micro bio antibodies present across individuals from different but related species are known as
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When antibodies against a disease are given to a person rather than the individual making them naturally through their immune system, passive immunity is created.
Why do antibodies exist?Proteins called antibodies serve as your body's defense against foreign substances. Your immune system creates antibodies, which bind to these foreign molecules and transport them out of your body. Immunoglobulin is a different term for antibody.
What are immunogenicity and antigen?Antigenicity is the capacity of a substance to be specifically recognized by the antibodies produced as a result of the immunological response to the given substance, whereas immunogenicity refers to a substance's capacity to cause cellular and humoral immune response.
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Related Questions
Millions of people depend on glasses to see far away objects every day. Why are some people unable to see far away objects clearly? How do glasses help this? Research the Internet for the answers to these questions. Then, create an advertisement that explains why some people cannot see far away objects and shows potential customers how glasses help. Include text and a labeled drawing in your advertisement.
Answers
People are unable to see far-away objects clearly because of a condition known as myopia. This happens because the cornea is slightly curved.
An advertisement to convince people to buy glassesThe cause of myopia is when light enters the retina and instead of settling on it, it settles in front of it. In this condition, also known as nearsightedness, they can see near objects but not distant objects.
To make the advertisement you can do this:
Are you unable to see distant objects? A solution might just be ready for you. Regain your eyesight with this effective glass that is designed to help you see even your future from a distance. Limited stock is available. Buy now.
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Explain water's role as a solvent in blood.
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Treating circulatory disease: Angioplasty is a medical procedure in which an obstructed blood vessel is widened. In some cases, a wire mesh tube, called a stent, is placed in the vessel to help it remain open. A study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of a bare metal stent with one that has been coated with a drug designed to prevent reblocking of the vessel. A total of 5314 patients received bare metal stents, and of these, 832 needed treatment for reblocking within a year. A total of 1119 received drug-coated stents, and 140 of them required treatment within a year. Can you conclude that the proportion of patients who needed retreatment is less for those who received drug-coated stents? Let p₁ denote the proportion of patients with bare metal stents who needed retreatment and p₂ denote the proportion of patients with drug-coated stents who needed retreatment. Use the a=0.05 level of significance and the P-value method with the TI-84 Plus calculator.
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Based on the given information, we can analyze the effectiveness of bare metal stents compared to drug-coated stents in terms of retreatment rates. So as per the given information the P-value is 0.151.
To determine if the proportion of patients needing retreatment is lower for those who received drug-coated stents, we can conduct a hypothesis test using the given sample proportions and the P-value method with a significance level of α=0.05.
The null hypothesis (H₀) states that there is no difference in the proportion of patients needing retreatment between bare metal stents and drug-coated stents (p₁ = p₂). The alternative hypothesis (H₁) states that the proportion of patients needing retreatment is lower for drug-coated stents (p₁ > p₂).
By performing the hypothesis test and calculating the P-value, we can assess whether the observed data provides enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis. The TI-84 Plus calculator can be used to calculate the P-value, which will help determine the statistical significance of the results.
For the group with bare metal stents:
n₁ = 5314 (total patients with bare metal stents)
X₁ = 832 (patients needing retreatment with bare metal stents)
p₁ = X₁ / n₁
For the group with drug-coated stents:
n₂ = 1119 (total patients with drug-coated stents)
X₂ = 140 (patients needing retreatment with drug-coated stents)
p₂ = X₂ / n₂
We can calculate the test statistic using the formula:
z = (p₁ - p₂) / sqrt(p(1 - p)(1/n₁ + 1/n₂))
where p = (X₁ + X₂) / (n₁ + n₂)
so the P-value is 0.151.
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Who was the first to group Plants and Animals
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Hi!Aristotle was the first to group Plants and Animals.
Is climate change and global warming the same thing.
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Answer: No
Explanation:
Global warming refers only to the Earth’s rising surface temperature, while climate change includes warming and the “side effects” of warming—like melting glaciers, heavier rainstorms, or more frequent drought. Said another way, global warming is one symptom of the much larger problem of human-caused climate change.
A current leading hypothesis about the first system of inheritance in the earliest life forms involves
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The current leading hypothesis about the first system of inheritance in the earliest life forms involves RNA molecules.
