, including altering weather patterns, sea levels, and the distribution of marine life.

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They became extinct, so they did not exist when the younger rock layers formed. Option D.

The most likely scenario based on the information provided is that the organisms that became fossilized in older rock layers became extinct, and therefore, they did not exist when the younger rock layers formed.

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past, and they provide valuable insights into the history of life on Earth. The distribution of fossils in rock layers follows the principle of superposition, which states that younger rock layers are deposited on top of older ones.

This implies that the fossils found in older rock layers represent organisms that lived in the past and were preserved through the fossilization process.

If the older rock layers contain fossils of many kinds of organisms that are not found in younger rock layers, it suggests that those organisms no longer existed by the time the younger rock layers formed. The absence of their fossils in younger layers indicates that either the organisms became extinct or their populations shifted to different habitats or regions where their remains were not preserved as fossils.

This phenomenon aligns with the concept of extinction, which is the complete disappearance of a species or a group of organisms. Extinction can occur due to various factors such as environmental changes, competition, predation, or other selective pressures.

Organisms that became extinct would not be present in subsequent rock layers because they were no longer alive or did not have a viable population to leave behind fossil remains.

Therefore, the most reasonable explanation is that the organisms that became fossilized in older rock layers became extinct, and this is why they are not found in younger rock layers. SO Option D is correct.

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Hello-

The Biosphere option would match with the answer concerning plants (the bottom right box) since the biosphere concerns living things.

The Hydrosphere option would match with the answer concerning rain (the middle right box). Hydro = water.

The Lithosphere option, then, would go with the last remaining answer, concerning volcanoes (the top right box).

I hope this answers your question.

Answer: PA

Explanation:

The map shows the number of waterways in each state that still fail to meet EPA standards Pennsylvania (PA).

The Clean Water Act (CWA) establishes the fundamental framework for controlling the discharge of contaminants into American waters and for controlling surface water quality requirements.

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, which served as the CWA's starting point, was passed in 1948; nevertheless, in 1972, it underwent a considerable organizational and growth. As the Act underwent modifications in 1972, "Clean Water Act" gained its widespread name.

The EPA has launched pollution control initiatives under the CWA, such as regulating industrial effluent. Moreover, the EPA has created national water quality guidelines and recommendations for contaminants in surface waterways.

Therefore, The map shows the number of waterways in each state that still fail to meet EPA standards Pennsylvania (PA).

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Answer:

The crane has a sharp and pointed beak adapted for catching and grasping prey. The sharp beak allows the crane to effectively stab and pierce its prey, such as fish, frogs, or small animals. The pointed shape helps the crane to accurately target its prey and secure a firm grip.

On the other hand, the duck has a flat beak, which is better suited for its specific feeding habits. Ducks are primarily filter feeders, and their flat beak enables them to sift through water or mud to collect small organisms, insects, and plants. The flat beak acts like a sieve, allowing the duck to strain out food particles while retaining water.

The difference in beak shape between the crane and the duck reflects their distinct feeding strategies and ecological roles. Each species has evolved its beak shape to optimize its ability to capture and consume the specific types of food sources available in their respective habitats.

The role microbiologists can play in reducing the number of Parasitic helminths infections is to create public awareness for environmental and personal hygiene.

These are infections that are caused by parasitic helminths.

The role microbiologists can play in reducing the number of Parasitic helminths infections is to create public awareness for environmental and personal hygiene.

This infection can be diagnosed through stool analysis in a laboratory and antihelminth drugs can be given such as albendazole for the treatment.

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Answer:

landslides

Explanation:

Answer:

Landslides

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

The two pieces of evidence that support the theory of the expanding universe are the red shift of light from distant stars and the existence of cosmic background radiation.

The correct answer is option B.

1. Red shift of light from distant stars: The observation of redshift in the light coming from distant galaxies provides evidence for the expansion of the universe. Redshift occurs when the light waves from an object moving away from an observer are stretched, causing a shift towards longer wavelengths. This phenomenon is consistent with the Doppler effect, where the wavelength of light appears to stretch as the source moves away. The redshift of light from distant stars indicates that galaxies are moving away from us and from each other, supporting the idea that the universe is expanding.

2. Existence of cosmic background radiation: The discovery of cosmic background radiation further supports the theory of the expanding universe. Cosmic background radiation is a faint, uniform microwave radiation that permeates the entire universe. It is believed to be residual radiation from the Big Bang, the initial event that is thought to have initiated the expansion of the universe. The presence of cosmic background radiation provides strong evidence for the hot, dense early stages of the universe and its subsequent expansion.

Based on the information provided in the diagram, it is not possible to determine the identity or nature of the celestial objects labeled X. The diagram only represents the expansion of the universe over time and does not provide specific details about individual celestial objects.

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The example of a positive feedback loop related to global warming is "As ice melts, water is exposed, increasing the temperature even more and causing more melt."

Global warming refers to the long-term increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, primarily caused by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes. These activities release large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, into the atmosphere, which trap heat and cause the Earth's temperature to rise.

As ice melts, water is exposed, increasing the temperature even more and causing more melt."This is because as ice melts, it exposes darker surfaces like water or land, which absorb more solar radiation and heat up. This additional warming then causes more ice to melt, which in turn exposes even more dark surfaces, leading to a self-reinforcing cycle of warming and melting. This positive feedback loop is one of the factors contributing to the accelerating rate of ice loss in the Arctic and Antarctic regions.

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