How must we place the thermometer in simple distillation to obtain an accurate reading?
Answers
In a simple distillation setup, the thermometer is usually placed in the distillation head or column.
It is important to position the thermometer at the correct height in the distillation head to obtain an accurate reading of the temperature of the vapor being distilled. The thermometer should be positioned so that its bulb is at the same height as the sidearm of the distillation head. This will ensure that the thermometer is measuring the temperature of the vapor being produced in the boiling flask and traveling up the column, rather than the temperature of the liquid in the boiling flask.
It is also important to ensure that the thermometer is securely in place and not touching the glass walls of the distillation head or column, as this can affect the accuracy of the temperature reading.
Additionally, it is important to calibrate the thermometer before use to ensure that it is reading accurately. This can be done by placing the thermometer in a mixture of ice and water and checking that it reads 0°C, or by using a thermometer with a calibration certificate that verifies its accuracy.
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Related Questions
the following two half-cells are paired up in a voltaic cell. if the ph of the first half cell is lowered (the concentration of oh- is decreased) how will this immediately affect the δe of the cell?
Answers
The two given half-cells are paired up in a voltaic cell. if the ph of the first half cell is lowered, it will influence the reduction potential of the \(ClO_2^-\) + \(2OH^-\) half-reaction. This will further affect the overall cell potential (∆E).
The overall cell potential (∆E) can be calculated by subtracting the reduction potential of the oxidation half-reaction from the reduction potential of the reduction half-reaction (∆E =\(E_o\)(reduction) - \(E_o\)(oxidation)).
The equation for the overall cell reaction is:
\(ClO_2_{(aq)} + 2OH^-_{(aq)} + I_2_{(S)\) ↔ \(ClO3^-_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)} + 2I^-_{(aq)\)
Given reduction potentials:
\(E_o\)(\(ClO_2^-/ClO_3^-\)) = -0.35 V
\(E_o\)(\(I_2/I^-\)) = 0.54 V
Now,
∆E = \(E_o\)(reduction) - \(E_o\)(oxidation)
= \(E_o\)(I2/I-) - Eo(ClO2-/ClO3-)
= 0.54 V - (-0.35 V)
= 0.54 V + 0.35 V
= 0.89 V
Therefore, the overall cell potential (∆E) of the voltaic cell is 0.89 V.
When the concentration of OH- is reduced, it will affect the concentration of OH- in the half-cell involving \(ClO_2^-\). Since OH- is a reactant in the half-cell reaction, a decrease in its concentration will shift the equilibrium towards the reactants' side. As a result, the reduction potential (Eo) of the ClO2- + \(2OH^-\) half-reaction will be affected.
The reduction of OH- concentration will affect the ∆E of the entire cell by modifying the reduction potential of the \(ClO_2^-\) + \(2OH^-\) half-reaction, which in turn influences the overall cell potential.
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Complete question:
The following two half-cells are paired up in a voltaic cell. if the ph of the first half cell is lowered (the concentration of oh- is decreased) how will this immediately affect the ∆E of the cell?
\(ClO_2^-\) + \(2OH^-\)-> \(ClO3^- + H_2O + 2e^-\) Eo= -0.35V
\(I_2 + 2e^-\) -> 2I Eo = 0.54V
Total: \(ClO_2^-\)+ \(2OH^-\) + \(I_2\)-> \(ClO3^-+ H_2O+2I\)
write the distribution of electrons in carbon and sodium atoms?
Answers
The distribution of electrons in carbon and sodium atoms is 1s²2s²2p² and 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹ respectively.
1s²2s²2p² is the distribution of electrons in carbon and 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹ is the distribution of electrons in sodium.
The atomic number of Carbon is 6 and sodium is 11.
This indicates the presence of two electrons in the innermost orbital of carbon, further the next electrons are in the 2s orbital and next two electrons are in the orbital 2p in the carbon atom. So, we can write, the distribution of electrons is 1s²2s²2p².
However, In sodium atom, this indicates the presence of two electrons in the innermost orbital of carbon, further the next electrons are in the 2s orbital and next six electrons are in the orbital 2p and further one electron in the 3s orbital. So, we can write, the distribution of electrons is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
The Electronic configuration is the distribution of electrons in the atom containing orbitals according to a basic principle.
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True or False, The crust is made up of different plates that can slowly move around?