This hypothesis suggests that RNA, specifically ribonucleic acid, played a crucial role in early forms of life. RNA is capable of both storing genetic information and catalyzing chemical reactions, making it a plausible candidate for an early genetic system. It is believed that RNA molecules could have acted as both genetic material and enzymes, allowing for self-replication and the transmission of genetic information. This hypothesis is supported by experimental evidence and provides insights into the origins of genetic inheritance in primitive life forms.
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Which quality makes Earth particularly well-suited to support life?
O A. Its axis precesses about every 26,000 years.
O B. It is roughly the same age as the sun.
O C. It features a wide variety of topographies.
OD. Its distance from the sun helps maintain a narrow temperature
range.
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Which biomolecule is important in storing and passing genetic information to our offspring?
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Answer:
Nucleic Acids.
Explanation:
Nucleic acids pass off genetic information (found in the nucleus) to offsprings
as an evolutionary theorist, dr. zorba is most likely to believe that
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The evolutionary theorist, Dr. Zorba is most likely to believe that species evolve and adapt to their environment through natural selection. This process involves the survival and reproduction of individuals with traits that are better suited for their environment, leading to changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time.
Evolutionary theory is based on scientific evidence and observations of how species change over time. It is supported by the fossil record, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology, among other fields.
Evolutionary theorists like Dr. Zorba also recognize that evolution is an ongoing process and that new traits can arise through genetic mutations or the transfer of genes between species.
Dr. Zorba's belief as an evolutionary theorist is grounded in scientific evidence and observations of how species change over time through natural selection. This understanding of evolution is fundamental to many areas of biology, including genetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
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an organism physical it its
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Answer: an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form.
Explanation:
"fish and other organisms have been destroyed over large areas of the creek"
answer multiple choice: 1- If you water your palms, do so in the:
a. night b. morning 0. afternoon d. any time
2- Like animals, fungi are a. autotrophic b. heterotrophic c. mesotrophic d. all the answers
is true 3- The Oomycota are now members of the kingdom Chromista rather than Fungi but continue to be treated as fungi because
of: a. their many other similarities to them b. not similarities to them 0. have cell walls composed of chitin d. have cell wells composed
of cellulose. 4- The pathogen attacks other host (barberry) to complete its
life cycle, this is: a. fusarium poxydoms b. Puccini graminet tritica c. Ustilago nuda tritici d. Helminrhosporium maydis 5- Downy mildew effected the leaves surface of:
a. wheat b. palm c. maize d. barely 6- the symptoms of leaf blight its; a. the effect at young stage b. small yellowish round to oval spots
on leaves 0. a and b correct d. dark and brown color 7- Net blotch that symptoms, can be extensive in winter but affected leaves die back and new leaves in spring can be
symptom-free caused in: a. barley b. maize c. palm d. wheat 8- Sesame grown since antiquity for its: a. leaves b. seeds 0. roots (1. all the answers its true
9-The Sesame seeds are also high in: a. protein b. Vitamin B6 c. thiamin d. all the answers its true ... Show more"
Answers
1. Watering palms can be done at any time.
2. Fungi are heterotrophic organisms.
3. Oomycota, although now classified under the kingdom Chromista, are still treated as fungi due to their many similarities.
4. The pathogen that completes its life cycle by attacking another host (barberry) is Helminrhosporium maydis.
5. Downy mildew affects the leaves of maize.
6. The symptoms of leaf blight include small yellowish spots on leaves.
7. Net blotch, which can cause extensive symptoms in winter but symptom-free new leaves in spring, is found in barley.
8. Sesame is primarily grown for its seeds.
9. Sesame seeds are high in protein, Vitamin B6, and thiamin.
1. When it comes to watering palms, it can be done at any time without a specific preference for a particular period of the day.
2. Fungi, unlike autotrophic organisms, are heterotrophic, meaning they obtain nutrients by consuming organic matter.
3. Oomycota, previously classified as fungi but now considered part of the kingdom Chromista, are still treated as fungi due to their numerous similarities with true fungi.
4. The pathogen Helminrhosporium maydis attacks barberry plants as part of its life cycle.
5. Downy mildew affects the surface of maize leaves, causing damage and potential crop loss.
6. Leaf blight is characterized by small, round to oval, yellowish spots on leaves, typically occurring at a young stage of plant development.
7. Net blotch, a fungal disease, can cause extensive symptoms in winter but does not affect new leaves in spring, particularly in barley plants.
8. Sesame is primarily cultivated for its seeds, which are rich in oil and have various culinary uses.
9. Sesame seeds offer nutritional benefits, as they are high in protein, Vitamin B6, and thiamin, providing essential nutrients for a healthy diet.