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
There is such thing called tectonic plated
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The crust is made of plates called tectonic plates that move as fast as your finger nails grow, the amount of movement can create both tall and deep earth wonders. Such as the Mariana Trench and Mount Everest. And it causes earthquakes when they slide together.
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Have a nice day!
Why should the y-intercept of your plot equal 0? (Lab 2)
Answers
A y-intercept of zero is desirable and indicates that the experiment and analysis were properly conducted.
In many experiments, a plot is created with the dependent variable (y-axis) against the independent variable (x-axis). In some cases, the y-intercept of the plot may have a physical meaning or significance. In the context of Lab 2, which I don't have the specific details of, the y-intercept should be zero because it indicates that when the independent variable is zero, the dependent variable is also zero.
This means that there is no contribution from the independent variable when its value is zero. If the y-intercept is not zero, it could indicate a systematic error in the experiment or an incorrect assumption made during data analysis.
Therefore, having a y-intercept of zero is desirable and indicates that the experiment and analysis were properly conducted.
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Match up the characteristics below with the type of molecular bond they describe. Bonds found in Halite (between Na+ and Cl-) Bonds found between Si and O in the Si-O tetrahedron Bonds inside the water molecule (between the H and O ) Bonds that exist between two water molecules Strongest bond type Weakest bond type Bonds that are used by water to dissolve sal
Answers
The characteristics and the type of molecular bond they describe:
1. Bonds found in Halite (between Na⁺ and Cl⁻): Ionic bond
2. Bonds found between Si and O in the Si-O tetrahedron: Covalent bond
3. Bonds inside the water molecule (between the H and O): Covalent bond
4. Bonds that exist between two water molecules: Hydrogen bond
5. Strongest bond type: Covalent bond
6. Weakest bond type: Van der Waals bond
7. Bonds that are used by water to dissolve salt: Ionic bond
The ionic bond is a type of molecular bond found in halite (between Na⁺ and Cl⁻). The Si-O tetrahedron is held together by a covalent bond. The bond inside the water molecule (between the H and O) is also a covalent bond. The hydrogen bond is the type of bond that exists between two water molecules. The covalent bond is the strongest bond type, while the van der Waals bond is the weakest bond type. Water uses the ionic bond to dissolve the salt.
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List all soluble salt
Answers
Answer:
Calcium, potassium, aluminum, chlorine, bromine
Explanation:
I do not know all of them, but here are some.
Problem #1 : Radioisotopes are used for a variety of medical purposes including as cancer treatments. Attaching an alpha emitter to an antibody allows for a targeted therapy which can be less damaging to healthy tissue than some other cancer treatments. One such alpha emitter is Astatine 211 (211At) which undergoes LaTeX: \alpha α decay (hence the name, alpha emitter).
1.) What isotope is created by the LaTeX: \alpha α decay of 211At? 2.) How many p+, n0, and e- does it have?
Problem #2 : The grand dream of the protoscience called Alchemy was the transmutation of Lead (Pb) into Gold (Au). Thousands of years later, surely we can do better... after all, Platinum (Pt) is what everyone wants these days. We'll start with an isotope of lead, 209Pb which undergoes LaTeX: \beta β - decay. In reality, that is the end of our tale. However, this is a thought exercise and we can do what we want. Using the different types of radioactive decay described above, but still starting with LaTeX: \beta β - decay, how could we get 209Pb to Pt?
1.) What isotope is created by the LaTeX: \beta β - decay of 209Pb?
2.) Come up with a sequence of radioactive decay steps that would then lead to an isotope of Pt.
3.) What isotope of Pt did you create? How many p+, n0, and e- does it have?
Answers
Answer and Explanation: Many nuclei are radioactive, which means they emit particles to become stable. In the process, they also become a different element. There are 3 types of decay:
Alpha decay: it emits a particle of Helium, i.e., emits a particle with 2 as atomic number (Z) and 4 as atomic mass (A);Beta decay: emits an electron: a particle with 0 mass and -1 as atomic number;Gamma decay: emits a high energy form of electromagnetic radiation and it is extremely dangerous and penetrating;Problem #1:
1.) Astatine: Z = 85 and A = 211
Alpha decay: \({{A=211} \atop {Z=85}} \right. At\) ⇒ \({{207} \atop {83}} \right. Bi + {{4} \atop {2}} \right. \alpha\)
The isotope created is Bismuth
Characteristics: Z = 83; e⁻ = 83; n = A - Z = 207 - 83 = 124
The isotope is Bismuth with 83 protons, 83 electrons and 124 neutrons.