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We know that for example stem Bromelain has an enzymatic activity of 0.542 U/mg and there are 20 billion bacteria in our teeth. Calculate how long does Bromelain take to degrade all of the biofilm created by the bacteria using this rule : a) Any assumptions must be written as "(Assumption)". Plus point for those who tell me why they choose that assumption b) Any other data gained from other sources must be written specifically. If it is a book, you can just write the title of the book and the page. If it is a source/website/journal, just write the title of it. c) If you write other data without stating that it is assumption or obtained from other sources, I assume that you create data by yourself without knowing anything!!
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Given that Stem Bromelain has an enzymatic activity of 0.542 U/mg, and there are 20 billion bacteria in our teeth. We need to calculate how long it takes to degrade all of the biofilm created by the bacteria.Assumptions and explanations used in the calculation: Assumption: The mass of the biofilm is not given. Therefore, it is assumed that the biofilm's mass is 1 mg, as the enzymatic activity of bromelain is provided per mg. If the biofilm's mass is different, the result will be different.
We know the enzymatic activity of bromelain, which is 0.542 U/mg.We are given that the number of bacteria in our teeth is 20 billion. The biofilm is created by these bacteria. Bromelain is supposed to degrade the biofilm. Therefore, we need to calculate the mass of the biofilm. The mass of the biofilm is assumed to be 1 mg, as the enzymatic activity of bromelain is given per mg.Now we can use the given data to calculate the time required for bromelain to degrade all of the biofilms created by the bacteria.First, we need to find the total enzymatic activity required to degrade the biofilm. The mass of the biofilm is assumed to be 1 mg.Enzymatic activity of bromelain = 0.542 U/mgTotal enzymatic activity required to degrade 1 mg biofilm= 0.542 U/mg × 1 mg= 0.542 UThe total enzymatic activity required to degrade the biofilm created by the 20 billion bacteria is:Total enzymatic activity required= Enzymatic activity per bacteria × Total number of bacteria= 0.542 U/mg × 20 billion= 1.084 × 10^10 UTo find out how long it takes for bromelain to degrade all of the biofilm, we need to know the rate of degradation. The rate of degradation depends on various factors, such as temperature, pH, etc., which are not provided in the question. Therefore, it is impossible to calculate the time required for bromelain to degrade all of the biofilms created by the bacteria without knowing the rate of degradation. Thus, the answer cannot be calculated.
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Which statements describe freshwater sources? Check all that apply.
Rainwater can replace or replenish freshwater sources.
Precipitation, such as rainwater, is the source of freshwater on Earth.
When the amount of surface freshwater increases, so does the amount of groundwater.
Human activity, such as taking a bath, may change the quality of a freshwater resource.
Pollution in lakes does not affect groundwater because the ground acts as a barrier or filter.
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Precipitation, such as rainwater, is the source of freshwater on Earth is the source of freshwater .
What is freshwater ?Freshwater is defined as water with less than 1,000 milligrammes per litre of dissolved particles, most commonly salt. Surface water bodies on Earth are usually thought of as renewable resources as part of the water cycle, despite their reliance on other parts of the water cycle.
What is water cycle ?The water cycle is frequently presented as a straightforward continuous cycle of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. Although this is a helpful model, the reality is far more complex. Water's paths and influences in Earth's ecosystems are highly complex and not fully known. NOAA is working to improve our knowledge of the water cycle at all scales, from global to local, in order to better predict weather, climate, water resources, and ecosystem health.
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Answer:
A,B,C,D took on edge
Explanation:
HURRY ILL MARK AS BRAINLIEST!
Prompt
Do you think you suffer from the "CSI effect"? Why or why not? What problems do you think this "effect has on the
criminal justice system?
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Answer:
I don’t necessarily suffer from the “CSI effect” because I know that what you see on TV isn’t what happens in reality. However, the one part that has caused me to fall into the “CSI effect” is that I thought the results were almost always, accurate and correct from a lab or test for example.
Explanation: effects.....
1.It’s become more difficult to prosecute defendants
Today’s jurors want more hard evidence. They want the smoking gun and the DNA proof—the unmistakable proof that points to the perpetrator. But any legal professional will tell you this doesn’t always exist.
Some think this is why high-profile defendants like Casey Anthony and Robert Blake were acquitted in recent years. Circumstantial evidence and even eye-witness accounts don’t cut it in the shadow of the high-tech, flashy world of CSI and other shows. 21st century jurors are expecting sophisticated science to be included in every trial—even though it may not always reflect the reality of the case.
2.Jurors are becoming more knowledgeable
While CSI-viewers tend to have higher expectations for scientific evidence in trials, they also show patterns of superior legal knowledge compared to their non-CSI-watching counterparts. One survey indicated that CSI viewers were more likely to expect evidence relevant to a specific crime than non-CSI viewers. They also knew what type of evidence would be irrelevant to specific crimes.
However, more knowledgeable jurors isn’t always a good thing. Jurors may think they are more knowledgeable on forensic evidence than they truly are. They may be aware of forensic testing and its capabilities but not understand when it is appropriately used in a case.
3.It’s manipulating crime scenes
Criminals have access to the same television programming as the rest of us. Some believe the surplus in crime shows is changing their behavior as well. While these programs are not always entirely true, many of the proceedings are based upon facts.
Criminals are taking notes and becoming more skilled at covering their tracks. They know to wear gloves to avoid leaving fingerprints, and they know to use bleach to clean up incriminating evidence
4.Interest is increasing in the criminal justice field
If nothing else, crime shows are at least raising interest and awareness of the legal, medical and investigative professionals and what they do. Bringing the work of these often-overlooked criminal justice professionals to the public eye is introducing individuals to potential professional opportunities in the field.
Sam started his morning walk from the location indicated by the point below.
61
4
start
24
x
-6
-4
2
1
-21
-4
He walked 5 units south and met his friend Joshua. After that, he walked 2 units east and there he bumped into his friend Ethan.
At what location on the coordinate grid did Sam meet Ethan?
OA. point (-3,5)
B. point (-1,-3)
Oc.
point (-3,-5)
O
D. point (-3,-1)
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Answer:
(-1,-3) on the coordinate grid.
Explanation:
The location from where Sam started his morning walk is 3 units to the left and 2 units up from the origin. This location is indicated by the point (-3,2).
He walked 5 units south and met his friend Joshua.
So, find the point that is 5 units to the south of point (-3,2). Distances north and south on the map represent a change in the y-coordinate. Moving 5 units to the south on the map from point (-3,2) places the new location at point (-3,-3).
Sam then walked 2 units east, where he met his friend, Ethan.
So, find the point that is 2 units to the east of point (-3,-3). Distances east and west on the map represent a change in the x-coordinate. Moving 2 units to the east on the map from point (-3,-3) places the new location at point (-1,-3).
So, Sam met Ethan at the location indicated by point (-1,-3) on the coordinate grid.
Answer:
-1, -3
Explanation:
yoo i had this question on a study island!!
What must occur for protein translation to begin?
O A water molecule must be added to the protein chain.
O A peptide bond must form between subunits of mRNA.
O The amino acid Cys must be picked up by tRNA.
O The codon AUG must be identified.
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Answer:
the answer is D.
Explanation:
i took the test. thats all you need. I won't say if I passed or failed, ok I failed and got it back with my teacher's corrections.
For any protein translation there needs to be recognized is the starting codon that is AUG that is present at the 5' end of the codon. The correct answer is option D.
What begins the process of translation ?When the ribosome that is grey docks gets attached to the surface of the mRNA at that time the translation begins.
In the starting when the protein translation has to begin at that time the process of the protein is like that the wrapping of the codons takes place at the mRNA where it is like the process is all taking place at the ribosome.
For translation to start, the start codon that is the (5'AUG) needs to be be recognised. The codon is specific to amino acid methionine which is nearly mostly the 1st amino acid in polypeptide chain. At the 5' cap of mRNA, small unit that is the 40s subunit of ribosome binds up .
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Why is it important to use plain, unsalted cracker in the cracker test .
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Where does fertilization take place?
A. ovary
B. style
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Answer:
A. ovary
Explanation:
It takes place in a fallopian tube that links an ovary to the uterus.
Hope this Helps!
1. Why are plants and animals placed in different kingdoms?
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Answer: Plants and animals share many characteristics, but they are different in some respects. Animals usually move around and find their own food, while plants are usually immobile and create their food via photosynthesis. ... Animal cells absorb nutrients from food, while plant cells use plastids to create energy from sunlight.
Beneficial micro-organisms that are responsible for breaking down organic matter are called?.
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Some examples are fungi,bacteria and protozoa.