Problem #2
1.) Lead: Z = 82 and A = 82
Beta decay: \({{209} \atop {82}} \right. Pb\) ⇒ \({{209} \atop {81}} \right. Tl+{{0} \atop {-1}} \right. \beta\)
The isotope created is talium.
2.) \({{209} \atop {82}} \right. Pb\) ⇒ \({{209} \atop {81}} \right. Tl+{{0} \atop {-1}} \right. \beta\)
\({{209} \atop {81}} \right. Tl\) ⇒ \({{205} \atop {79}} \right. Au+{{4} \atop {2}} \right. \alpha\)
\({{205} \atop {79}} \right. Au\) ⇒ \({{205} \atop {78}} \right. Pt+{{0} \atop {-1}} \right. \beta\)
3.) The isotope created is \({{205} \atop {78}} \right. Pt\).
p⁺ = 78; e⁻ = 78; n = 127
The isotope created ahs 78 protons, 78 electrons and 127 neutrons.
why did the atomic model theory change over time
Answers
Answer:
The atomic theory has changed over time as new technologies have become available. Scientific knowledge builds on past research and experimentation. 400 B.C. Democritus, a philosopher in ancient Greece, began the search for a description of matter.
Explanation:
Which of the following will Float on pure water?
оа
Ob
A substance with a mass of 1.33 g. and a volume of 1.38 ml.
A substance with a mass of 534.23 grams and a volume of 522.3 mL
A substance with a volume of 436.2 mL and a mass of 4180.23 g.
A substance with a volume of 3.35 mL and a mass of 22.64 g.
ос
Od
Answers
Answer:
ob
Explanation:
becoz when volume increases density decreases.
HELP ME FLOCABULARY
help me please
Answers
Answer:
a
Explanation:
potential energy is something that could happen but haven't yet
PLEASE HELP ASAP!
How does the Earth’s Interior and surface play a role in the formation of all three rocks?
Answers
Explanation:
The Earth's interior and surface play important roles in the formation of all three types of rocks: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
Igneous rocks form from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava, which originate from the Earth's interior. Magma is formed from the melting of rocks in the Earth's mantle, and it can rise to the surface and erupt as lava. As the magma or lava cools, it solidifies and forms igneous rocks.
Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and cementation of sediment particles that have been transported from their original source by wind, water, or ice. The sediment particles are often derived from the erosion of existing rocks, which can be caused by weathering and tectonic forces.
Metamorphic rocks form from pre-existing rocks that have been subjected to high temperature, pressure, and/or chemical alteration, often due to tectonic forces or hydrothermal fluids. The pre-existing rocks can be any type of rock, including igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic.
In a polymerase chain reaction, What is the temperature required for the extension step?
a) 72 °C
b)94 °C
c) 60 °C
Answers
The temperature required for the extension step in a polymerase chain reaction is typically 72 °C.
This is the temperature at which the DNA polymerase enzyme extends the primers and synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing chain.
The extension step is a crucial part of the PCR process as it allows for the amplification of the target DNA sequence.
The reaction is typically carried out in a thermal cycler that can rapidly and precisely adjust the temperature to facilitate the various steps in the PCR cycle.
Incorrect temperature settings can lead to inefficient amplification or non-specific products.
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A second concern was discovered when a chemical dosing machine in the bottling line had a minor release during a change out of the chemical dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC). The employees were evacuated without injury.
These two incidents led the winery to determine the level of risk and potential solutions. A risk assessment team was formed, and an assessment was performed. The team determined that the SO2 and DMDC exposure risks both presented multiple fatality – level risk and required immediate risk treatment.
Management sets the expectations, context, and objectives of the assessment. The risk assessment team was established that included the consultant as facilitator, the winemaker, assistant winemaker, cellar manager, operations manager, bottling
department manager, maintenance manager, and Health and Safety Executive (HSE) manager.
Data were collected regarding the SO2 and DMDC operations, equipment and instruments used, instructions, chemicals, and their SDSs, operator training, procedures, and available incident information. A search for similar events involving SO2 and DMDC were also conducted. Employees were interviewed to learn from their experiences, concerns, and suggestions.
The two procedures were observed to document and understand the sequence of tasks and potential risks associated with tasks. Photographs, tank quantities, room dimensions and configurations, distances to exits, means of egress, and other physical attributes were collected.
After reviewing the information, the potential concerns of fatalities or serious incidents were discussed. Workplace exposures such as pure SO2 releases and DMDC releases which present a potential for fatalities or serious incidents must be given the highest priority and controlled to an acceptable level. As a side note, the consultant explained that unlike like less-serious workplace incident rates, fatality, and serious incident/injury rates have not declined and do require serious attention. FSI exposures that can result in environmental releases, explosions, and disasters have been found to involve some of the following factors (14):
• Unusual and nonroutine work
• Nonproduction tasks
• Facility modification or construction activities
• Shutdowns and startups for repair and maintenance tasks
• Exposure to high-energy sources (e.g. electrical, steam, pneumatic, chemical) • Upsets (situations going from normal to abnormal).
Answers
The risk assessment team, consisting of various members from different departments within the winery, conducted a comprehensive assessment of the potential risks associated with sulfur dioxide (SO2) and dimethyl dicarbonate (DMDC) operations.
Data was collected regarding the equipment, chemicals, procedures, training, incident history, and physical attributes of the workplace. The team also interviewed employees to gather their experiences, concerns, and suggestions.
After reviewing the collected information, the team identified the potential risks of fatalities or serious incidents related to workplace exposures of SO2 and DMDC. These risks were considered of utmost priority and required immediate control to ensure an acceptable level of safety. The consultant highlighted the importance of addressing these serious risks, as fatality and serious incident rates have not shown a decline and demand serious attention.
Factors contributing to the potential for environmental releases, explosions, and disasters were identified, including unusual and nonroutine work, nonproduction tasks, facility modification or construction activities, shutdowns and startups for repair and maintenance tasks, exposure to high-energy sources (such as electrical, steam, pneumatic, chemical), and situations transitioning from normal to abnormal (upsets).
Based on the assessment and the identified risks, it is crucial for the winery to implement effective control measures to minimize the potential for fatalities, serious incidents, and environmental disasters. These measures may include improving procedures, enhancing operator training, implementing stricter safety protocols, and ensuring proper handling and storage of chemicals.
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Fivonine gas exerts a pressure of 900. Torr When the pressure is changed to 1.50 atr
Its volume is 250. mL. What was the orlginal volume?
Answers
The original volume that was occupied by the Fivonine gas is 318 mL.
What is the Boyle's law?According to the Boyle's law; as long as the temperature and volume of the gas remain constant, the law asserts that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, or that as volume falls, pressure increases, and vice versa.
We know that;
P1V1 = P2V2
Then;
P1 = 900 torr or 1.18 atm
P2 = 1.50 atm
V1 = ?
V2 = 250 mL
Then V1 = P2V2/P1
V1= 1.50 * 250/1.18
V1 = 318 mL
This is the original volume.
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A girl skateboards with a kinetic energy of 2543.2 j. If the girl and skateboard have a total mass of 110kg, what is her speed?
Answers
Answer:
Her speed is 6.8m/s.
Explanation:
K.E= 1/2mv²
or, 2543.2= 1/2×110×v²
or, 2543.2 = 55v²
or, 2543.2/55 = v²
or, 46.24 = v²
or, 6.8² = v²
v = 6.8 m/s
answer
6.8
explanation
k.e=1/2v^2
2543.2=55v^2
46.24=v^2
6.8^2=v^2
v=6.8
Which two factors affect the amount of thermal energy an object has?
Answers
Answer:
A and C
Explanation:
I just took the quiz
The factors affect the amount of thermal energy an object has:
The number of particles that make up the object.The average kinetic energy of the particles of the object is moving.What factors affect the amount of energy needed to increase the temperature of a material?Factors that affect the amount of energy are:
the mass of the material.the substance of the material (specific heat capacity ).the desired temperature change.What is the thermal energy of an object?A measure of the kinetic energy of the particles that make up a material. The movement of heat energy from a warm object to a cool object. Transmission of thermal energy from one object to another by electric waves. Transmission of thermal energy between objects by particle collisions.