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a recessive disorder. If both parents are carriers, what is the probability of this couple having a child with PKU? What is the chance of this couple having two children with PKU?
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PLEASE HELP!!!
Natural selection can occur in three ways directional selection, disruptive selection, and stabilizing selection Describe the
three modes of selection and identify an example of each
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Answer:
Directional selection, stabilizing selection and disruptive selection are three types of natural selection. They are also examples of adaptive evolution. ... Selection pressures act against organisms that do not have favorable traits and they are removed from the population.
Explanation:
There is evidence that global warming has caused major
alterations in the global hydrologic cycle.
True/False
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What is happening when the cells start to swell up with water?
O A. Osmosis is taking place.
O B. Diffusion is stopping.
C. Membranes are less permeable.
D. Solutes are moving outside.
Answers
What is the best example of Environmental Variation?A. Blood groupB. Number of limbsC. Jacket colorD. Organism size
Answers
Answer
A. Blood group
Explanation
B
which structure of the female reproductive system is composed of fat deposits that surround the entrance to the vagina?
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The structure of the female reproductive system that is composed of fat deposits and surround the entrance to the vagina is called mons pubis.
The mons pubis is a rounded area of fatty tissue located above the pubic bone and overlying the pubic symphysis, that covers the pubic bone, it's covered by pubic hair and it's sensitive to touch due to the presence of many nerve endings. It serves as a cushion during sexual intercourse and childbirth.
The female reproductive system is a complex network of organs, hormones, and structures that work together to allow for the reproduction of the species. It includes both internal and external structures.
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Specify the coordinate system (Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical) you would use, along with any relevant assumptions, when modeling transport processes in each of the following scenarios: loss of energy through a flat double-pane window C. transfer of dissolved oxygen from a culture medium into sphere-shaped cells the fluid motion produced when stirring coffee in a typical mug d. dissipation of energy from the skin of a tall and skinny person the velocity profile in waves about to crash on a flat shore f. heating of a cold bottle of alcoholic cider by a warm hand e
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The rectangular coordinate system is another name for the Cartesian coordinate system. It is a system used in geometry that employs coordinates to establish the location of a geometric component (such a point, for instance). Each location in this system is described by two numerical coordinates.
The following coordinate systems are used in each of the given scenarios:
A. Loss of energy through a flat double-pane window Cartesian coordinate system is used to model transport processes in the scenario of energy loss through a flat double-pane window. The major assumptions include that the process is symmetrical, the heat transfer coefficient is uniform, and the heat transfer is two-dimensional.
B. Transfer of dissolved oxygen from a culture medium into sphere-shaped cells Spherical coordinate system is used to model the transport processes in the transfer of dissolved oxygen from a culture medium into sphere-shaped cells. The assumptions include that the rate of oxygen transfer is uniform, the cells are symmetrical, and the diffusivity of oxygen is constant.
C. Fluid motion produced when stirring coffee in a typical mug cylindrical coordinate system is used to model the transport processes of fluid motion produced when stirring coffee in a typical mug. The assumptions include that the flow is two-dimensional, the flow is symmetrical, and the viscosity of the fluid is constant.
D. Dissipation of energy from the skin of a tall and skinny person Cartesian coordinate system is used to model the transport processes in the dissipation of energy from the skin of a tall and skinny person. The assumptions include that the surface temperature is uniform, the surface is symmetrical, and the heat transfer coefficient is uniform.
E. Heating of a cold bottle of alcoholic cider by a warm hand cylindrical coordinate system is used to model the transport processes of heating of a cold bottle of alcoholic cider by a warm hand. The assumptions include that the flow is two-dimensional, the flow is symmetrical, and the viscosity of the fluid is constant.
F. Velocity profile in waves about to crash on a flat shore Spherical coordinate system is used to model the transport processes in the velocity profile in waves about to crash on a flat shore. The assumptions include that the waves are symmetrical, and the diffusivity is constant.
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can someone help plzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz
Answers
Answer:
your answer is
Bright Color
Of the following, which is NOT considered to increase the risk of developing cancer for humans?Select one:a.ultraviolet lightb.toxic chemicalsc.regular exercised.smoking
Answers
Answer is C.
Explanation: Exercise is good for the body. It helps regu
15. Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b).
Using this example, explain how a child can have a
trait that neither parent expresses physically. Use a
Punnett Square to validate your answer.
Answers
Both parents have Bb Bb
B b
B BB Bb
b Bb bb
The child got little b, little b