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decide how to supersets these substances? If if is not possible, please write "cannot be separated" on the space provided
Answers
Answer: (although the question does not sate whether if you separate them physically or through energy. so i did both)
1. can be separated (When high-energy ultraviolet rays strike ordinary oxygen molecules (O2), they split the molecule into two single oxygen atoms, known as atomic oxygen)
2. can be separated, but through electrolysis, fiscally moving a crane to generate electricity to separate the molecules
3. Most solid particles, composed of diamagnetic or weak paramagnetic materials, cannot be extracted by a conventional magnetic separator. physically cannot be separated. but through heat yes
4. but there is a catch: doing so requires energy. ... If energy from coal were applied to drive the decomposition reaction, more CO2 would be released than consumed, because no process is perfectly efficient. so it cant be separated physically
5. it can be separated but it needs energy physically cannot be separated.
Explanation:
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base that is very corrosive. What is the mass of 2.75 × 10-4 moles of NaOH?
3.24 x 10–3 g NaOH
1.10 x 10–2 g NaOH
6.10 x 10–2 g NaOH
6.50 x 10–2 g NaOH
Answers
The mass of 2.75 × \(10^{-4}\)moles NaOH will be 1.1 x \(10^{-2}\) grams
Mass/mole relationshipRecall that:
Mole = mass/molar mass.
Thus, mass = mole x molar mass.
In this case, the mole is 2.75 × \(10^{-4}\) moles and the molar mass of NaOH is 40 g/mol.
Mass = 2.75 × \(10^{-4}\)x 40 = 1.1 x \(10^{-2}\) grams
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Answer:
Answer is option B or:
1.10 x 10–2 g NaOH
Explanation:
hope this helps! (edge)
Multiply the numbers and round the answer to the correct number of significant figures. \[ 3.293 \times 0.82= \]
Answers
To multiply the numbers and round the answer to the correct number of significant figures, follow these steps: Multiply the numbers, and Determine the number of significant figures in the original numbers. 3.293 X 0.82 = 2.7 (rounded to 2 significant figures).
To multiply the numbers and round the answer to the correct number of significant figures, follow these steps:
Step 1: Multiply the numbers: 3.293 x 0.82 = 2.69726.
Step 2: Determine the number of significant figures in the original numbers. In this case, 3.293 has 4 significant figures, and 0.82 has 2 significant figures.
Step 3: Round the result to the least number of significant figures among the original numbers, which is 2 significant figures in this case.
Step 4: Round the result to 2 significant figures: 2.7.
Therefore, \(3.293 X 0.82 = 2.7\) (rounded to 2 significant figures).
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plss help . i have no idea
Answers
Answer:
Protons and Neutrons have approximately the same mass.
Equal numbers of protons and electrons make an atom neutral.
Protons have a positive charge
Explanation:
Protons and Neutrons have approximately the same mass. - both are 1 amu
Equal numbers of protons and electrons make an atom neutral. - protons are +1 and electrons are -1, so they cancel each other if there are equal amounts.
Protons have a positive charge - this is true.
3 mL has 8 mg in it how many milligrams are in 10 mL
Answers
Answer:
there are about 26.67 milligrams in 10 mL.
Explanation:
To find the number of milligrams in 10 mL, you can use the proportion:
(8 mg) / (3 mL) = (x mg) / (10 mL)
Where x is the number of milligrams in 10 mL. To solve for x, you can cross-multiply and divide:
(8 mg) * (10 mL) = (3 mL) * (x mg)
x = (8 mg) * (10 mL) / (3 mL)
x = 26.666.. mg
you place a paper clip in a cup of soda and it sinks. which is denser the paper clip or the soda? would the paper clip most likely have a density of 2.8, 1.0, or 0.3 g/ml?
Answers
Answer: the paper clip is denser 2.8 g/ml
Explanation: hope this helps
if planck's constant were approximately 50% bigger, would atoms be larger or smaller?
Answers
If Planck's constant were approximately 50% bigger, atoms would be smaller. This is because Planck's constant plays a role in determining the energy levels and wavelengths of electrons in an atom.
With a larger Planck's constant, the energy levels and wavelengths would be smaller, meaning the electron orbits would be smaller and closer to the nucleus. This would result in a smaller overall size for the atom.
Planck's constant, denoted as "h," is a fundamental constant of nature that relates the energy of a photon to its frequency. It was first introduced by German physicist Max Planck in 1900 to explain the behavior of electromagnetic radiation emitted by heated objects, known as blackbody radiation.
The value of Planck's constant is approximately 6.626 x 10^-34 joule-second (J s). It is a key parameter in quantum mechanics and plays a critical role in determining the energy levels of atoms and molecules, the behavior of electrons in solids, and the functioning of many modern technologies, such as lasers, LEDs, and solar cells.
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how to write net ionic equations for acid base reactions
Answers
To write a net ionic equation for an acid-base reaction, write the balanced molecular equation, followed by the complete ionic equation, and then identify the spectator ions. Eliminate the spectator ions to obtain the net ionic equation.
Acid-base reactions are a type of reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to form salt and water. Net ionic equations are used to show only the species that are involved in the chemical reaction, eliminating the spectator ions. The steps to write the net ionic equations for acid-base reactions are as follows:
Write the balanced molecular equation: The equation representing the reaction between the acid and base, written using the chemical formulas of the reactants and products.
Write the complete ionic equation: This equation shows the dissociation of the ionic compounds in the reaction into their constituent ions.
Identify the spectator ions: These are the ions that appear on both the reactant and product sides of the equation. Eliminate the spectator ions: Write the net ionic equation by removing the spectator ions from the complete ionic equation, leaving only the ions involved in the reaction.
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Please! Compose structural formulas: a) two closest homologues of propanol; b) two isomers of pentanol according to the position of the multiple bond.
Answers
The structural formula of a chemical compound is a graphic representation of the molecular structure, which shows how atoms are arranged or spatially distributed. The chemical bonds within the molecule are shown, either explicitly or implicitly.
a) If we look at the structure of propanol then it is having single bonds with one alcohol (OH) group. In such a case, the closest homologues which cab be formed will be ketone and aldehyde.
b) Isomers can be of different types. In this the structural formula is talked about so we will take into account only about the structural isomer. Structural isomer is the arrangement of compound in which the number of bonds and elements remains same but the structure is different. In propanol, the OH group can come in the mid carbon and that carbon can also have a methyl group attached to it.
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When the temperature of a gas is increases within a closed container, pressure increases due to which of the following?
A. The frequency of collisions between molecules and the container walls decreases.
B. The frequency of collisions between molecules and the container walls increases.
C. The spaces between the molecules of gas decrease.
D. The gas turns into a liquid.
Answers
Answer:
It's (B). According to the kinetic theory of gases, the higher the temperature, the the faster the gas particles move inside the container, thus increasing the frequency at which they hit the walls thereby increasing the pressure.
The pressure increases due to the frequency of collisions between molecules and the container walls increases.
What is kinetic theory of matter?The kinetic theory of matter states that all matter consists of numerous small particles which are in constant motion, colliding with one another.
When the temperature of a gas is increases within a closed container, the average kinetic energy of the gas increases.
Thus, when the temperature of a gas is increases within a closed container, pressure increases due to the frequency of collisions between molecules and the container walls increases.
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they form a new____ with properties___from the original element
its about molecules
Answers
They form a new compound with new properties from the original element.
The same components are always present in the same ratios in a compound. Compounds' characteristics differ, sometimes significantly, from the characteristics of the constituent . This is due to the fact that when elements in such a compound combine, a whole new substance with distinct features results.
A compound contains special characteristics that set it apart from the characteristics of its basic elements.
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Which is the best example and explanation that a physical change has occurred?
Answers
The BLU-109/B is what type of bomb?
Answers
The BLU-109/B is a type of bomb known as a penetrator bomb or bunker buster.
As its name implies, the BLU-109/B is designed to penetrate and destroy hardened targets such as underground facilities, bunkers, and other reinforced structures. In military operations, such targets are often well-protected and difficult to destroy using conventional bombs, making the BLU-109/B a valuable weapon in these situations.
The BLU-109/B bomb is constructed with a thick, high-strength steel casing that enables it to withstand the extreme forces that occur during impact. The bomb typically features fins or wings that provide stability during flight and help guide it towards the intended target. When the bomb is released, it freefalls towards the target until it reaches the desired altitude, at which point the guidance system activates and steers the bomb towards the target.
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After many years,which cross section would pay likely result
